青年酗酒者對酒精相關線索的早期注意調節(jié)：一個ER

Earlyattentionalmodulationbyalcohol-relatedcuesinyoungbingedrinkers:Anevent-relatedpotentialsstudy

青年酗酒者對酒精相關線索的早期注意調節(jié)：一個ERP研究

ClinicalNeurophysiology臨床神經(jīng)生理學IF:2.979GéraldinePetit一、問題提出二、研究方法三、研究結果四、討論五、不足六、點評一、問題提出1、Bingedrinkingreferstotheconsumptionofalargenumberofdrinksoverashortintervaloftimefollowedbyperiodsofabstinence.Bingedrinkingisacommonoccurrenceamongyoungerpeople,especiallyuniversitystudents酗酒指在禁欲后短時間里消費大量的酒精。酗酒的通常是年輕人，特別是大學生。{定義、對象}

2、Theeffectsofalcoholonthecentralnervoussystem(CNS)havebeenextensivelystudied,andtheneurocognitive,neuroanatomicalandneurofunctionalconsequencesofchronicalcoholabuseinalcohol-dependentadultshavebeendocumented(Oscar-BermanandMarinkovic′2007).大量的的研究已經(jīng)證明酒精會影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(CNS)。成人酒精依賴者長期的酒精亂用對其神經(jīng)認知，神經(jīng)解剖和神經(jīng)功能產(chǎn)生的影響(Oscar-BermanandMarinkovic′2007)。{影響}3、Comparedwithadults,relativelylittleisknownaboutadolescentbingedrinkinganditsneurocognitiveconsequences。

Afewrecentstudieshaveexploredthecerebralconsequencesofbingedrinkinginnonclinicalsamplesofadolescentsanduniversitystudents.相比成人，相對很少知道青少年酗酒者對他們的神經(jīng)認知影響情況。最近很少有研究探索了酗酒對非臨床青少年樣本和大學生的大腦影響。{問題}4、Withrespecttotheneurocognitiveeffectsofbingedrinkinginyouths,itisimportanttoevaluatesimilaritieswithdeficitsinducedbylong-termalcoholconsumptioninadultssoastobeabletodevelopadaptedinformationandpreventionprogramsforyoungpeople.關于酗酒會對青少年神經(jīng)認知影響，那么有必要的去評估成人長期酒精消費導致的缺陷，這樣可以獲取有效的信息和的發(fā)展對青少年人群預防項目5、Theaimofthepresentstudywastoinvestigatewhetherbingedrinkingstudents,withtheirbriefhistoryofalcoholexposurecomparedtoadults,andwithoutadiagnosisofAUD,exhibitanymodulationinalcohol-cueprocessing.Morespecifically,wewantedtoexaminewhethertherewasanydifferenceincerebralreactivitybetweenstudentswithbingedrinkinghabitsandpairedcontrolswhentheywereconfrontedbyalcohol-relatedcomparedtononalcohol-related(control)cues.當前研究的目的在于去調查相比成人，短期的酒精暴露歷史、酗酒的學生和沒有診斷出AUD的人，是否展現(xiàn)出對任何酒精線索加工調節(jié)。更特別是，我們想調查對于非酒精-酒精相關線索對于酗酒的學生和配對控制組相比的大腦反應是否存在差異。6、Ourmainhypothesiswasthatbingedrinkers(ascomparedtocontrols)willdisplayanenhancedattentionalprocessingofalcohol-relatedstimuliascomparedtounrelatedalcoholones.我們主要的研究假設就是酗酒者會顯示出相比非酒精相關線索增加對酒精相關的注意加工。二、研究方法（一）被試WefirstconductedageneralscreeningphaseamongstudentsattheFacultyofPsychologyofBrussels(Belgium)University.Threehundredstudentscompletedaquestionnairethatassessedpsychologicalmeasuresaswellasalcoholanddrugconsumptioncharacteristic我們首先實施的是對theFacultyofPsychologyofBrussels(Belgium)University一般的刷選。300個學生完成心理測量和酒精和藥物消費特征評估。selectioncriteria:nomajormedicalproblems,nohistoryofCNSdisease(includingepilepsyandhistoryofbraintrauma),novisualimpairment,nopastorcurrentdrugconsumption(otherthanalcohol),nofamilyhistoryofalcoholism,verylowalcoholconsumptionandabsenceofbingedrinkinghabitsbeforestartinguniversitystudiesbutmaintenanceofthesamedrinkingpatternsincethen.選擇標準：無主要的醫(yī)療問題，沒有中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾?。òǎd癇腦部創(chuàng)傷），沒有視覺損傷，過去和當前沒有藥物使用（酒精以外），沒有酒精成癮家族史，在上大學學習前酒精低消費和沒有酗酒習慣而且一直維持相同的模式到現(xiàn)在。{為什么都有這些刷選標準？}Allparticipantswereassessedforseveralpsychologicalmeasures:StateandTraitAnxiety(STAIAandB,Spielbergeretal.,1983),depression(BDI,BeckandSteer,1987)andalexithymia(TAS20,Bagbyetal.,1994).所有的被試試要通過幾幾個心理測測驗進行評評估：狀態(tài)態(tài)特質焦慮慮問卷(STAIAandB,Spielbergeretal.,1983)，抑郁量表表(BDI,BeckandSteer,1987)，述情障礙礙(TAS20,Bagbyetal.,1994).Onthisbasis,36studentswereselected.Accordingtotheiralcoholconsumptioncharacteristicswhileatuniversity,studentsweredividedintotwogroups,eachof18participants:controlsandbingedrinkers.基于上面的的刷選標準準，共選出出了36名被試。根根據(jù)他們在在大學學習習時的的酒酒精消費特特征分為兩兩組，每組組18名被試：控控制組和酗酗酒組Participantswereprovidedwithfulldetailsregardingtheaimsofthestudyandtheproceduretobefollowedandgavetheirinformedconsentafterreceivingthisinformation.ThelocalethicalcommitteeofBrugmannHospitalapprovedthestudy.Alltheparticipantswerebetweentheagesof19and26,withnormal/correctedvision,normalhearing,nomedicationandnohistoryofneurologicaldisease.Wematchedthegroupsforage,sex。本研究向被被試提供全全部的詳細細的關于研研究的目的的和過程，，在被試知知道研究信信息后，獲獲取知情同同意。同樣樣此研究獲獲得BrugmannHospital倫理委員會會的支持。。所有被試試的年齡在在19-26歲，有正常常/矯正視力，，正常聽覺覺能力，沒沒有醫(yī)療和和沒有神經(jīng)經(jīng)相關的疾疾病。同時時，我們將將兩組在年年齡，性別別進行匹配配Thegroups’characteristicsareshowninTable1.（二）、視視覺材料的的準備Alcohol-relatedpicturesandnon-alcohol-related(control)pictureswereusedastargetdeviantstimuliplacedamongfrequentneutralstimuli，Moreover,allthesedeviantstimuli(alcoholandcontrol)presentedaneutral,negativeorpositivescene.Toconstructthissetofpicturestimuli,westartedwith44pictures,chosenfromtheInternationalAffectivePictureSystem(IAPS)(Langetal.,1997),orfromourownselectionontheinternet.酒精相關圖圖片和酒精精不相關圖圖片（control）在一定頻頻率中性刺刺激中作為為目標偏差差刺激。所所有這些偏偏差刺激分分為中性，，消極或者者積極場景景。我了構構造這些刺刺激，我們們從國際情情緒圖片庫庫(IAPS)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上上共選了44張圖片。中性情緒酒精圖片中性情緒非酒精圖片片消極極情情緒緒酒精精圖圖片片積極極情情緒緒中性性圖片片積極極情情緒緒酒酒精精圖圖片片消極極情情緒緒中性性圖圖片片CACNPN320個刺刺激激CN中性性控控制制刺刺激激72%4個blockPANANN目標標刺刺激激每每個個5次，，占占28%800毫秒秒600and1000ms間隔隔1200ms的反反應應時時間間正確確率率和和反反應應時時（三三））程程序序（（visualoddballparadigm）（四四））EEI記錄錄和和分分析析1、32導2、10-20電極3、增益300004、帶通0.01–100Hz.5、電阻below56、基線200，持時間800ms7、低通濾波：：30Hz8、(90–160msforP100；200–300msforN2b；350–650msforP3bThesevaluesweretestedusingrepeatedmeasuresofanalysisofvariance(ANOVA––Greenhouse–Geissercorrectionwasappliedwhenappropriate),pairedsamplet-testsandtwo-tailedPearsoncorrelations重復測量方差差分析，配對對樣本t檢驗，雙側Pearson相關三、結果呈現(xiàn)現(xiàn)（一）、Behaviouraldata（行為數(shù)據(jù)））Overall,behaviouraldatashowedthatindependentlyoftheirgroup,participantsdetectedthedeviant，Positivestimulifasterthantheneutralones,andthatintheneutralemotionalcontext,reactiontimeswerefasterforalcohol-thanfornon-alcohol-relatedstimuli。總體上，行為為數(shù)據(jù)表明，，組間沒有差差異，被試間間發(fā)現(xiàn)了差異異，積極的刺刺激比中性的的快。在中性性情緒背景下下，酒精—比非酒精相關關刺激反應時時間快。（二）刺激評評估Nosignificanteffectofgroupwasfound,butatype*groupinteractionwasobservedwhichsuggeststhatindependentlyofthestimulivalence,controlssubjectsevaluatednon-alcoholrelatedpicturesasmorepositivethanalcohol-relatedones。whereastherewasnosignificantdifferencebetweenthetwostimulustypesinthebingedrinkersgroup組間沒差異，，刺激類型和和組間存在交交互作用表明明，控制組評評價非酒精圖圖片比酒精相相關圖片更積積極。在酒精精組兩類刺激激類型沒有差差異。（三）ERPdata1、LatenciesTherewasnosignificanteffectofgrouporofgroup*stimulustypeinteractionforanyERPcomponent’slatencies,whichiscongruentwiththeabsenceofgroupdifferencesforbehaviouraldata(p>.05).組間或者組*刺激類型之之間對于任何何latencies的ERP成分都沒有顯顯著影響，和和行為數(shù)據(jù)沒沒有組間差異異是一致的。。2、Amplitudes（波幅）P100：N2b無差異P3b無差異4、相關Theresultsshowedthatthelongerthedurationofbingedrinkinghabits,thelargertheP100amplitudetoalcohol-relatedcues(r=.666;p=.003),andthegreaterthenumberofdosesconsumedperweek,thelargertheP100amplitudetoalcohol-relatedcues(r=.491;p=.039).結果表明，酗酗酒習慣時間間更長，對酒酒精相關線索索時P100波幅更大，每每周用量越大大對酒精相關關線索時P100波幅更大四、討論（一）ThedifferencesbetweenbingedrinkersandcontrolparticipantsspecificallyinvolvedtheP100component.P100amplitudeselicitedbyalcohol-relatedpicturesweresignificantlylargerthanthoseelicitedbyneutralpicturesinindividualswithbingedrinkinghabits,whereastherewerenosignificantdifferencesintheP100amplitudesofcontrolswiththedifferentstimuli.酗酒者者和控控制組組的差差異涉涉及到到P100成分。。酗酒酒者對對酒精精相關關圖片片相比比中性性圖片片誘發(fā)發(fā)更大大的P100。而控控制組組沒有有發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)這個個現(xiàn)象象。（二））Itisimportanttonotethat,eventhoughsuchanincreaseintheP100componentwasnotobservedinthecontrolgroup,theresultsshowedthat,atabehaviourallevel,despitethefactthatcontrolssubjectsevaluatedalcohol-relatedstimuliaslesspositivethannon-alcoholrelatedones,allpar