雅思模擬練習題2022

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practiceieltsreadingtestaacademicmodule

readingpassage1

personaltimemanagement

sincetheearlyworkofhalberg1960,theexistenceofhumancircadianrhythmshasbeenwell-knowntobiologistsandpsychologists.circadianrhythmsdictatethattherearecertaintimesofthedaywhenweareatourbestbothphysicallyandpsychologically.atitssimplest,themajorityofusfeelmorealiveandcreativeinthemornings,whilecometheeveningswearefitonlyforcollapsingwithagoodbookorinfrontofthetelevision.otherofusnotethatinthemorningwetakeagreatdealoftimetogetgoingphysicallyandmentally,butbytheeveningarefullofenergyandbrightideas,whileaveryfewofusfeelmostalertandvigorousinthelateafternoon.

irrespectiveofourpersonalrhythms,mostofushaveaproductiveperiodbetween10a.m.andnoon,whenthestomach,pancreas,spleenandheartallappeartobeintheirmostactivephases.conversely,themajorityofusexperiencealowperiodinthehourortwoafterlunchatimewhenpeopleinsomesocietiessensiblytakearest,asmostofourenergyisdevotedtotheprocessofdigestion.thesimpleruleshereare:dontwastetoomuchprimetimehavingacoffeebreakaround11a.m.whenyoushouldbedoingsomeofyourbestwork,anddontmaketheafter-lunchperiodevenlessproductivebyoverloadingyourdigestion.ashortcoffeeorteabreakis,infact,besttakenonarrivalattheoffice,whenithelpsusstartthedayinapositivemood,ratherthanmid-morningwhenitinterruptstheflowofouractivities.lunchisbesttakenearly,whenwearejustbeginningtofeelhungry,andwearelikelytoeatlessthanifweleaveituntillater.anearlylunchalsomeansthatwecangetbackintoourproductivestrideearlierintheafternoon.

changesinonesattitudecanalsoenhancepersonaltimemanagement.forexample,thenotionofpro-actioniseminentlypreferabletoreaction.topro-actmeanstoanticipateeventsandbeinapositiontotakeappropriateactionassoonastherightmomentarrives.toreact,ontheotherhand,-actorstendtobethepeoplewhoarealwaysonestepaheadofotherpeople,whoalwaysseemtobeintherightplaceattherighttime,andwhoarealwaysbetterinformedthananyoneelse.manyofuslikeaneasylife,andsowetendtobereactors.thismeansthatwearentalerttothechallengesandopportunitiescomingourway,withtheconsequencethatchallengesbotherusoropportunitiespassusbybeforewereevenproperlyawaretheyreuponus.wecantrainourselvesinpro-actionbyregularlytakingthetimetositdownandappraisethelikelyimmediatefuture,justaswesitdownandreviewtheimmediatepast.

psychologistsrecognisethatwedifferinthewayinwhichwecharacteristicallyattributeresponsibilityforthevariousthingsthathappentousinlife.oneofthewaysinwhichwedothisisknownaslocusofcontrolweiner,1979,whichreferstoassigningresponsibility.atitssimplest,someinpidualshaveapredominantlyexternallocusofcontrol,attributingresponsibilitytooutsidecausesforexample,thefaultsofothersorthehelpgivenbythem,whilewithotherinpidualsthelocusofcontrolispredominantlyinternal,inwhichresponsibilityisattributedtooneselfforexample,onesownabilitiesorlackofthem,hardwork,etc..

however,thepictureusuallyisntassimpleasthis.manypeopleslocusofcontrolismorelikelytobespecifictoaparticularsituation,forexampleinternalincertainareas,suchastheirsociallives,andexternalinothers,suchastheirworkinglives.or,totakeanotherexample,theymayattributecertainkindsofresultstothemselves,suchastheirsuccesses,andcertainkindsofresultstootherpeople,suchastheirfailures.obviouslythebestkindoflocusofcontrolisonethatisrealisticandabletoattributeeveryeffecttoitsappropriatecause,andthisisparticularlyimportantwhenitcomestotimemanagement.certainly,thereareoccasionswhenotherpeoplearemoreresponsibleforourtimelossthanweare,butformostofus,andformostofthetime,theblamemustfallfairlyandsquarelyuponourselves.

chooseonephrasea-jfromthelistintheboxbelowtocompleteeachkeypointbelow.writetheappropriatelettersa-jinboxes1-6onyouranswersheet.

theinformationinthecompletedsentencesshouldbeanaccuratesummaryofpointsmadebythewriter.

n.b.therearemorephrasesa-jthansentences,soyouwillnotusethemall.youmayuseanyphrasemorethanonce.

questions1-6

timemanagement-keypoints

answer

exampleourpatternsofcircadianrhythmsg

1.aproactiveperson

2.areactiveperson

3.analysingcircadianrhythms

4.theideathatthebesttimetoworkisinthemorning

5.thenotionoffeelingalertinthelateafternoon

6.productivityappearstobeenhanced

listofphrases

aagreeswiththecircadianrhythmsofmostpeople.

bmakesusfeelaliveandcreative.

cconformstothecircadianrhythmsofaminorityofpeople.

difourenergyisinalowphase.

eismoreabletotakeadvantageofeventswhentheyhappen.

fenablesonetogaugephysicalpotentialatparticulartimesthroughouttheday.

gcanaffectusphysicallyandmentally.

hwhenseveralspecificinternalorgansareactive.

itakesamorepassiveattitudetowardevents.

jwhenweeatlunchearly

questions7-13

completethesentencesbelowwithwordstakenfromreadingpassage1,ersonaltimemanagement.usenomorethanthreewordsforeachanswer.writeyouranswersinboxes7-13