初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件

第第頁共26頁初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件在進(jìn)行初中的英語復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)需要準(zhǔn)備好相關(guān)的教案，那么應(yīng)該如何進(jìn)行英語的復(fù)習(xí)呢？下面是小編分享給大家的初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件，希望對大家有幫助?！究键c(diǎn)直擊】.動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；.動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；.非謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成及用法；.近義動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。【名師點(diǎn)睛】.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語時(shí)態(tài)用共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。（1）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。時(shí)間狀語：every…，sometimes,at…，onSundayleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.某些動(dòng)詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中可用來表示將來肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.(2)一般過去時(shí)的用法：表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況，通常一般過去式帶有表示動(dòng)作時(shí)間狀語的詞，詞組或從句,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lastweek,twodaysago等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】1）過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用usedto或would加動(dòng)詞原形來表達(dá)，例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.2）“used位”也可用于表示過去曾經(jīng)存在過的狀態(tài)。例如：Thisriverusedtobeclean.（3）一般將來時(shí)的用法1）表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.2）表示將來反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.3）表示將來的意愿，決心，許諾，命令等時(shí)常用will，征求對方意見，主語是第一人稱時(shí)，常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?4)be+going+動(dòng)詞不定式。也是一種將來時(shí)句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈隆amgoingtoBeijingnextweek.5)be+動(dòng)詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.6)beabout+動(dòng)詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.(4)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說話者說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，它注重現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，而不管動(dòng)作從什么時(shí)間開始，到什么時(shí)間結(jié)束。Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的'動(dòng)作(但說話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行)。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有arrive,come,leave,start等。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動(dòng)詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)①表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：be,have②表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。(5)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作。Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或者還有可能持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。Wehavelivedheresince1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響；一般過去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。試比較：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）（6）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。例如：IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是過去發(fā)生的事情，但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重表示過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的連續(xù)進(jìn)行，而一般過去時(shí)則表示單純的過去事實(shí)，例如：Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月正在建造，建造好與否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月建造好了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）（7）過去完成時(shí)的用法過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，過去完成時(shí)常和by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.（8）過去將來時(shí)的用法過去將來時(shí)表示從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在地狀態(tài)，過去將來時(shí)較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.2.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。（1）被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，某些短語動(dòng)詞如lookafter,thinkof,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。3)主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加“to”。此類動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞，如：feel,hear,help,listento,lookat,make,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如:Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).4)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：Thefoodtastesgood.3.非謂語動(dòng)詞對非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法；一些特殊動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)不帶to,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)就要帶to；有些動(dòng)詞既可接不定式也可接動(dòng)詞ing形式作賓語，但表達(dá)的意思不同。這些都是歷年中考的重點(diǎn)。（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。（2）不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.（3）不定式作目的狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.（4）用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如:see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel等，使役動(dòng)詞如：have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我看見了”這個(gè)事實(shí)）Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“我見他正干活”這個(gè)動(dòng)作)昨天我見他正在花園里干活。(5)用不帶to不定式的情況使役動(dòng)詞如：let,have,make等和感官動(dòng)詞如：see,watch,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。(6)接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同stoptodo停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing停止做某事。forgettodo忘記要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing忘記做過某事。(已做)remembertodo記得去做某事:(未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事(已做)trytodo努力，企圖做某事。trydoing試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。goontodo做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。goondoing繼續(xù)做原來做的事。meantodo打算、想meandoing意味著容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析say,speak,talk,tell的用法。say表示講話，作為及物動(dòng)詞使用，后跟賓語或賓語從句。Hesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.2)speak表示“講話”，一般作為不及物動(dòng)詞使用，而有時(shí)作為及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talk表示“談話”，是不及物動(dòng)詞，與to,about,with等連用，才可以接賓語。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.look,see,watch和watch的用法。100k強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常與at連用，然后接賓語。L00k!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.L00katthepicturecarefully.Cany0ufinds0methingunusual?see指“看見”某物，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是結(jié)果。Theycan'tseethew0rds0ntheblackb0ard.D0esLily0fteng0t0seeafilm0nSunday?watch指的是“觀看”，“注視”之意。ThetwinsarewatchingTVn0w.Hewillg0t0watchav0lleyballmatch.read指“看書”、“看報(bào)”、“閱讀”之意。D0n'treadinthesun.Iliket0readnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lend和keep的區(qū)別。borrow意思為“借入”，常常與from連用，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.bring,take,carry和get的用法。bring意思為“拿來”、“帶來”。指將某物或某人從別處“帶來”。Bringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take意思是“拿走”，“帶走”，把某物或某人從這里“帶來”或“拿到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?wear,puton和dress的區(qū)別wear是“穿著”“戴著”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽子、戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton是“穿上”“戴上”的意思，可以用于穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽等。著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress可以作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，有“穿著”“打扮”的意思。作“穿著”解時(shí)，只用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋、戴帽、戴手套。作為及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。dresssb.(給某人穿衣服)，而wear作“穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即wearsth.(穿著衣物)。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.take,spend和use的用法。take指做某事用多少時(shí)間，句型是：Ittakes/took/willtake+sb.+sometime+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.spend指某人在某事(物)上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?(7)reach,get和arrive的區(qū)別。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面要直接跟表示地點(diǎn)的名詞作賓語。Afterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.get是不及動(dòng)詞，常與to連用，再接名詞，后面接表示地點(diǎn)的副詞時(shí)，不用to,getto常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí)，用arriveat,到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.【實(shí)例解析】（2004年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題）I’minterestedinanimals,soI everySaturdayworkinginananimalhospital.A.payB.getC.takeD.spend答案：D。該題考查的是pay,get,takespend這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。在這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞中，只有spend常用于“spend…dingsth.”的句型里，所以選D。（2004年安徽省中考試題）ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom.It beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.mayD.should答案：A。該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示否定地推測通常用can't。（2004年江西省南昌市中考試題）Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.Oh,IamsorryI dinneratmyfriend’shouse.A.haveB.hadC.washavingD.havehad答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。他們談?wù)摰氖亲蛱焱砩夏骋粫r(shí)刻發(fā)生的事情，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。（2004年哈爾濱市中考試題）Howlonghaveyou themoteobike?Forabouttwoweeks.A.boughtB.hadC.borrowedD.lent答案：B。該題考查的是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別。這四個(gè)動(dòng)詞中只有had是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以同表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空Listen!Someofthegirls aboutHarryPotter.Let’sjointhem.A.aretalkingB.talkC.willtalkD.talkedOurteacher,MissChen, Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.A.teachesB.taughtC.willteachD.hadtaughtIdon’tthinkI youinthatdressbefore.A.haveseenB.wasseeingC.sawD.seeSusan’sparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool.It beveryexpensive.A.mustB.canC.mustn’tD.can’tCoffeeisready.Howniceit !Wouldyoulikesome?A.looksB.smellsC.soundsD.feels“Mr.Zhu,you’dbetter toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat“Don’talwaysmakeMichael thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.didSorry,Ican’thearyouclearly.Willyouplease yourE-mailaddress?I’llwriteitdown.A.reviewB.reciteC.reportD.repeatDon’t yourcoat,Tom!It’seasytocatchcoldinspring.A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takedownD.takeoutYou goandaskMeimei.She knowtheanswer.A.must;canB.must;mayC.need;canD.can;mayI’msorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It 10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.hasbeenleftIboughtanewdictionaryandit me30yuan.A.paidB.spentC.tookD.costMum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball? you yourhomeworkyet?A.Do;finishB.Are;finishingC.Did;finishingD.Have;finishedIhavetogonow.Pleaserememberto thelightswhenyouleave.A.turnoffB.turndownC.turnupD.turnonAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolnextweek.A.begivenB.hasbeengivenC.willbegivenD.willgiveLook!Howheavytherainis!You’dbetterA.don’tgonowB.stayherewhenitstopsC.notleaveuntilitstopsD.nottoleaveatonceYoumaygofishingifyourwork .A.isdoneB.willbedoneC.hasdoneD.havedoneCotton niceandsoft.A.isfeltB.isfeelingC.feelD.feelsWhocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?John .A.cleanedB.doesC.didD.isLindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning, ?No.Shegotuptoolate.A.hadsheB.hadn’tsheC.didsheD.didn’tshe二.閱讀短文，并用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。AMynameisWangBing.I’mfromChina.NowI___1 (study)atthisschool.I 2___(arrive)hereonJanuary8.Sincethen,I 3 (make)alotoffriends.AtschoolwespeakEnglishallthetime.Nextweek,somenewstudentsfromAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica 4 (come)toourschool.I’mverygladtoknowthisbecauseIenjoy 5 (meet)peoplefromothercountries.1.study/amstudying2.arrived3.havemade4.willcome5.meetingBSince1946,oneofthemostimportantinventionshasbeenthecomputer.Ithasbeenchangingallourlives.Thefirstcomputer 1___(build)in1946.It 2 (be)aslargeasaroomandverydifficultandslow 3 (use).Butsincetheinventionofsilicon“chip”(硅片)，computers4(become)smaller,easierandfastertooperate.Somecomputers 5 (be)assmallasTVsets.Somecaneven 6___(make)smallerthanabook.Andcomputers 7 (get)smallerandsmallerallthetime.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrow 8___(be)like?There 9___(be)severalreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,alotofinformationcan 10 (put)intocomputer.Second,thecomputerworksveryquicklythousandsoftimesfasterthanamananditwillnotbetired.Third,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,carsandplanes.Sotodaypeoplecanspendlesstimedoingmoreworkwithacomputer.三.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersout (ride)thewaves.Whatdoyouusethekeyfor?Itis (use)formakingtherobotwork.Nonews (be)goodnews.I’msureJaneisstillallright.Areyoufeelingbetterthesedays?Yes,muchbetter.I aswellasthesedaysforalongtime.It (rain)heavily,you’dbetternotgooutnow.ThecityofXian (become)cleanerandcleaner.Theboysenjoy (see)fightfilmsverymuch.Helefttheroomwithout (say)goodbye.Rice (grow)inthesouthofChina.Manytrees (plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears.四.用方框中所給的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組的適當(dāng)形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組只能用一