初中英語從句全

實(shí)用文檔實(shí)用文檔文案大全文案大全名詞性從句分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。賓語從句1.語述問題跟隨陳述語序如：Theywanttoknowwherehewasborn./Whatiswrongwithyou?=whatisthematterwithyou?這個(gè)句子不變語序。/Ijustwanderwhatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited.2.時(shí)態(tài)(tense)/如果主語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定Shetellsmethatshewillcometomorrow.Shetellsmethatshewonthefirstprizeyesterday./主語為過去時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用相對(duì)應(yīng)的過去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.（過去將來時(shí)ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.（過去完成時(shí)）/從句為客觀真理、定義、公理、定理時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.連詞1.that:在句子中不作為成分的時(shí)候，可以省略。但是有些情況下that不能省略：?當(dāng)動(dòng)詞后，賓語從句不止一個(gè)時(shí)，第二個(gè)起that不能省略。Theyknow（that）hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.?當(dāng)that從句被短語或者詞組與謂語動(dòng)詞分開時(shí)不能省略。Inoticed，forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearinga

hat.It作形式賓語，that從句做真正賓語時(shí)Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略Iwanderthathefailed.(我很驚訝他失敗了).where和if之間的區(qū)別Idontknowhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.Idonknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek./介詞后面的賓語從句不能用if當(dāng)whether后面緊跟著ornot時(shí)只能用whether./在動(dòng)詞discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld..what引導(dǎo)Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移由think,believe,imagine,suppose等詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)候，要將賓語從句中的否定形式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中去。5.例句Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom表語從句.可以連接表語從句的系動(dòng)詞有be,look,feel,sound,seem,spear..that在表語從句中沒有任何意義，但是不能省略。Thereasonisthat..在表語從句中不能用if作為連詞。但是可以用whether和asif引導(dǎo)。Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.Itlooksasifitwouldrain.（使用了虛擬語氣）tis/wasbecause+原因Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.tis/waswhy+結(jié)果Itiswhyhewasfailed.6.特殊的表語從句Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.主語從句/主語從句中that不能省略。1.常用句型Itsapitythat.Itlskely/possiblethatItseems/happened/spearsthat..Itissaid/known/belieed/hopethat

2.例句ItsbelievethatGodcreatedthepeople.WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.同位語從句1.定義當(dāng)兩個(gè)指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置時(shí)，一個(gè)句子成分可被用來說明或解釋另一個(gè)句子，后者就叫前者的同位語。etyouandmegoforawalk.2.標(biāo)志詞Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,advice/HegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff./Ihavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.有時(shí)同位語從句可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞1隔開。3.連接詞1.that（不能?。㏕heideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.2.thetherHemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.3.疑問詞Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.其他從句還有定語從句（關(guān)鍵），狀語從句。定語從句：一、結(jié)構(gòu)先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句二、關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：that,which,who,whom,whose關(guān)系副詞：where（=in/on/atwhich）,why（=forwhich）,when（=in/onwhich）例句：.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom..Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom..ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.（介詞后必須加賓格并且不能省略）.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad..Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad..Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.總結(jié)：.whose+n和..,thenofwhich（指物）/whom（指人）以及，ofwhich/whomthen這三個(gè)句型可以相互轉(zhuǎn)換。三、只能用that不能用which的情況.既有人又有物：theteachersandtheschoolsthat..有不定代詞或者有不定代詞修飾時(shí)：Iwilltellyoueverythingthat.Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat..最高級(jí)修飾或者序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)：Themostbeautifulflowersthat.Thefirstmanthat.避免重復(fù)Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?WhichisthebookthatIlike?.有only/very/justthen修飾時(shí)Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy..先行詞充當(dāng)表語時(shí)Tomisntthebothatheusedtobe.（定語從句，先行詞boy在句子中作為表語）Tomisnwhatheusedtobe.（表語從句）四、只用which不能用that的情況.非限制性定語從句（用逗號(hào)隔開的一般是非限制性定語從句）Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit..介詞后用whichThereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew..避免重復(fù)Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.五、只用who不用that.先行詞為指人的代詞：those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,nooneThosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark..therebe中先行詞為人是只用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.六、特殊的關(guān)系詞as.as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時(shí)，一定充當(dāng)主語或賓語或者表語。Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.（定語從句不完整，as充當(dāng)賓語）Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.（從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整，這是狀語從句）.as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.Theearthisaround,asweallknow.Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.Asisoftenthecase,…..（情況往往是這樣的）Asisnatural,….（很自然的）這些短語可以用于議論文寫作。七、特殊句型先行詞充當(dāng)主語時(shí)，注意主謂一致。.thenumberofthepeoplewhoowncarsisincreasing..heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedexamination.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohaspassedexamination..ihavetwosisters,neitherofwhomareteachers.Ihavetwosistersandneitherofthemareteachers.Ihavetwosisters,neitherofthemteachers.4.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,whoseownerwasseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,it'sownerseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegardenandit’sownerwasseated.5.isthisthefactorythat/which/或者省略youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisit?Isthisthefactorywhereyouworked?Isthisthefactory,theonewhich/that/可以省略youvisited?Isthisthefactory,theonetowhichyoupaidavisited?Isthisthefactory,theonewhere/inwhichyouworked?6.thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.7.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichIdidit.Thisisthereasonthat/whichhetoldme.8.Ihatethewayinwhich/that/可以省略hespoketohisfather.（way句子中作狀語）That'sthewaywhich/that/可以省略youtoldme.（way句子中作賓語）Hegavemethewaywhich/thatisnotpractical.（way在從句中作主語）9.sheissocleveragirlthatshelearnseverythingquickly.Sheissocleveragirlaslearnseverythingquickly.狀語從句一、時(shí)間狀語從句When/while/as都可以跟持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞As/when/whileIwaswalkingdownthestreet,Imeetmyfriend.各個(gè)連詞的區(qū)別：when?從屬連詞，可以引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性或者短暫性動(dòng)詞，表明主句、從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者從句動(dòng)作在主句之前。WhenIlivedthere,Iusedtogototheseaside.（主從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）Whenthefilmended,peoplewenthome.（從句動(dòng)作在主句之前）并列連詞edoing.when.eabouttodo.When.Iwasdoinghomeworkwhenthelightwentoff.Iwasabouttojumpintotheriverwhenhestoppedme.表示原因、作“既然”的意思Howcouldyouexpecttolearnanythingwhenyoudidn’tlisteninclass.Itwasfoolishofyoutotakeataxiwhenyoucouldeasilywalktherein5minutes.2.while只引導(dǎo)持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Don’ttalktooaloudwhileothersareworking.并列連詞，作“而，卻”的意思HelikespopmusicwhileIamfondoffolkmusic.作“盡管，雖然”的意思WhileIadmitthereareproblems,Idon’tagreethattheycan’tbesolved.3.as主句從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或者交替發(fā)生，作“一邊。。。一邊。。。”，“隨著。。。的意思Astimegoeson,.Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindashewent.4.assoonas=themoment=theminute=theinstant=immediately=directly=instandlyI’lltellhimthenewsassoonashecomes..nosoonerthan=hardlyscarilybarelywhen倒裝句，主句用haddone過去完成時(shí)。Nosoonerhadhearrivedatthestationthanthetrainleft.他剛到火車站，火車就離開了。.notuntilHedidn’tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.=Notuntilhefinishedhishomeworkdidhegotobed.（倒裝句）=Itwasnotuntilhefinishedhishomeworkthathewenttobed.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）7.since“自從…以.來“從句是短暫性動(dòng)詞IthasbeentenyearssinceIgraduated.Itis3yearssincehesmoked.=Itis3yearssincehestoppedsmoking.（不抽煙已3年了）8.before“多久以后才。。。Theyhadwalked4daysbeforetheyarrived.“還沒來得及。。。就。。?！癟hehousehadfallendownbeforetheycouldrunout.“趁還沒有。。。就。。?！盬riteitdownbeforeyouforget.Itis/hasbeen+一段時(shí)間+sinceItwillbe/was+一段時(shí)間+before.thefirsttimeIlikethebookthefirsttimeIsawit..everytime=eachtimeIvisitedtheteachereverytimeIwenthome.二、地點(diǎn)狀語從句連詞：where、whereverYouarefreetogowhereveryoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.（有志者事竟成）三、原因狀語從句連詞：because：直接因果關(guān)系，語氣強(qiáng)，回答why問句。Since：既然位于主句前。As：由于，位于主句前或者后面For:位于主句后，表示補(bǔ)充說明或者推測(cè)原因。Sinceanyoneishere,let’sbegin.Asitisraining,wewillnotgoout.Itmustberainedlastnight,foritiswetallover.四、目的狀語從句連詞：sothat.一般放在主句后。Inorderthat..主句前或者后都可以，語氣更加正式。這兩個(gè)句型從句中往往有can/could/mightIwillspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.Inorderthatyoucanseethesunrise,westartedearly.Forfearthat.和incasethat類似，從句中