航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)發(fā)展

WP14“昆侖”

2002年5月20日定型用于“飛豹”的

國(guó)產(chǎn)渦扇9發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

“秦嶺”通過(guò)定型鑒定

2003年7月18日渦扇10“太行”設(shè)計(jì)定型

2005年12月28日我國(guó)自行研制的“太行”渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)定型，標(biāo)志我國(guó)航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)研制邁上了新的臺(tái)階。我國(guó)研制的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

“昆侖”

WP14（渦噴14）

渦輪噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

“秦嶺”

WS9（渦扇9）

渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)“太行”

WS10（渦扇10）

渦扇風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

我國(guó)研制的三種發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

問(wèn)題

為什么是不同型式的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)此二型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)有何不同，各有何特點(diǎn)當(dāng)前常用的還有哪些發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)渦輪噴氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低涵道比渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高涵道比渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)加力式渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)低涵道比渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

20世紀(jì)60年代，廣泛用于窄體機(jī)身的旅客機(jī)，如三叉戟，波音707，波音727、波音737-200，MD-80，圖-154等。三叉戟波音-707

高涵道比渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上世紀(jì)70年代初投入使用后，已廣泛用于各種類型的旅客機(jī)包括干線客機(jī)、支線客機(jī)。加力式渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)自上世紀(jì)60年代研制成功后，已成為現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的動(dòng)力裝置，并促進(jìn)了第3代、第4代戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)的發(fā)展除渦輪噴氣、渦輪風(fēng)扇發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)

外還有

☆渦輪螺旋槳發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)☆渦輪軸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)Boeing787Boeing787Dreamliner

TypeAirlinerManufacturerBoeingCommercialAirplanesIntroduced2003/2004StatusunderdevelopmentRenderingoftheBoeing787-8finaldesign,inNorthwestAirlinesliveryTheBoeing787,orDreamliner,isamid-sizedwidebodypassengerairlinercurrentlyunderdevelopmentbyBoeingCommercialAirplanesandscheduledtoenterservicein2008.Itwillcarrybetween200and350passengersdependingontheseatingconfiguration,andwillbemorefuel-efficientthancomparableearlierairliners.Itwillalsobethefirstmajorairlinertousecompositematerialformostofitsconstruction.PriortoJanuary28,2005,the787wasknownasthedevelopmentaldesignator7E7.OnApril26,2005,oneyeartothedayafterthelaunchoftheprogram,thefinallookoftheexternal787designwasfrozen[1].Withalessrakishnoseandamoreconventionaltail,thefinaldesignhasaerodynamicssuperiortotheinitial7E7concept.Background

Artist'sconceptoftheSonicCruiser,aproposedreplacementforthe767.When767salesbegantoweakeninthefaceofcompetitionfromtheAirbus

A330-200inthelate1990s,Boeingbegantoconsiderareplacement.AstheBoeing747-400wasalsobeginningtolosetraction,thecompanyproposedtwonewaircraft—theSonicCruiserandthe747X.TheSonicCruiserwasintendedtoachievehigherspeeds(approximatelyMach0.98)whileburningfuelatthesamerateastheexisting767andA330products.The747X,intendedtocompetewiththeAirbusA380,wouldstretchthe747-400andgiveitacompositesupercriticalwingtoimproveefficiency.Thelimitedpotentialmarketforsuperjumboswasanissue,however;theearlierDouglasDC-10andLockheedL-1011

widebodiessplitasimilarlylimitedmarketanddrovebothcompaniesoutoftheirstrongpositionsinthecommercialaircraftmarket.Marketinterestforthe747Xwastepid;theSonicCruiserhadbrighterprospects.Severalmajorairlines,primarilyintheUnitedStates,voicedtheiroptimismfortheconcept.Bydecreasingtraveltime,theywouldbeabletoincreasecustomersatisfactionandaircraftutilization.IntheaftermathoftheSeptember11,2001attacks,theglobalairlinemarketwasupended.Airlineswerenotabletojustifylargecapitalexpenditures,andduetoincreasedpetroleumprices,weremoreinterestedinefficiencythanspeed.Theworst-affectedairlineswereintheUnitedStates—thosesameairlineswereconsideredtobethemostlikelycustomeroftheSonicCruiser.Boeingproceededtoofferairlinestheoptionofusingtheairframeforeitherhigherspeedorincreasedefficiency.Duetohighprojectedairframecosts,demandcontinuedtoevaporate.Eventually,Boeingswitchedtracksanddecidedtoofferanalternativeproject,cancellingthe747XonceAirbuslaunchedproductionoftheAirbusA380aircraft.

Artist'sconceptofthe7E7thatshowsthenoseandtailpriortothefinal'787'redesign;liveryoflaunchcustomerAllNipponAirways.ThereplacementfortheSonicCruiserprojectwasdubbedthe7E7(withadevelopmentcodenameofY2.)The"E"wassaidtostandforvariousthings,dependingupontheaudience.Tosome,itstoodfor"efficiency,"toothersitstoodfor"environmentallyfriendly,"etc.Intheend,Boeingclaimeditmerelystoodfor"Eight,"aftertheaircraftwaseventuallyrechristened"787"whenseveralChineseairlinesorderedtheproduct.EightisaluckynumberinmanyAsiancultures,anditwasthoughtbysomethatBoeingseizeduponthiscoincidenceasamarketingtool.[2]

The787essentiallyusesthetechnologyproposedfortheSonicCruiserinamoreconventionalairframeconfiguration(seeFeatures).Boeingclaimsthatthe787willbeupto20%morefuel-efficientthancurrentcomparableaircraft.Roughlyone-thirdofthisefficiencyimprovementwillcomefromtheengines;anotherthirdfromaerodynamicimprovementsandtheincreaseduseoflighterweightcompositematerials;andtherestfromadvancedsystems.Themostnotablesystemadvancementcontributingtoefficiencyisa"moreelectricarchitecture"whichreplacesbleedairandhydraulicpowerwithelectricallypoweredcompressorsandpumps.TechnologyfromtheSonicCruiserand787willbeusedaspartofBoeing'sprojecttoreplacetheirentireairlinerproductline,calledtheYellowstoneProject(ofwhichthe787isthefirststage).Boeingselectedtwoenginetypes,theGeneralElectric(GE)GEnxandRolls-Royce

Trent1000topowerthe787.Significantly,thisleavesPratt&Whitneyunabletoofferoneoftheirownenginesto787customers.Boeingmayhavewishedtorelyontwoevolvedversionsofexistingenginesratherthanthehigher-riskoptionofanallnewPratt&Whitneyengine,particularlyinlightofPratt&Whitney'srecentfailuresintheRegionalJetmarketandfailedPW6000enginefortheA318.Forthefirsttimeincommercialaviation,bothenginetypeswillhaveastandardinterfacewiththeaircraft,allowingany787tobefittedwitheitheraGEorRolls-Royceengineatanytime.Engineinterchangeabilitymakesthe787afarmoreflexibleassettoairlines,allowingthemtochangefromonemanufacturer'senginetotheother'sinlightofanyfutureenginedevelopmentswhichconformmorecloselytotheiroperatingprofile.Theenginemarketforthe787isestimatedat$40billionUSDoverthenext25years.Thelaunchofanewairlinercanbeexpectedtodrawscathingcommentsfromcompetitors,Boeing'sdoubtovertheA380andAirbus'mockingoftheSonicCruiserbeingrecentexamples.The787isnoexception,asAirbus'JohnLeahyhasmadeattemptsatrefutingallofBoeing'sclaims,openlycriticizingthelarge-scaleuseofcompositesinthe787'sfuselageasbeing"rushedandridiculous",ignoringthefactthatBoeingbuiltandtestedthefirstcompositesectionwhileexaminingtheSonicCruiserconceptnearly5yearsago[3]makingthe787asignificantlyrefinedproduct[4].AirbusrecentlyofferedthecompetingA350usingderivativesoftheturbofansdevelopedforthe787,modifiedtogeneratebleedair.ThisnewjetwillmakelesswidespreaduseofcompositeswithAirbuspreferringaluminium-lithiumalloysforthefuselage[5].AsofOctober132005theA350had143commitmentsfromvariousairlinecompanies,howeveritwasrecentlyannouncedthattheA350wouldnotbeavailableuntil2011,threeyearsafterthe787willbeinservice.Incomparisonthe787alreadyhas388firmorderssofar.InordertocompetewiththelargerversionoftheAirbusA350,andespeciallytocompeteforthelargeorderfromEmiratesandanorderfromBritishAirways,Boeinghasannounceditwillproducea"787-10",withseatingcapacitybetween290-310.[6]Thishasbeenreportedinnumerousarticles[7],includingonATWOnline'sdailynews[8].Productionofthisnewmodelisprojectedfor2012.Formallaunchmaycomeinlate2006or2007.[1]

CommerciallaunchOnApril26,2004,theJapaneseairlineAllNipponAirways(ANA)becamethelaunchcustomerforthe787,thenstill-knownasthe7E7,announcingafirmorderfor50aircrafttobedeliveredbeginningin2008.ANA'sorderwasforthirty787-3,300seat,one-classdomesticaircraft,andtwenty787-8,long-haul,230seat,two-classaircraftforinternationalroutessuchasTokyo

Narita-LosAngeles.Theaircraftwillallownewroutestobeopenedtomid-sizedcitiesnotpreviouslyserved,suchasDenverandMontreal.Laterordersandoptionsareasfollows.OrdersandoptionsDateAirlineEISTypeEngine787-3787-8787-9

TBA

OptionsRightsGERRApril26,2004

AllNipponAirways

[9]

20083020

50

June2,2004

AirNewZealand

[10]

2008

2

16

July7,2004

FirstChoiceAirways[11]

2009

6

6

BluePanorama

[12]

2009

4

2

October21,2004

PrimarisAirlines

[13]

2008

20

15

December22,2004

JapanAirlines

[14]

20081317

20

December29,2004

ContinentalAirlines

[15]

2009

10*

December31,2004

VietnamAirlines

[16]

2010

4

11

January28,2005

AirChina

[17]

2008

15

ChinaEastern

[18]

2008

15

ChinaSouthern

[19]

2008

10

HainanAirlines

[20]

2008

8

ShanghaiAirlines

[21]

2008

9

XiamenAirlines

[22]

2008

3

February4,2005

EthiopianAirlines

[23]

2008

5

5

February25,2005

Icelandair

[24]

2010

2

5

April11,2005

KoreanAir

[25]

2010

10

10

April25,2005

AirCanada

[26]

2010

14

46

April26,2005

AirIndia

[27]

2008

20

7

May5,2005

NorthwestAirlines

[28]

2008

18

50

May16,2005

LCAL[29]

2009

6

May31,2005

EthiopianAirlines

[30]

2008

5**

-5

July31,2005

RoyalAirMaroc

[31]

2008

4

1

September7,2005

LOTPolishAirlines

[32]

2008

7

25

September16,2005

GarudaIndonesia

[33]

2011

10

October13,2005

ILFC

[34]

2010

20***

4

October25

2005

AirNewZealand

[35]

2008

2

December13

2005

Qantas

[36]

2008

1530

2050

December19

2005

CRAirways

[37]

2008

10

December30,2005

AirIndia

[38]

2008

7**

-7

December31,2005

LCAL[39]

2009

8

March3,2006

Unidentified?

1

March6,2006

KenyaAirways

[40]

2010

6

6

April5,2006

Icelandair

[41]

2012

2**

-2

April25,2006

AirPacific

[42]

2011

5

3

May11,2006

AirNewZealand

[43]

2010

-44

Sub-totals4329248102596111189Totals393Orders(350firm,43pending)320Entriesshadedinpinkhavebeenannounced,buthavenotyetsignedafirmcontract.*ContinentalAirlineshas7firmand3pending.

**Indicatesanexercisedoptionorpurchaseright

***AirSeychelleswilllease2unitsfromILFCinthe2010

InitialsalesCustomerannouncedordersandcommitmentsforthe787reached237aircraftduringthefirstyearofsales.Thismakesthe787thefastest-eversellingairlineruponlaunch;bycomparison,the747sold92unitsduringthesametimeperiod.Boeingexpectstohave500ordersbyentryintoservice(EIS).The787-3and787-8variantswillbeavailablefirst.The787-9wasexpectedtobeavailabletwoyearslater,butthefirst2.5yearsproductionhasnowbeensoldoutfortheinitialvariants,sotheintroductionofthe787-9hasbeendelayedinordertofulfillinitialdemand.AsofMay1,2006,threeairlineshadalreadyorderedatotalof39Boeing787-9.The787-8variantwaspricedatalistpriceof$US120millionperaircraft,surprisingtheindustry,whichwasexpectingamuchhigherpricetag.Therehavebeentwopriceincreasessincelaunchanda787-8currentlysellsfor$US148-157.5million.Likelaunchcustomersofpastaircraft,ANAisrumoredtohavereceivedasignificantdiscountofaround40-50%offtheoriginalprice.Thismayneverbeeasilyconfirmed,butthepracticeisverycommonintheaviationindustry.Production

FuselagebarrelsectionsfromAleniaandVoughtwillbeflowntoEverettonmodified747s.Boeingwillassembletheaircraftandmanufactureitsforwardfuselage,tailfin,ailerons,flaps,andslats.Foritsentirehistory,Boeinghasjealouslyguardeditstechniquesfordesigningandmassproducingcommercialjetlinerwings.Duetoeconomicrealities,thewingswillbemanufacturedbyJapanesecompaniesinNagoya,whilethehorizontalstabilizerswillbemanufacturedbyAlenia

AeronauticainItaly,andthefuselagesectionsbyVoughtinSouthCarolina,AleniainItaly,KawasakiinJapan,andSpiritAeroSystems,inWichita.[2]

Japaneseindustrialparticipationisveryimportanttotheproject,with35%workshare,withmanyofthesubcontractorssupportedandfundedbytheJapanesegovernment.OnApril26

2006,JapanesemanufacturerTorayindustriesandBoeingannouncedaproductionagreementinvolving$6billionworthofcarbonfiber.Thedealisanextensionofacontractsignedin2004betweenthetwocompaniesandeasessomeconcernsthatBoeingmighthavedifficultymaintainingit'sproductiongoalsforthe787.TheJapaneseparticipantsarenolongerjuniorpartners.FromFrance,Messier-DowtywillbuildthelandinggearandThaleswillsupplytheintegratedstandbyflightdisplay,electricalpowerconversionsystem,andin-flightentertainment.HoneywellandRockwell-Collinswillprovideflightcontrol,guidanceandotheravionicssystems,includingstandarddual

headupguidancesystems.FutureintegrationofforwardlookinginfraredisbeinglookedatbyFlightDynamicsallowingimprovedvisibilityusingthermalsensingaspartoftheHUDsystem,allowingpilotsto"see"throughtheclouds.

Nosesectionofthe787-8,unveiledatSpiritWichitaforthefirsttime.Thefinalassemblywillconsistofattachingfully-completedsubassemblies,insteadofbuildingthecompleteaircraftfromthegroundup.ThisisatechniquewhichBoeinghaspreviouslyusedonthe737program,whichinvolvesshippingfuselagebarrelsectionsbyrailfromSpirit'sWichita,KansasfacilitytoBoeing'snarrowbodyfinalassemblyplantatRenton,Washington.Airbushasalsousedthistechniqueinthepast,althoughinitscaseitismoreofapoliticalnecessityresultingfrompartnernations'dividedworkshare.Afterstiffcompetition,BoeingannouncedonDecember16,2003thatassemblywouldtakeplaceinEverett,Washington,employing800to1,200people.The787willundergowind-tunneltestingatBoeing'sTransonicWindTunnel,QinetiQ'sfive-meterwindtunnelbasedinFarnborough,UK,andNASAAmesResearchCenter'swindtunnel,aswellasattheFrenchaerodynamicsresearchagency,ONERA.ThefirstcompositesectionrolledoutinJanuaryof2005,andfinalexternaldesignwassetinApril2005.Boeingintendstodeliver118aircraftduringthefirst18monthsofproduction.Duetocustomerdemand,Boeingiscurrentlyconsideringwhethertoopenasecondproductionline.[1]Someofthedifficultyinthiscaserevolvesaroundtheproductioncapacityofsuppliers.Forexample,Aleniaissaidtoonlybeabletoproduceseven787fuselagesectionspermonth.Difficulitiesinincreasingproductionratesresultedinseveredeliverydelaysin1999.[1]

CurrentpotentialSalesInformationMay/June2006Currently,Boeingisintalkswithseveralinternationalcarriers.SingaporeAirlinesandEmiratesAirlineshaveshownaninterestinthenew787s,andhavebeencourtingBoeingandAirbusforsometime.Emiratesrecently,hasbeenpushingBoeingtofurtherstretchtheDreamlinerforaDash10model.Adecisionisexpectedattheupcomingairshow.WhiletheA350islaggingbehindinorders,ithasprovidedformidablecompetitiontothe787,forcingtheDreamlinersalesteamtoworkveryhardtowinneworders.However,the787'sextremepopularityhasresultedinproductionbeingsoldoutthrough2011.[1]

AdditionalordersareexpectedlateronfromAirNewZealand,ContinentalAirlinesandNorthwestAirlines-astheircurrentfleetsconsistmainlyof767andA330aircraftwhichwillberetiringinthenextdecade.CurrentlyBoeinghasproposalsformorethan600aircraft;notallwillturnintofirmorders,butBoeinghopestoretainmorethana60%shareinthismarket.Boeingiswellonitswaytoachievingitsgoalof500firmordersbeforeentryintoservice.IfBoeing'sDreamlinersalesshouldcontinueattheircurrentrate,asecondproductionlineiscurrentlybeingconsideredandadecisionisexpectedasearlyasOctober2006.Otherprospectivecustomersforthe787include:Aeroflot-whoisexpectedtodecidebetweentheA350and787shortlyAerolineas

Argentinas

Aeromexico-whoisrumouredtobeoneofthemanyairlinesinserioustalkswithBoeingAer

Lingus-onceastrongBoeingcustomerwhoseemstobeheadedtoanallAirbusfleetAlitalia-withwhomthe787wouldfitinperfectly,howeverhindrancesincludefinancialwoesAmericanAirlines-possiblereplacementforAmerican'sAirbusA300sandolderBoeing767swhenfinancesareinorderAvianca-whohaspublicyexpressedthatthe787appearstobeaperfectfitwiththemBritishAirways-whichislookingtoreplaceitsBoeing767fleetwitheitherA350sorBoeing787sCathayPacific-whichhasnotshownseriousinterestinaircraftsmallerthanthe777/A340forsometimenowChinaAirlines

DeltaAirLines-thelargestBoeing767operatorwhowillneedaperfectreplacementinyearstocomeElAl-EmiratesAirlines-whoislikelytoplaceanorderforupto100ofeithertheA350or787EtihadAirways-whoisconstantlyanalysingit'sgrowthpotentialandmayplaceanorderby2007EVAAir

Flyglobespan-iftheEuropetoUnitedStatesrouteprovestobesuccessful,theyhaveindictedthattheywilloptforthe787.GECAS

GulfAir

JetAirways

LANLufthansa-rumourhasitthedash3variantcouldbeperfectforthemMalaysiaAirlines

PakistanInternationalAirlines

RBSAviation

SaudiArabianAirlines

SingaporeAirlines-innegotiationswithbothmanufacturer's,adecisionisexpectedbyJune2006ThaiAirways

TunisAir-expectedtomakeadecisionbySummer2006onA330sor787sTurkishAirlines

UnitedAirlines-CEOGlennTiltonhasexpressedmajorinterestinboththe787andtheAirbusA350

Varig-whosefinancialstatemaypreventanorderaltogetherifiteventuallyliquidatesVivaMacau-alongawaitedcustomerwhoisstillevaluatingthebenefitsofbothAirbus'andBoeing'sofferning

ZoomAirlines

FeaturesTwinaisleseating.18.5"standardseatwidthincoachina2+4+2arrangement,17.3"ina3+3+3arrangement,2"armrests,4"(atthecentersectionof2+4+2),standardaislewidthof21.5".Cabininteriorwidthat50"fromtheflooris223"(recentlyincreasedby1"),theinteriorcabinwidthisafull15"greaterthanthatoftheAirbusA330/A340andstillaboutafootwiderthanthenewerA350.Twoclassconfigurationof240seatsintwoclassdomesticwith46"firstclasspitchand34"coachclass.296paxinahighdensity2+4+2coacharrangementwith36"Businessand32"Coachpitch.Upto224-234inathreeclasswith61"PitchFirst(2+2+2or2+1+2),39"PitchBusiness(2+3+2or2+2+2)and32"Coach(2+4+2).Cruisespeed:0.85Mach(903km/hor561mphataltitude)Rangeof8,500nauticalmiles(15,700km),enoughtocovertheLosAngelestoHongKongorNewYorktoTokyoroutes.Constructionmaterials(byweight):50%composite,20%aluminum,15%titanium,10%steel,5%other.Compositematerialsaresignificantlylighterandstrongerthantraditionalaircraftmaterials,makingthe787averylightaircraftforitscapabilities.Byvolume,the787willbe80%composite.The787productionlinewillbeabletofinishanaircraftinaslittleasthreedays,comparedto11daysforthe737.Largerwindowsthananyothercivilairtransport(27cmby47cm),withahighereyelevel,sopassengerscanseethehorizon,withliquidcrystaldisplay(LCD)-based"auto-dimming"toreducecabinglareandmaintaintransparency.ThesearetobesuppliedbyPPG[44].Light-emittingdiode(LED)cabinlighting(threecolor)willbeusedinsteadoffluorescenttubes,allowingtheaircrafttobeentirely'bulbless'andhave128colorcombinations.AversionofEthernet–AvionicsFull-DuplexSwitchedEthernet(AFDX)/ARINC664--willbeusedtotransmitdatabetweentheflightdeckandaircraftsystems.LCDmulti-functiondisplaysontheflightdeck,allofwhichwilluseanindustrystandardGUI

widgettoolkit(CockpitDisplaySystemInterfacestoUserSystems/ARINC661)[45]

Bleedless

turbofans,allowingeliminationofsuperheatedairconduitsnormallyusedforde-icing,aircraftpower,andotherfunctions.Thesesystemsaretobereplacedwithanall-electricalsystem.Cabinairprovidedbyelectricallydrivencompressors(noenginebleedair).Higherhumidityinthepassengercabinbecauseoftheuseofcomposites(whichdonotcorrode).Theinternalpressurewillbeincreased,totheequivalentof6000feet(1800m)altitudeversus8000(2400m)onconventionalaircraft.Thiswillsignificantlyimprovepassengercomfort.Boeingisexperimentingwithseveralenginenoisereducingtechnologiesforthe787.Amongthesearearedesignedairinletcontainingsound-absorbingmaterialsandredesignedexhaustductcoverswhoserimistippedinatoothedpatterntoallowforquietermixingofexhaustandoutsideair.Boeingexpectsthesedevelopmentstomakethe787significantlyquieterbothinsideandoutsidethepassengercabin.Earlyconceptimagesofthe787includedrakishcockpitwindows,adroppednose,andadistinctive"shark-fin"verticalstabilizer.Thefinalstylingoftheaircraftwasmoreconservative,withthefinlessradicalthanonearlierimages,butthenoseandcockpitwindowswereretained.ThenoseisverysimilartothatoftheDornier328Jet.VariantsAirNewZealandwillbethelaunchcustomerfortheinitialstretchversion,the787-9.The787iscurrentlybeingofferedinthreevariants:The787-3willbea296seat(twoclass)short-rangeversiontargetedathighdensityflights,witharangeof3,500nauticalmiles(6,500km).EISis2010.Boeingistargetingthe787-3toreplacetheAirbusA300andA310,andBoeing757-300,767-200,and767-300.The787-3willhavenodirectcounterpartfromAirbus.The787-8willbethebaselinemodel,with223seatsinthreeclassesandarangeof8,500nauticalmiles(15,700km).EISis2008.Boeingistargetingthe787-8toreplacethe767-300ER.The787-8willhavenodirectcounterpartfromAirbus.The787-9willbeastretchedvariant,seating259inthreeclasses.ThetargetedEISissetat2010[46].Boeingistargetingthe787-9toreplacetheAirbusA330-200andA340-200,Boeing767-400ER,McDonnellDouglas

DC-10,andLockheed

L-1011.AirbusisofferingtheA350-800incompetition.Inaddition,Boeingisstudyingthe787-10,astretchedvariantseatingroughly300whichisintendedtocompetewiththeplannedAirbusA350-900.[3]The787-10wouldsupersedethe777-200Aand777-200ERinBoeing’scurrentlineup,andcouldalsobetargetedtoreplacetheAirbus

A330-300andA340-300,andMcDonnellDouglasMD-11.EmiratesAirlinesandQantashaveshowninterestinsuchvariantwhichwouldenterservicein2012.[4]ThisvarianthasnotyetbeenofficiallylaunchedbyBoeing,butMikeBair,headofthe787Program,hasalreadystatedthat“It'snotamatterofif,butwhenwearegoingtodoit...The787-10willbeastretchedversionofthe787-9andsacrificesomerangetoaddextraseatandcargocapacity”.[5]

Specifications787-3787-8787-9787-10757-300

(forcomparison)767-300ER

(forcomparison)767-400ER

(forcomparison)777-200ER

(forcomparison)Length:55.5m55.5m63m68.9m54.5m54.9m61.4m63.7mHeight:16.5m16.5m16.5m16.5m13.6m15.8m16.8m18.5mWingspan:51.6m58.8m60.0m60.0m38m47.6m51.9m60.9mCross

section:5.75m5.75m5.75m5.75m3.5m4.70m4.70m5.86mMTOW:163.5t216.5t244.9t244.9t123.6t186.9t204.1t297.6tSeats:290-330210-250250-290300-350243

twoclass218

threeclass245

threeclass301

threeclassCargo:16tons16tons16tons

?10tonsEngine:GE

GEnxor

RR

Trent1000GEGEnxor

RRTrent1000GEGEnxor

RRTrent1000GEGEnxor

RRTrent1X88-77RRRB211-535

orP&W

2037/40/43GECF6-80A2/C2or

P&WPW4062