初三英語名詞的用法

初三系列復(fù)習資料(1)名詞考點集匯，講解和訓練一、名詞【考點直擊】1．可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；2．名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；3．近義名詞的辨析?！久麕燑c睛】一、名詞的數(shù)1．單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-S”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：bookfbooks,girlfgirls,boy—boys,penfpens,doctorfdoctors,boy—boys。以s，x,ch,sh,結(jié)尾的詞加-es，例如:bus—buses，class—classes，box—boxes，watch—watches，brush—brushes。以ce,se,ze,(d)ge結(jié)尾的名詞加s，例如:orange一oranges。以輔音母加y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：city—cities,factory—factories,country—countries,family—families。但要注意的是以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式只加s，如：boy—boys,day—days。以o結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero—heroes，potato—potatoes，tomato—tomatoes，但詞末為兩個元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoo—zoos，radio—radios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如：photo—photos，piano—pianos。以f或fe結(jié)尾的詞，多數(shù)變f為v再加-es，例如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves,half—halves。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法如下表所示。復(fù)數(shù)詞尾s(或es)的讀音方法情況讀法例詞在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后[s]cups,hats,cakes在[⑵glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces

[s][z][t][等音后][F]在beds,dogs,cities,knives[z][b][d][][v]等濁輔音后(7)少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：mammen,womamwomen,toothfteeth,foot^feet,child—children,mouse—mice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；man,woman等作定語時,它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定如：menworkers,womenteachers。有個別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當fish表示不同種類的魚時，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police等。數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式，中間加連字符。例如ten-minutes'walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers,clothes,chopsticks,glasses,goods，ashes，scissors，compasses。只用作單數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞有：科學名詞：physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名詞：news,falls2．不可數(shù)名詞“量”的表示方法在英語中,不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念,可以用以下兩種方法：(1)用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等表示多少，例如：Therichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．(2)用apieceof這類定語,例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater(milk)acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時,在容器后加復(fù)數(shù),例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofpaperthreeglassesofwater不可數(shù)名詞也可用alotof,lotsof,some,any,much等來修飾。二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格,用來表示人或物的所有,以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。表示有生命的名詞的所有格其單數(shù)形式是加’s,其復(fù)數(shù)形式是s'，例如：astudent'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。如其結(jié)尾不是s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加’s,如：Children'sDay。在表示時間、距離、長度、重量、價格、世界、國家等名詞的所有格要用's,例如：atwentyminutes'walk,tenmiles'journey,aboat'slength,twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。無生命名詞的所有格則必須用of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：amapofChina,theendofthisterm,thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。雙重所有格,例如：afriendofmyfather's?！咀⒁狻咳绻麅蓚€名詞并列，并且分別有's,則表示“分別有”，例如：John'sandMary'srooms(約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間)；Tom'sandMary'sbikes(兩人各自的自行車)。兩個名詞并列，只有一個's,則表示“共有”，例如：JohnandMary'sroom(約翰和瑪麗共有一間)；TomandMary'smother(即Tom與Mary是兄妹)?！緦嵗馕觥?.(2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題)Thesehavesavedmanychildren'slives.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctor答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時的變化。woman作定語時要和被修飾的名詞保持數(shù)的一致。（2004年河北省中考試題）Thisisbedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.A.AnneandJaneB.Anne'sandJane'sC.Anne'sandJaneD.AnneandJane's答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個房間時，只在后面的名詞后加's。（2004年吉林省中考試題）Arethereanyonthefarm?Yes,therearesome.A.horseB.duckC.chickenD.sheep答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動詞來判斷，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。（2004年佛山市中考試題）Whatwouldyouliketodrink,ororange?Orange,please.A.hamburgerB.chipC.tea答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項填空1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I'vebeento.A.theHenryhouseB.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry'shomeD.Henry's2．InEngland,ifisinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner3．Youlookedforittwice,butyouhaven'tfoundit.Whynottry.A.threetimesB.athirdtimeC.thethirdtimeD.once4．Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem?Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters5．Mikehurtoneofhisintheaccidentyesterday.A.toothB.feetC.handD.ear6．Thereissomeontheplate.A.cakesB.meatC.potatoD.pears7．InEngland,thelastnameisthe.A.familynameB.middleC.givennameD.fullname8．ThearegoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.GermanyC.GermanysD.Germans9．Thehastwo.A.boys;watchesB.boy;watchC.boy;watchesD.boys;watch10．Thelittlebabyhastwoalready.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths11．What'syourforbeinglateagain?A.ideaB.keyC.excuseD.news12．It'sdangeroushere.We'dbettergooutquickly.ButIthinkweshouldletgooutfirst.A.womanandchildrenB.womenandchildC.womanandchildD.womenandchildren13．YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“”onthedoorofhisshop.Thanks.A.ENTRANCEB.BUSINESSHOURSC.THISSIDEUPD.NOSMOKING14．Aretheygoingtohaveapicnicon?A.Children'sDayB.Childrens'sDayC.ChildrensDayD.ChildrenDay15．Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin?A.theRoom406B.Room406C.the406RoomD.406Room根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。We'vegotalotofnew（雜志）inourschoollibrary.Pleaseturntoanother（頻道），Idon'tlikethisshow.Yesterdaythe航班）toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite（季節(jié)）Howmany（小刀）doyouhave?Three.arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.June1stis（兒童）Day.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew（地址）sothatIcanwritetoyou.Doesthispieceof（音樂）soundnice?Yes.It'swonderful!May12thistheInternational（護士）Day.Let'ssay“Thanks”tothemfortheirwork.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞?！癢hat'syourn?”“LiLei.”Howmanyddoesyourunclehave?Pleaseclosethew.It'scoldoutside.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp.Acomputerisoneofthegreatestiintheworld.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhispduringtheSpringFestival.Attheaofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.It'sonlyaboutanhflightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.Healthismoreimporta