Unit 3 Discovering Useful Structures 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件【知識(shí)建構(gòu)+高效助教】高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第二冊(cè)

Unit3GrammarPresentPerfectPassvieVoicepresent(now)futurepast過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響ThePresentPerfectTenseIhavelivedinChinafor5years.我在中國(guó)住了5年。（從5年前到現(xiàn)在，并且現(xiàn)在還在中國(guó)）IlivedinChinafor5years.我在中國(guó)住了5年。（過(guò)去住在中國(guó)，現(xiàn)在不在中國(guó)）過(guò)去的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響Someonehasbrokenthewindow.(窗戶(hù)現(xiàn)在是壞的)Ihavealreadylostthekey.(我現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有鑰匙)Ihaven'treadthebookyet.(不了解書(shū)的內(nèi)容)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)just;already;ever;never;yet不確定的時(shí)間一段時(shí)間for3days;since3daysago其他時(shí)間thismorning;bynow;sofar肯定式：S+have/has+V-過(guò)去分詞(done)否定式：S+have/has+not+V-過(guò)去分詞...一般問(wèn)句：Have/Has+S+V-過(guò)去分詞...特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+S+V-過(guò)去分詞...現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)“三變”例：Theyhavealreadysolvedtheproblem.原句主語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)“三不變”原句意思不變?cè)鋾r(shí)態(tài)不變?cè)渲髦^賓以外成分不變Theproblem____________________bythem.hasalreadybeensolved被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are+done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are+being+done被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has+been+doneAnenemyhasbeenslained.一名敵人被擊殺。Anallyhasbeenslained.我方隊(duì)友被擊殺。Youhavebeenslained.你被擊殺了。ThePresentPerfectPassiveVoice現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法用法1:被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,已經(jīng)完成,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成影響或產(chǎn)生結(jié)果。(already,yet,sofar,bynow)Theletter

(post)already.hasbeenpostedManyhouses

(build)forthepoorsofar.havebeenbuilt用法2:被動(dòng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。(for+一段時(shí)間;since；since+段時(shí)間+ago)Themachine

(repair)fortwohoursbutitstilldoesn’twork.hasbeenrepairedPapermoney

(use)forover50years.hasbeenused肯定式：S+have/hasbeendone...否定式：S+have/hasnotbeendone...一般問(wèn)句：Have/Has+S+beendone特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+S+beendone現(xiàn)在完成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)練習(xí)Tomhasinvitedthesingeralready.Thesingerhasbeeninvited(byTom)already.Thesingerhasnotbeeninvited(byTom)yet.Hasthesingerbeeninvited(byTom)yet?Whohasbeeninvited(byTom)?

被動(dòng)否定一般疑問(wèn)對(duì)賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)Readthepairsofsentences.Underlineandcomparethedifferentverbforms.Jan’slifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.TheInternethasgreatlyimprovedJan’slife.MuchhasbeenwrittenaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.PeoplehavewrittenmuchaboutthewondersoftheWorldWideWeb.Readthepassageagainandcompletethesentences.People’slives_________________(change)byonlinecommunitiesandsocialnetworks.Manypeople_______________(help)bytheclub.Jan’slife_________________(improve)greatlybytheInternet.havebeenchangedhavebeenhelpedhasbeenimproved即時(shí)訓(xùn)練Thechildrenhavealreadybeentoldthegoodnews.1.將原句變?yōu)榉穸ň洹hechildrenhaven’tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.2.將原句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句。Havethechildrenbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?3.對(duì)原句中的thechildren進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。Who

hasbeentoldthegoodnewsyet?Exercises1.FirstasaPCandthenasalaptop,I_____________(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.2.Overtimemymemory___________(develop)somuchthat

IneverforgetanythingI____________(told).3.Sincethe1970smanynewapplications______________(find)forme.4.Ihavealso________(put)intorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellas_____(help)withmedicaloperations.hasdevelopedhavebeentoldhavebeenusedhavebeenfoundbeenputhelped一般進(jìn)行完成現(xiàn)在過(guò)去將來(lái)am/is/aredoneam/is/arebeingdonehave/hasbeendonewas/weredonewas/werebeingdonehad

beendonewillbedonewillhavebeendone過(guò)去將來(lái)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞wouldbedone情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+donewillbebeingdone注意事項(xiàng)1.不及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise,happen,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,survive,remaind,last,die,disappear,end,fail,belongto,consistof...Eg：Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometownrecently.Eg:Afterthetrafficaccident,noonesurvivedexceptapersonwhowasbadlyinjured.注意事項(xiàng)2.一般說(shuō)來(lái)，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但許多“不及物動(dòng)詞+副詞或介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，不可把介詞或副詞漏掉,eg:laughat,operateon,listento,lookafter,takecareof,thinkof,talkabout,handin,catchsightof,makeuseof,payattentionto,turnon…Eg.:Mysisterwillbetakencareofbygrandma.Thepatientisbeingoperatedonnow.練：Heturnedontheradiojustnow.Theradiowasturnedonbyhimjustnow.注意事項(xiàng)3.如果復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))是由“賓語(yǔ)+省略to的不定式”構(gòu)成，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式前的to要補(bǔ)出來(lái)。Eg:幫（help），1感（feel），2聽(tīng)（hear,listento），3讓?zhuān)╨et，have，make），5看（watch,see,lookat,notice,observe）Eg：Iobservedastrangerenterthebuildingjustnow.Astrangerwasobservedtoenterthebuildingjustnow.練：Tom’smothermadeTomcleanhisroombyhimself.Tomwasmadetocleanhisroombyhimself.注意事項(xiàng)4.含有雙賓語(yǔ)（直賓：物，間賓：人）的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句時(shí)，可分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一個(gè)不動(dòng)。以‘人’當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，變法和一般的變法一樣，以‘物’當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，在保留的間接賓語(yǔ)前加to或forEg.:Myunclegavemeapresent.Iwasgivenapresentbymyuncle.Apresentwasgiventomebymyuncle.什么時(shí)候用to，什么時(shí)候用for？1.give,show,lend,sell,tell,pass,bring,take,teach,offer,pay,promisesthtosb.2.buy,cook,make,find,keep,order,choose,paintsthfor

sb.注意事項(xiàng)5.還有以下情況，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)5.1有些動(dòng)詞通常是及物動(dòng)詞，但是當(dāng)它們與常與副詞well,easily,badly,poorly,nicely,fast,smoothly,等連用表示主語(yǔ)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，這時(shí)不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).Eg：sell(“銷(xiāo)售好)”read(好讀”)，write(“好寫(xiě)”)，wash(“耐洗”)，wear(“耐穿)，Eg:1)Theticketscosttoomuchandsoldbadly.2).Thepenwriteswell.

3).Canyoulendmeyourpen?Yourpenwritessmoothly.注意事項(xiàng)5.還有以下情況，用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表被動(dòng)5.1感觀(guān)系動(dòng)詞eg：feel,look,sound,smell,taste等系動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)是物。Eg:1.Theclothfeelssoft.這布料摸起來(lái)很軟。2.Hiscaketastesgood.他的蛋糕味道很好。3.Goodmedicinetastesbitter.

良藥苦口注意事項(xiàng)6.漢語(yǔ)中含有“據(jù)說(shuō)”、“據(jù)悉”、“有人說(shuō)”、“大家說(shuō)”等時(shí)。例如：Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.

ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.眾所周知……Itiswellknownthat…據(jù)推測(cè)說(shuō)……Itissupposedthat…Changethesentencesintothepresentperfectpassivevoice.They’vebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.AkindofnewPChasbeenbuiltwithmorefunctions.n.功能；作用vi.起作用；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的原則“三變”原句主語(yǔ)by的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)

謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)被動(dòng)n.電池vt.確認(rèn)；使確信1.Ihavedownloadedthesoftwaretohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.2.Someonehaslostanidentitycard.3.HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipassword?Thesoftwarehasbeendownloadedtohelpmyphonebatterylastlonger.Anidentitycardhasbeenlost.HastheWi-Fipasswordbeenconfirmed?4.Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile?5.Hasanyonemadeacommentabouttheonlinedatabase?Hasthebuttonbeenpressedyettocopythefile?Hasa/anycommentbeenmadeabouttheonlinedatabase?n.文件,檔案DiscoveringUsefulStructures(P30)1.因...而改變2....的奇跡3.將...轉(zhuǎn)化為4.多功能新型PC5.下載軟件6.丟失身份證7.確認(rèn)WiFi密碼8.按下按鈕9.復(fù)制文件10.發(fā)表關(guān)于...的評(píng)論11.在線(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)onewPCwithmorefunctionsdownloadthesoftwareloseanidentitycardconfirmtheWiFipasswordpressthebuttoncopythefilemadeacommentaboutonlinedatebase綜合練習(xí)一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Thegovernmentwaspressed

(take)somemeasuresatonce.

2.Itissaidthatthelongtableusedtofunction

abedfortheman.

3.You’dbetterwriteanemail

(confirm)thenews.

4.Anewfil