初中英語復(fù)習(xí)總教案

初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料（1）名詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練一、名詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的用法；名詞所有格的構(gòu)成及用法；近義名詞的辨析。【名師點(diǎn)睛】一、名詞的數(shù)1．單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式后加詞尾“-s”構(gòu)成，其主要變法如下：（1）一般情況在詞尾加-s，例如：book→books，girl→girls，boy→boys，pen→pens,doctor→doctors,boy→boys。sxcsh-ebus→busesbox→boxes，watch→watches，brush→brushes。ce,se,ze,（d）ges，例如：orange—oranges。y結(jié)尾的詞變“y”為“i”再加-es,例如：city→cities,factory→factories,country→countriesfamily→families。但要注意的是以ysday→dayso結(jié)尾的詞多數(shù)都加-es。例如:hero→heroes，potato→potatoes，但詞末為兩個(gè)元音字母的詞只加-s。例如：zoo→zoos，radio→radios，還有某些外來詞也只加-s，例如：photo→photos，piano→pianos。ffefv再加-esknife→kniveshalf→halve。s（es）s（es）的讀音方法情 況 讀法 例 在[p][t][k][f]等清輔音后 [s] cups,hats,cakes在[s][z][t][ ][F]等音

[iz]

glasses,pages,oranges,buses,watches,faces在[b][d][ ][v]等濁輔音后 [z] beds,dogs,cities,knives少數(shù)名詞有不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：man→men，woman→women，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，child→children，mouse→mice?！咀⒁狻颗cman和woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也-men和-women。例如：anEnglishman，twoEnglishmen。但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germanman,woman等作定語時(shí)它的單復(fù)數(shù)以其所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定如：men workers，womenteachers。有個(gè)別名詞單復(fù)數(shù)一樣，例如：Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish等。但當(dāng)fish表示不同種類的魚時(shí)，可以加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾。單數(shù)形式但其意為復(fù)數(shù)的名詞有：people,police等。數(shù)詞+ten-minutes’walk,an8-year-oldgirl,aten-milewalk。還有些名詞僅有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：trousers，clothes，chopsticks，glasses，goods，ashes，scissors，compasses?？茖W(xué)名詞：physics,mathematics/maths游戲名稱：bowls專有名詞：theUnitedStates,NiagaraFalls其他名詞：news,falls2．不可數(shù)名詞“量”在英語中，不可數(shù)名詞如果要表示“量”的概念，可以用以下兩種方法：much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,anyTherichmanhasalotofmoney．Thereissomemilkinthebottle．Isthereanywaterintheglass？Idon'tlikewinterbecausethere'stoomuchsnowandice．a(chǎn)pieceof這類定語，例如：apieceofpaperapieceofwoodapieceofbreadabottleoforangeaglassofwater（milk）acupofteaacupofteaabagofricethreebagsofrice如果要表示“兩杯茶”、“四張紙”這類概念時(shí)，在容器后加復(fù)數(shù)，例如：twocupsofteafourpiecesofthreeglassesofwateralotof,lotsof,some,any,much二、名詞的所有格名詞所有格，用來表示人或物的所有，以及領(lǐng)屬關(guān)系。 's,s'student'sroom,students'rooms,father'sshoes。s的復(fù)數(shù)形式仍加's，如：Children'sDay。 例如：atwentyminutes'walk，tenmiles'journey，aboat'slength，twopounds'weight,tendollars'worth。 of結(jié)構(gòu)，例如：amapofChina，theendofterm，thecapitalofourcountry,thecoloroftheflowers。雙重所有格，例如：afriendofmyfather's?！咀⒁狻俊胺謩e有andMary's約翰和瑪麗各有一間，共兩間andMary's行車）。“共有andMary's翰和瑪麗共有一間）；TomandMary'smother（TomMary是兄妹）?！緦?shí)例解析】1.（2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題）These havesavedmanychildren’slives.A.womandoctors B.womendoctorC.womendoctors D.womandoctor答案：C。該題考查的是名詞作定語時(shí)的變化。woman作定語時(shí)要和被修飾的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。(2004年河北省中考試題)Thisis bedroom.Thetwinsisterslikeitverymuch.AnneandJane B.Anne’sandJane’sC.Anne’sandJane D.AnneandJane’s答案：D。該題考查的是并列名詞的所有格。兩人共有一個(gè)房間時(shí)，只在后面的名詞后加’s。(2004年吉林省中考試題)Arethereany onthefarm?Yes,therearesome.horse B.duck C.chicken D.sheep答案：D。該題考查的是特殊名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。從謂語動(dòng)詞來判斷，主語應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)名詞。只有sheep可用作復(fù)數(shù)名詞。(2004年佛ft市中考試題)Whatwouldyouliketodrink, ororange?Orange,please.hamburger B.chip C.tea答案：C。該題考查的是名詞的類別。三種東西中只有tea能喝。【中考演練】一.單項(xiàng)填空1．Wherehaveyoubeen,Tim?I’vebeento .A.theHenryhouse B.theHenryfamilyC.TheHenry’shome D.Henry’sInEngland,if isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.food B.lunch C.breakfast D.dinnerYoulookedforittwice,butyouhaven’tfoundit.Whynottry .threetimes B.athirdtime C.thethirdtime D.4．Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem ?Certainly.A.somebottlesofwaters B.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwater D.somebottleofwaters5．Mikehurtoneofhis intheaccidentyesterday.A.tooth B.feet C.hand D.ear6．Thereissome ontheA.cakes B.meat C.potato D.pears7．InEngland,thelastnameisthe A.familyname B.middle C.givenname D.full8．Thearegoingtofly toBeijing.A.Germen B.Germany C.Germanys D.9．The hastwo .A.boys;watches B.boy;watch C.boy;watches D.boys;watchThelittlebabyhastwo already.A.tooth B.tooths C.teeth D.teeths11．What’syour forbeinglateagain?A.idea B.key C.excuse D.news12．It’sdangeroushere.We’dbettergooutquickly.ButIthinkweshouldlet gooutfirst.A.womanandchildren B.womenandchildC.womanandchild D.womenandchildren13．YoucanseeMr.Smithifthereisasign“ ”onthedoorofhisshop.Thanks.A.ENTRANCE B.BUSINESSC.THISSIDEUP D.NOSMOKINGAretheygoingtohaveapicnicon ?A.Children’sDay B.Childrens’sDayC.ChildrensDay D.ChildrenDay15．Wherearethestudents?Aretheyin A.theRoom406 B.Room406 C.the406Room D.406Room二二.根據(jù)下列句子的情景及所給漢語注釋，寫出所缺單詞。We’vegotalotofnew 雜志)inourschoollibrary.Pleaseturntoanother （頻道）Idon’tlikethisshow.Yesterdaythe 航班)toLondonwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather..4.Autumnismyfavourite (季節(jié))Howmany (小刀)doyouhave?Three. arewidelyusedinthemodernworld.June1stis 兒童)Day.Mary,wouldyoupleasetellmeyournew ( 地址)sothatIcanwriteyou.Doesthispieceof (音樂)soundnice?Yes.It’swonderful!May12thistheInternational 護(hù)士DayLet’ssayThankstothemfortheirwork.三.根據(jù)句意和所給首字母寫出所缺的單詞?！癢hat’syourn “LiLei.”Howmanyd doesyourunclehave?Pleaseclosethew .It’scoldoutside.IfyouwantstudyEnglishwell,youmustpayattentiontoyourp .Acomputerisoneofthegreatesti intheworld.ZhangHuiisveryexcited.HewillgotoJapanwithhisp duringtheSpringFestival.Atthea ofseven,thelonelygirlhadtoworktomakeliving.It’sonlyaboutanh flightfromQingdaotoBeijingbyair.Healthismoreimportanttomethanm .Becareful!It’sd torunacrossthestreetnow.【練習(xí)答案】一．1.D2.B3.B4.B5.B6.B7.A8.D9.C10.C11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B二．1.magazines2.Channel3.flight 4.season 5.knives 6.Computers 7.Children’s 8.address 9.music10.Nurses’三．1.name2.daughters3.window 4.pronunciation 5.inventions 6.parents7.age8.hour’s9.money10.dangerous初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料（2）形容詞、副詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練二、形容詞和副詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】形容詞的用法；副詞的用法；形容詞和副詞原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的用法；形容詞和副詞在句中的區(qū)別和位置。【名師點(diǎn)睛】形容詞的用法形容詞在句中作定語,表語,Ourcountryisabeautifulcountry.（作定語）Thefishwentbad. （作表語）Wekeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.（作賓語補(bǔ)足語） 形容詞修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞時(shí),放在名詞后面。Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.Isthereanythinginterestinginthefilm.用and或or連接起來的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語時(shí)一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面。起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。Everybody,manandwoman,oldandyoung,shouldattendthemeeting.Youcantakeanyboxaway,bigorsmall.the＋形容詞表示一類人或物Therichshouldhelpthepoor.副詞的用法 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語Hestudiesveryhard. （作狀語）Lifehereisfullofjoy. （作定語）Whenwillyoubeback?（作表語）副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類：時(shí)間副詞時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有： nowtoday,tomorrow,yesterday,before,late,early,never,seldom,sometimes,often,usually,always等。例如：Heoftencomestoschoollate.Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?HeisneverbeentoBeijing.地點(diǎn)副詞here,inside,outside,home,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere,down,up,off,on,in,out等。例如：Imetanoldfriendofmineonmywayhome.Hewentupstairs.Putdownyournamehere.方式副詞方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類問題的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的,-ly,它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有：anxiously,badly,bravely,calmly,carefully,rapidly,suddenly,successfully,angrily,happily,slowly,warmly,well,fast,slow,quick,hard,alone,high,straight,wide等。例如：Theoldmanwalkedhomeslowly.Pleaselistentotheteachercarefully.Thebirdsareflyinghigh.Herunsveryfast.程度副詞程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much,(a)little,abit,very,so,too,enough,quite,rather,pretty,greatly,completely,nearly,almost,deeply,hardly,partly等。例如：Herpronunciationisverygood.Shesingsquitewell.Icanhardlyagreewithyou.where,why等。例如：Howareyougettingalongwithyourstudies?Wherewereyouyesterday?Whydidyoudothat?(2)副詞在句中的位置例如：MrSmithworksveryhard.ShespeaksEnglishwell.be動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Heusuallygetsupearly.I’veneverheardhimsinging.Sheisseldomill.,但enough時(shí)，通常放在被修飾詞的后面。例如：Itisaratherdifficultjob.Herunsveryfast.Hedidn’tworkhardenough.Onmywayhome,Imetmyuncle.Thestudentstherehavealottimetodotheirownresearchwork.(3)部分常用副詞的用法very,much這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很Verymuch用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如：SheisaverynicegirlI’mfeelingmuchbetternow.Much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如：Idon’tliketheideamuch.Theydidnottalkmuch.too,either這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”too用于肯定句，either例如：Shecandance,andIcandance,too.Ihaven’treadthebookandmybrotherhasn’teither.already,yetalready一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如：Hehasalreadyleft.Haveyouheardfromhimyet?Hehasn’tansweredyet.so,neithersoneitherso表示肯定，neither例如：MybrotherlikesfootballandsodoI.Mybrotherdoesn’tlikedancingandneitherdoI.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物級(jí)。Ourteacheristallerthanweare.Theboysinherclassaretallerthantheboysinyourclass.most同形容詞連用而不用the,表示極,很,非常,十分。It'smostdangeroustobehere.在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。"The+形容詞比較級(jí)the+形容詞比較級(jí)..."表示"越...就越..."。Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow."形容詞比較級(jí)+and+形容詞比較級(jí)",表示"越來越..."It'sgettinghotterandhotter.主語+謂語(系動(dòng)詞)+as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對(duì)比相同。Thisboxisasbigasmine.the+形容詞表示某種人。Healwayshelpsthepoor.形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.【實(shí)例解析】(2004年北京市中考試題)Whichis ,thesun,themoonortheearth?Ofcoursethemoonis.small B.smaller C.smallest D.thesmallestthe。所以D。(2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題)Hehasmade progressthistermthanbefore.little B.less C.fewer D.much答案less,fewer。(2004年江西省中考試題)Whatdeliciouscakes!Theywouldtaste withbutter.good B.better C.bad D.worse答案：B“如果加上點(diǎn)黃油，這些蛋糕會(huì)更好吃?！边@里就有一種比較：加黃油和不加黃油。既然C,Dbetter。(2004年河北省中考試題)Bobneverdoeshishomework Mary.Hemakeslotsofmistakes.socarefulas B.ascarefullyas C.carefullyas D.ascarefulas“家庭作業(yè)”“notas+原級(jí)+as”?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空Therearemanyyoungtreeson sidesoftheroad.A.every B.each C.both D.2．It’ssocoldtoday.Yes,it’sthanitwasyesterday.A.morecoldB.morecolderC.muchcolderD.cold3．LittleTomhasfriends,soheoftenplaysalone.A.moreB.alittle C.manyD.few4．Sheisn’tsoatmathsasyouare.A.wellB.good C.betterD.bestPeterwrites ofthethree.A.better B.best C.good D.6．Heis enoughtocarrytheheavybox.A.stronger B.muchstronger C.strong D.thestrongestbought exercise-bookswith money.A.afew;afew B.afew;alittleC.alittle;afew D.alittle;a8．Theboxis heavyforthegirl carry.A.too;to B.to;too C.so;that D.no;to9．Theiceinthelakeisaboutonemeter .It’sstrongenoughtoskateon.A.long B.high C.thick D.wide10．WuLinran fasterthantheotherboysinthesportsA.so B.much C.very D.tooJonelooksso todaybecauseshehasgotan“A”inhermathstest.happy B.happily C.angry D.angrilyThesmileonmyfather’sfaceshowedthathewas withme.sad B.pleased C.angry D.sorryMum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis?Certainly,wecanbuy onethanthis,but this.abetter;betterthan B.aworse;asgoodasC.acheaper;asgoodas D.amoreimportant;goodasThisdigitalcameraisreallycheap!The thebetter.I’mshortofmoney,yousee.cheap B.cheaper C.expensive D.moreexpensiveIfyouwanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustuseitas aspossible.often B.long C.hard D.soonPaulhas friendsexceptme,andsometimeshefeelslonely.many B.some C.few D.moreEnglishpeople useMr.Beforeaman’sfirstname.never B.usually C.often D.sometimesOnemoresatellitewassentupintospaceinChinainMay.Right.Thegovernmentspoke that.highlyfor B.highofC.wellof D.highlyofRememberthis,children. carefulyouare, mistakesyoumake.Weknow,MissGao.Themore;themore B.Thefewer;themoreC.Themore;thefewer D.Theless;thelessIhave todotoday.anythingimportant B.somethingimportantC.importantnothing D.importantsomething二.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Mypursewasstolenonthebusyesterday. (Fortunate),therewasnomoneyinit.Mobilephonesare (wide)usedinmostofthecitiesinChina.Heputonhiscoatandwentout (quick).Sheis (good)thanLiPingatswimming.AlotChinesepeopleare (pride)ofYaoMing,afamousbasketballstarNBA.Tooursurprise,hesuddenlyreturnedonacold (snow)night.Allieaskedme (polite)toputthethingsaway.It’ssnowinghard.Youmustdrive (careful).Theearthweliveonis (big)thanthemoon.Hainanisaverylargeisland.It’sthesecond (large)islandinChina.三.用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞填空(首字母已給出)Alargenumberofmouthsmustbefedinthoselessd countries.ThateveningBeethovenplayedthemusicforthegirlaswellasu .Hawaiiisf itsbeautifulbeaches. Heoftentakesana partinthesportsmeetingandhecangetveryresultseachtime.Theperformancewassow thateveryonegavealongandloudapplause(鼓掌).JiefangRoadistheb streetinourcity.Shelaya forhoursthinkingoverherbusiness.Ilikeballgamesverymuch,butmyf sportisplayingbasketball.Theboyistool .Hedoesn’twanttodoanything.Thedictionaryisveryu .Itwillhelpyoualot.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.C2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.B8.A9.C10.B11.A12.B13.C14.B16.C17.A18.D19.C20.B二.1.Fud6.snowy7.politely8.carefully9.bigger10.largest三.1.developed2.usual3.famous4.active5.wonderful6.busiest7.awake8.favourite 9.lazy10.useful初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料（3）動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)集匯、講解和訓(xùn)練三、動(dòng)詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】動(dòng)詞的八種時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成及用法；非謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成及用法；近義動(dòng)詞的用法區(qū)別?！久麕燑c(diǎn)睛】動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)英語時(shí)態(tài)用共有十六種時(shí)態(tài)，其中常用的有8種，它們是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)間狀語：every…,sometimes, at…,onSundayIleavehomeforschoolat7everymorning.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.表示格言或警句中。Pridegoesbeforeafall.【注意】此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時(shí)，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例：Columbusprovedthattheearthisround..現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。Idon'twantsomuch.某些動(dòng)詞如come,go,move,stop,leave,arrive,be,finish,continue,start等，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)句中可用來表示將來肯定會(huì)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thetraincomesat3o'clock.在時(shí)間狀語從句或條件狀語從句中，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。I'llhelpyouassoonasyouhaveproblem.TellXiaoLiaboutitifyoumeethim.一般過去時(shí)的用法：,如yesterday,thedaybeforelast,lasttwodaysago等,上下文清楚時(shí)可以不帶時(shí)間狀語。Iworkedinthatfactorylastyear.【注意】過去經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可用usedto或would例如：IusedtogofishingonSundays.“usedtoThisriverusedtobeclean.一般將來時(shí)的用法表示將來的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：Ishallattendthemeetingtomorrow.HewillgotoseehismothereverySaturdays.will是第一人稱時(shí)，常用shall。Iwilldomybesttocatchupwiththem.ShallIopenthedoor?4）be+going+動(dòng)詞不定式。也是一種將來時(shí)句型，表示打算，計(jì)劃，最近或?qū)硪鞯哪呈?。IamgoingtoBeijingnextweek.5）be+動(dòng)詞不定式。表示有職責(zé)，義務(wù)，可能，約定，意圖等。Thereistobeameetingthisafternoon.Wearetomeettheguestsatthestation.6）beabout+動(dòng)詞不定式，表示馬上，很快作某事。Theyareabouttoleave.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示說話者說話時(shí)正在發(fā)生或者進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，它注重Whatareyoudoingnow?Iamlookingformykey.（但說話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作不一定在進(jìn)行）。Thestudentsarepreparingfortheexamination.某些動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，這些動(dòng)詞有come,leave,start等。TheyaregoingtoHongKongtomorrow.【注意】有些動(dòng)詞一般不可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)①表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，尤其是靜態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：be,have②表示認(rèn)識(shí)、知覺和情感的動(dòng)詞，如：know,think,hear,find,see,like,want,wish,prefer等。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在說話之前已經(jīng)完成或剛完成的動(dòng)作。Ihaveboughtaten-speedbicycle.Theyhavecleanedtheclassroom.作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與for和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。Wehavelivedheresince1976.Theyhavewaitedformorethantwohours.【注意】一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別常與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。試比較：Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了，不涉及現(xiàn)在）Ihaveseenthisfilm. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法表示過去某時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作。例如：IwaswatchingTVwhenshecametoseeme.【注意】表示單純的過去事實(shí)，例如：Theywerebuildingahouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月正在建造，建造好與否不知）Theybuiltanewhouselastmonth.（上個(gè)月建造好了，動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成）過去完成時(shí)的用法by,before等詞組成的短語和從句連用。Wehadalreadylearnedtwothousandswordsbytheendoflastyear.Whenwearrivedatthestation,theyhadwaitedformorethantwentyminutes.過去將來時(shí)的用法時(shí)較多地被運(yùn)用在賓語從句中。例如：Theyweregoingtohaveameeting.ItoldhimthatIwouldseehimoffatthestation.動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)語態(tài)有兩種：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)最基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)是：be及物動(dòng)詞過去分詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)中的謂語動(dòng)詞一定要是及物動(dòng)詞lookafter,of,takecareof,workout,laughat等，也可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thechildrenweretakengoodcareofbyher.【注意】短語動(dòng)詞中的介詞或副詞變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不可遺漏。主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)要加“to”的情況若賓語補(bǔ)足語是不帶to的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，該不定式前要加"to"hear,help,listento,lookmake,observe,see,notice,watch等。例如：Theteachermademegooutoftheclassroom.Iwasmadetogooutoftheclassroom(bytheteacher).主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義如wash,clean,look,cut,sell,read,wear,feel,draw,write,sell等動(dòng)詞雖然用做主動(dòng)形式卻表示被動(dòng)的意義。例如：Thefoodtastesgood.非謂語動(dòng)詞對(duì)非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn)是：感官動(dòng)詞后不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語和動(dòng)詞ing形式作to被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)就要帶ing非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式非謂語動(dòng)詞指的是在句中起名詞，形容詞或副詞作用的動(dòng)詞形式，而不是作謂語的動(dòng)詞形式。動(dòng)詞的非謂語形式分為動(dòng)名詞，分詞，動(dòng)詞不定式。不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.不定式作目的狀語Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.用不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)足語都可以的動(dòng)詞這樣的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞如：see,hear,look,notice,observe,feel役動(dòng)詞如：have,make,leave,keep,get等。接不定式表示動(dòng)作的完整性，真實(shí)性；+doing表示動(dòng)作的連續(xù)性，進(jìn)行性。Isawhimworkinthegardenyesterday.昨天我看見他在花園里干活了。(強(qiáng)調(diào)"我看見了"這個(gè)事實(shí))Isawhimworkinginthegardenyesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)"我見他正干活"這個(gè)動(dòng)作）昨天我見他正在花園里干活。用不帶to不定式的情況使役動(dòng)詞如：let,have,make等和感官動(dòng)詞如：see,watch,hear,to,smell,feel,find等后作賓補(bǔ)，省略to。在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。接動(dòng)名詞與不定式意義不同stoptodo 停止，中斷做某事后去做另一件事。stopdoing 停止做某事。forgettodo 忘記要去做某事。(未做)forgetdoing 忘記做過某事。 (已做remembertodo記得去做某事 (未做rememberdoing 記得做過某事 (已做)trytodo 努力，企圖做某事。trydoing 試驗(yàn)，試著做某事。goontodo 做了一件事后，接著做另一件事。goondoing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事。meantodo 打算、想meandoing 意味著容易混淆的常用動(dòng)詞的辨析say,speak,talk,tell的用法。sayHesaidhewouldgothere.It'stimetoleave.Wehavetosaygoodbyetoyou.speak后面跟上各種語言作為賓語。DoyouspeakEnglish?MayIspeaktoMrPope,please?talkto,about,with賓語。Whatareyoutalkingabout?MrJacksonistalkingwithmyfatherintheofficenow.tell表示“告訴，講述”是及物動(dòng)詞，可以帶雙賓語或復(fù)合賓語。Shetoldusaninterestingstoryyesterday.MyteachertoldmethatwewouldhaveanEnglishexamthenextmonth.look,see,watchwatch的用法。lookatLook!Thegirlisswimminginthelake.Lookatthepicturecarefully.Canyoufindsomethingunusual?seeTheycan'tseethewordsontheblackboard.DoesLilyoftengotoseeafilmonSunday?watchThetwinsarewatchingTVnow.Hewillgotowatchavolleyballmatch.4）readDon'treadinthesun.IliketoreadnewspaperswhenIamfree.borrow,lendkeep的區(qū)別。borrowfrom間即能完成的動(dòng)作。Meimeiborrowedabookfromthelibraryjustnow.MayIborrowyourdictionary?lend是“借出”之意，常常與to連用，同borrow一樣，是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，只表示瞬間即能完成的動(dòng)作。UncleWanyhaslenthiscartoMrLi.Couldyoulendusyourradio,please?keep是“保存”的意思，動(dòng)作可以延續(xù)。Howlongcantherecorderbekept?Thefarmerkeptthepatfortwoweeks.bring,take,carryget的用法。bringBringmethebook,please.MayIbringJimtoseeyounextSaturday?take到”某處之意。Itlookslikerain.Takearaincoatwithyou.Mothertookthelittlegirltothenextroom.carry是“帶著、搬運(yùn)、攜帶”的意思，指隨身攜帶，有背著、扛著、抱著、提著的含義，不表明來去的方向。Doyoualwayscarryahandbag?Theboxisheavy.Canyoucarryit?get是去某處將某物拿回來。Pleasegotomyofficetogetsomechalk.Thereisnowaterinthebottle.Whynotgetsome?wear,putondress的區(qū)別wear戴手套、佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿著”的狀態(tài)。Tomalwayswearsblackshoes.Hewearsaraincoatevenwhenitisfine.Shedoesn'tliketoweararedflowersinherhair.puton著重于穿戴的動(dòng)作。It'scold.You'dbetterputonyourcoat.Heputonhishatandwentoutoftheroom.dress動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，它的賓語是人，不是衣服。dresssb.（給某人穿衣服，而wear作“穿著”用時(shí)，也是及物動(dòng)詞，但它的賓語是物，不是人，即wearsth.（穿著衣物。Shealwaysdresseswell.Getupanddressquickly.Maryisdressingherchild.take,spenduse的用法。taketakes/took/willtake+sb.time+todosth.Ittookmethreedaystofinishthework.Itwilltakeyouawhileweektotravelthoughttheforest.IttakesonlyonehourtoflytoShanghai.spend指某人在某事（物）上花費(fèi)時(shí)間或錢。句型是：Someonespends+money/time+onsomething(in)doingsth.Shespentmorethan500yuanonthatcoat.Hedidn'tspendmuchtimeonhislessons.Hespentmuchtime(in)correctingstudents'exercises.Motherspentherevenings(in)washingclothes.use表示使用工具、手段等。Doyouknowhowtousethecomputer?Shallweuseyourcar?reach,getarrive的區(qū)別。reachAfterthetrainhadleft,theyreachedthestationWereachedthetopofthemountainatlast.gettoto，getto常用于口語中。Whenthestudentsgottothecinema,thefilmhadbegun.Mysisterwascookingwhenmothergothome.arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，表示到達(dá)一個(gè)小地方時(shí)，用arriveat,到達(dá)一個(gè)大地方時(shí)用arrivein。ThesoldiersarrivedatasmallvillageTheforeignerswillarriveinShanghaitomorrow.【實(shí)例解析】(2004年北京海淀區(qū)中考試題）minterestedinanimals,soI everySaturdayworkinginanhospital.pay B.get C.take D.spendpay,get,takespendspend“spend…dingsth.”D。(2004年安徽省中考試題)ListenHelenissinginginthenextroom.It beHelen.ShehasgonetoBeijing.can’t B.mustn’t C.may D.should答案：A。該題考查的是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。表示否定地推測(cè)通常用can’t。(2004年江西省南昌市中考試題)Icalledyouyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.Oh,IamsorryI dinneratmyhouse.have B.had C.washaving D.havehad答案：C。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。他們談?wù)摰氖亲蛱焱砩夏骋粫r(shí)刻發(fā)生的事情，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。(2004年哈爾濱市中考試題)Howlonghaveyou themoteobike?Forabouttwoweeks.bought B.had C.borrowed D.lent中只有had是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，它的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以同表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項(xiàng)填空Listen!Someofthegirls aboutHarryPotter.jointhem.aretalking B.talkC.willtalk D.talkedOurteacher,MissChen, Englishontheradiothedayboreyesterday.teaches B.taughtC.willteach D.hadtaughtIthinkI youinthatdressbefore.haveseen B.wasseeingC.saw D.seeSusanparentshaveboughtalargehousewithaswimmingpool. It veryexpensive.must B.can C.mustn’t D.Coffeeisready.Howniceit !Wouldyoulikesome?looks B.smells C.sounds D.feels“Mr.Zhu,better toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverthedoctor.nottoeat B.toeat C.noteat D.eatalwaysmakeMichael thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear,”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.do B.todo C.does D.didSorry,Ihearyouclearly.Willyouplease yourE-mailaddress?writeitdown.review B.recite C.report D.repeatDon’t yourcoat,Tom!easytocatchcoldinspring.takeaway B.takeoff C.takedown D.takeoutYou goandaskMeimei.She knowtheanswer.must;can B.must;may C.need;can D.can;maysorryyou’vemissedthetrain.It 10minutesago.left B.hasleft C.hadleft D.hasbeenleftIboughtanewdictionaryandit me30yuan.paid B.spent C.took D.costMum,mayIgooutandplaybasketball? you yourhomeworkyet?Do;finish B.Are;finishing C.Did;finishing D.Have;finishedIhavetogonow.Pleaserememberto thelightswhenyouleave.turnoff B.turndown C.turnup D.turnonAtalkonChinesehistory intheschoolnextweek.begiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.willgiveLook!Howheavytherainis!better .don’tgonow B.stayherewhenitstopsC.notleaveuntilitstops D.nottoleaveatonceYoumaygofishingifyourwork .isdone B.willbedone C.hasdone D.havedoneCotton niceandsoft.isfelt B.isfeeling C.feel D.feelsWhocleanedtheblackboardyesterday,Dick?John .cleaned B.does C.did D.isLindahadnothingforbreakfastthismorning, ?No.Shegotuptoolate.hadshe B.hadn’tshe C.didshe D.didn’tshe二.閱讀短文，并用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。AMynameisWangBing.fromChina.NowI 1 (study)atthisschool.I 2 (arrive)hereonJanuary8.Sincethen,I 3 (make)alotoffriends.AtschoolwespeakEnglishallthetime.Nextweek,somenewstudentsfromAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica 4 (come)toourschool.I’mverygladtoknowbecauseIenjoy 5 (meet)peoplefromothercountries.1.study/amstudying2.arrived3.havemade4.willcome5.meetingBSince1946,oneofthemostimportant inventionshasbeenthecomputer. Itbeenchangingallourlives.Thefirstcomputer 1 (build)in1946.It 2 (be)aslargeasaroomandverydifficultandslow 3 (use).Butsincetheinventionofsiliconchi（硅片computers 4 (become)smaller,easierandfastertoSomecomputers 5 (be)assmallasTVsets.Somecaneven 6 (make)smallerthanabook.Andcomputers 7 (get)smallerandsmallerallthetime.Whoknowswhatthecomputersoftomorrow 8 (be)like?There 9 (be)severalreasonswhythecomputerisusefultous.First,alotofinformationcan 10 (put)intocomputer.Second,thecomputerworksquicklythousandsoftimesfasterthanamananditwillnotbetired.Third,moderncomputerscanbebuiltintootherkindsofmachines,likeradios,carsandplanes.Sotodaypeoplecanspendlesstimedoingmoreworkwithacomputer.三.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Nomatterwhattheweatherislike,youcanalwaysfindsurfersout (ride)thewaves.Whatdoyouusethekeyfor?Itis (use)formakingtherobotwork.Nonews (be)goodnews.I’msureJaneisstillallright.Areyoufeelingbetterthesedays?Yes,muchbetter.I aswellasthesedaysforalongtime.It (rain)heavily,betternotgooutnow.ThecityofXian (become)cleanerandcleaner.Theboysenjoy (see)fightfilmsverymuch.Helefttheroomwithout (say)goodbye.Rice (grow)inthesouthofChina.Manytrees (plant)inourschoolyardtheseyears.四.用方框中所給的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組的適當(dāng)形式填入下列句子里，使其意思通順，每個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組只能用一次Allow,fall,notbe,phone,receive,show,sendfor,payfor,beusedfor,turnitoff,keeponAllow,fall,notbe,phone,receive,show,sendfor,payfor,beusedfor,turnitoff,keeponItratherhottoday,buttheweatherreportsaysthetemperature totomorrow.“Remember,nobody toeatordrinkinthecomputerroom,”theassistantsaidtothenewstudents.Hi,Mike!I yourinvitation.Teontime.ThistimeyesterdayI theforeignersaroundtheancientchurch.Myunclephonedthebookingofficeoftheairline,andhewastoldthere anyflightstoSingaporeinthefollowingthreedaysbecauseofthebadweather.Don’tloseheartand trying.Don’twatchtoolate.Please andgotobedrightnow.Computersareuseful.Theycan sendingE-mail.Ifyou’velostthisbook,youhaveto it.Bothofhisfeetwerehurtintheaccident. adoctor,please.【練習(xí)答案】一.1.A2.B3.A4.A5.B6.C7.A8.D9.B10.D11.A12.D13.D14.A15.C16.C17.A18.D19.C20.C二.1.wasbuilt2.was3.touse4.havebecome5.are6.bemade7.aregetting8.willbe9.are10.beput三.1.riding2.used3.is4.havenotfelt5.israining6.isbecoming7.seeing8.sayig9.isgrown10.havebeenplanted四.1.willfall2.isallowed3.havereceived4.wasshowing5.wouldnotbe6.keepon7.turnitoff8.beusedfor9.payfor10.Sendfor初三系列復(fù)習(xí)資料（4）數(shù)詞、冠詞考點(diǎn)集匯，講解和訓(xùn)練四、冠詞和數(shù)詞【考點(diǎn)直擊】aan的用法the的用法零冠詞基數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞的用法【名師點(diǎn)睛】一.冠詞的用法冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來說明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。不定冠詞的用法aanJohnisastudent.MaryisanEnglishteacher.指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如Asteelworkermakessteel.Passmeanapple,please.指某人或某物，但不具體說明何人或和物。例如：Astudentwantstoseeyou.Agirliswaitingforyououtside.表示“每一”everyTakethemedicinethreetimesaday.Theygotoseetheirparentsonceaweek.定冠詞用法 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如：ThebookonthedeskisanEnglishdictionary.BeijingisthecapitalofChina.指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：Openthedoor,please.Jackisinthelibrary.上文提到過的人或事物。例如：YesterdayJohn’sfatherboughthimanewbike.Thebikecosthim200yuan.表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物。例如：Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest. ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.Januaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：Thenurseiskindtothesick.Weshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語中。例如：theGreatWall,theSummerpalace,inthemorning,intheopen