庫存管理系統(tǒng)論文供應(yīng)鏈庫存優(yōu)化零庫存方法中英文資料對(duì)照外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)

庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文中英文資料外文翻譯InventoryOptimizationinSupplyChain:ZeroInventoryApproachKanakaB*Managingoptimalinventoryinthesupplychainiscriticalforanenterprise.Theabilitytoincreaseinventoryturnsandtheuseofbestinventorypracticeswillreduceinventorycostsacrossthesupplychain.Movingtowardszeroinventorywillresultineffectiveinventorymanagementinthebusinessprocess.InventoryOptimizationSolutionscanbeimplementedeasilyusinginventoryoptimizationsoftware.RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)technology,inventorycanbeupdatedinrealtimewithoutproductmovement,scanningorhumaninvolvement.Companieshavetoadoptbestpracticestooptimizeoperationalprocessesandlowertheircoststructurethroughinventorystrategies.IntroductionWithsupplychainplanningandlatestsoftware,companiesaremanagingtheirinventoryinthebestpossiblemanner,keepinginventoryholdingstotheminimumwithoutsacrificingthecustomerserviceneeds.Thezeroinventoryconcepthasbeenaroundsincethe1980s.Ittriestoreduceinventorytoaminimumandenhancesprofitmarginsbyreducingtheneedforwarehousingandexpensesrelatedto it.Theconceptofasupplychainistohaveitems flowingfromonestageofsupplytothenext,bothwithinthebusinessandoutside,inaseamlessfashion.Anystockinthesystemiscausedbyeitherdelaybetweentheprocesses(demand,distribution,transfer, recording and production) or by the variation in Eliminating/reducingstockcanbeachievedby:linkingprocesses,makingthesamethroughputrateonprocesses,locatingprocessesneareachotherandcoordinatingflows.Recentadvancedsoftwarehasmadezeroinventorystrategyexecutable."Inventory optimization is an emerging practical approach to investment andservice-levelgoalsoveraverylargeassortmentofStock-Keeping1庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文Units(SKUs).Incontrasttotraditional‘one-at-a-time’marginalstocklevelsetting,inventoryoptimizationsimultaneouslydeterminesallSKUstocklevelstofulfilltotalserviceandinvestmentconstraintsorobjectives".Inventoryoptimizationtechniquesprovideanewlogictodrivethesystemwithinformationsystems.Toeffectivelymanageinventory,businessesmustoptimizethecostsofbuying,holding,producing,movingandsellinginventory.Theobjectiveofinventoryoptimizationistosustainminimallevelsofinventorywhileprovidingthemaximumpossiblelevelsofservice.SupplyChainDesignandOptimization(SCDO)isaninventoryoptimizationsolutionwhichhelpscompaniessatisfycustomerdemandswhilebalancinglimitationsonsupplyandtheneedforoperationalefficiency.Inventoryoptimizationfocusesonmodelinguncertaintyandvariabilityandminimizingtheriskstheyimposeonthesupplychain.Inventoryoptimizationcanhelpresolvetotalsupplychaincostoptionslike:In-housemanufacturingvs.contractmanufacturing;Domesticvs.offshore;andNewsupplier'scostvs.currentsuppliers'cost.Companiescanbenefitfrominventoryoptimization,providedtheycontroltheirsupplychainprocessesandthecomplexityofsupplychain.Incasethesupplychainisverycomplex,besidesinventoryoptimization,networkdesignhastobeusedtoreapthebenefitsfully.ThispapercoversvariousinventorymodelsthatareavailableandthendescribesthetechnologieslikeRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)andnetworkingusedfortheoptimizationofinventory.Thepaperalsodescribessoftwaresolutionsavailableforachievingthesame.Itconcludesbygivingaexampleswhereinventoryoptimizationhasbeensuccessfullyimplemented.InventoryModelsHexagonModelThehexagonmodelwasdevelopedduetotheneedtostructureday-to-daywork,reduceheadcountandotherinventorycostsandimprovecustomersatisfaction.Inthefirstphase,operationstrategieswereestablishedinalignmentwithinte-rnalcustomers.Later,continuousimprovementplansandbusinesscontinuitypl-answereadded.Thefivestrategiesusedwere:forecastingfutureconsumption,settingfinancialtargetsto2庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文minimizeinventorycosts,preparingdailyreportstomonitorinventoryoperationalperformance,studyingcriticalsuccessindicatorstotracktheaccomplishments,forminventorystrategicobjectivesandinventor-yhealthandoperatingstrategies.Thehexagonmodelisacombinationoftwotriangularstructures(Figure1).Theuppertrianglefocusesonthesoftmanagementofhumanresources,customerorientationandsupplierrelations;thelowerfocusesontheexecutionofinventoryplanswiththeirsuccesscriteria,continuousimprovementmethodologyandbusinesscontinuityplans.Theinventoryindicatorsare:totalinventoryvalue,availabilityofspares,daysofinventory,costofinventory,costsavingandcashsavingoutputexpen-ditureandqualityimprovement.Thehexagonmodelcombinestheelementsofthepeopleinvolvedinmanaginginventorywithoperationalexcellence(Figur2).Managinginventorywithoperationalexcellencewasachievedbyreducingnumberofemployeesinthematerialdepartment,changingthemixofpeo-pleskillssuchasintroducingengineeringintothedepartment structureandreducingthecostofownershipofthematerialdepartmenttotheoperationthatitsupports.Normally, this is implemented with reduction in headcount of materialdepartment,havinglesspeoplewithengineeringskillsinthedepartment.Operationresults include, improvement in raw material supply line quality competitivedaysofinventoryandimprovedandstabilizedsparesavailability.Andthefinancialresultsinclude,increaseincostsavingsandreducedcostofinventory.Itcanbeestablishedbyoutsourcingsomeoftheinventoryfunctionsasrequired.Thelevelofefficiencyoftheinventorymanagedcanbemeasuredtoaspecificrisklevel,changingrequirementsorchangesintheenvironment.Just-In-Time(JIT)Just-in-time(JIT)inventorysystemisaconceptdevelopedbytheJapanese,wherein,thesuppliersdeliverthematerialstothefactoryJITfortheirprocessing, theneedforstorageandretrieval.Therateofoutputandtherateof supplyofinputsaresynchronized,tomanageazeroinventory.ThemainbenefitsofJITare:setuptimesaresignificantlyreducedinthe theflowofgoodsfromwarehousetoshelvesimproves,employeeswho possess3庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文multipleskillsareutilizedmoreefficiently,betterconsistencyofschedulingandconsistencyofemployeeworkhours,increasedemphasisonsupplierandcontinuousroundtheclocksupplieskeepingworkersproductiveandbusinessesfocusedonturnover.AndthoughaJITsystemmightevenbeanecessity,giventheinventorydemandsofcertainbusinesstypes,itsmanyadvantagesarerealizedonlywhensomesignificantriskslikedelaysinmovementofgoodsoverlongdistancesaremitigated.Vendor-ManagedInventory(VMI)Vendor-ManagedInventory(VMI)isaplanningandmanagementsysteminwhichvendorisresponsibleformaintainingthecustomer’sinventorylevels.VMIisdefinedasaprocessormechanismwherethesuppliercreatesthepurchaseordersbasedonthedemandinformation.VMIis acombinationofe-commerce,softwareandpeople.Ithasresultedinthedramaticreductionofinventoryacrossthesupply chain.VMIiscategorizedintherealworldascollaboration,automationandcosttransference.ThemainobjectivesofVMIarebetter,cheaperandfastertransactions.InordertoestablishtheVMIprocess,managementcommitment,datasynchronization,settingupagreements,dataexchange,ordering,invoicematchingandmeasurementhavetobeundertaken.ThebenefitsofVMItoanorganizationarereductionininventorybesidesreductionofstock-outsandincreaseincustomersatisfaction.Accurateinformationwhichisrequiredforoptimizingthesupplychainisfacilitatedbyefficienttransferofinformation.TheconceptofVMIwouldbesuccessfulonlywhenthereistrustbetweentheorganizationanditssuppliersasallthedemandinformationisavailabletothesupplierswhichcanberevealedtothecompetitors.VMIoptimizesinventoryinsupplychainandreducesstock-outsbyproperplanningandcentralizedforecasting.ConsignmentModelConsignmentinventorymodelisanextensionofVMIwherethevendorplacesinventoryatthecustomer’slocationwhileretainingownershipoftheinventory. Theconsignmentinventorymodelworksbestinthecaseofnewandunprovenproductswherethereisahighdegreeofdemanduncertainty,highly expensiveproductsandservicepartsforcriticalequipment.Thetypesofconsignmentinventoryownership4庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文transfermodelsare:payassoldduringapre-definedperiod,ownershipchangesafterapre-definedperiod,andordertoorderconsignment.TheissuesthattheVMIandconsignmentinventorymodelencounterarecostofdevelopingVMIsystem,invoicingproblems,cashflowproblems,ElectronicDataInterchange(EDI)problemsandobsoletestock.EnablingPracticesThedecisionmakershavetomakeprudentdecisionsonfuturecourseofactionofaprojectrelatingtothefollowingvariables:ForecastingandInventoryManagement,Inventory Management practices, Inventory Planning, Optimal MultichannelInventory,Movingtowardszeroinventory.Toimproveinventorymanagementforbetterforecasting,the14bestpracticesthatwillmostlikelybenefitbusinessthemostare:Synchronizepromotions;Revamptheorganizationalstructure;Takealongerviewofitemplanning;Enforcevendorcompliance;Trackkeyinventorymetrics;Selecttherightsystems;Mastertheartofmasterscheduling;Adheretoexceptionreporting;Identifylostdemands;Planbyassortment;Trackinboundreceipts;Createcoveragereports;Balanceunderstock/overstock;andOptimizeSKUs.Thiswillleveragetheretailer’sabilitytobuylargerquantitiesacrossallchwhilebuyingonlywhatisrequiredforaspecifiedperiodinordertomanageriskinabetterway.Inmostmultichannelcompanies,inventoryisthelargestassetonthebalancesheet,whichmeansthattheirprofitabilitywillbedeterminedtoalargedegreebythewaytheyplan,forecast,andmanageinventory(CurtBarry,2007).Theycan5庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文followsomestepslikecreatingastrategy,integratingplanningandforecasting,equippingwiththebest-laidplansandbuildingstrongvendorrelationshipsandeffectiveliquidation.MovingTowardsZeroInventoryAttheforeisthedevelopmentandwidespreadadoptionofnimble,sophisticatedsoftwaresystemssuchasManufacturingResourcePlanning(MRPII),EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP),andAdvancedPlanningandScheduling(APS)systems,aswellasdedicatedsupplychainmanagementsoftwaresystems.Thesesystemsmanufacturersgreaterfunctionality.Toimplement‘ZeroStock’system,companiesneedtohaveagoodinformationsystemtohandlecustomerorders,sub-contractororders,productinventoryandallissuesrelatedtoproduction.IfthecompanyhasnoITinfrastructure,itwillneedtobuilditfromthescratch.Agoodinformationsystemcanhelpmanagerstogetaccuratedataandmakestrategicdecisions.ITinfrastructureisnotacost,butaninvestment.Acompanycanuse RFID method, network inventory and other software tools for optimization.RadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)RFIDisanautomaticidentificationmethod,whichreliesonstoringandremotelyretrievingdatausingdevicescalledRFIDtagsortransponders.RFIDuseinenterprisesupplychainmanagementincreasestheefficiencyofinventorytrackingandmanagement.RFIDapplicationdevelopsassetutilizationbytrackingreusableassetsandprovidesvisibility,improvesqualitycontrolbytaggingrawmaterial,work-in-progress,andfinishedgoodsinventory,improvesproductionexecutionandsupplychainperformancebyprovidingaccurate,timelyanddetailedinformationtoenterpriseresourceplanningandmanufacturingexecutionsystem.ThestatusofinventorycanbeobtainedautomaticallybyusingRFID.TherearemanybenefitsofusingRFIDsuchasreducedinventory,reducedtime,reducederrors,accessibilityincrease,highsecurity,etc.NetworkInventoryANetwork Inventory ManagementSystem (NIMS)tracksmovement ofacross the system and thus can locate malfunctioning equipment/process 6庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文provideinformationrequiredtodiagnoseandcorrectproblemareas.Italsodetermineswherecapacityistobeadded,calculatesimpactofmarketconditions,assessesimpactofnewproductsandtheimpactofanewcustomer.NIMSisimportantwhenthecomplexityofasupplychainishigh.Itdeterminesthemanufacturinganddistributionstrategiesforthefuture.Itshouldtakeconsiderationproduction,location,inventoryandtransportation.TheNIMSsoftware,includingassetconfigurationinformationandchangemanagement,isanessentialcomponentofrobustnetworkmanagementarchitecture.NIMSprovideinformationthatadministratorscanusetoimprovenetworkmanagementperformanceandhelpdevelopeffectivenetworkassetcontrolprocesses.A network inventory solution manages network resource information multiplenetworktechnologiesaswellasmultiplevendorsinonecommonaccuratedatabase.Itisanextremelyusefultoolforimprovingseveraloperationprocesses,suchasresourcetroublemanagement,serviceassurance,networkplanningprovisioning,fieldmaintenanceandsparepartsmanagement.The NIMS software, including asset configuration information and management,isanessentialcomponentofstrongnetworkmanagementarchitecture.Inaddition,softwaretoolsthatprovideplanning,designandlifecyclemanagementfornetworkassetsshouldprominentlyappearonenterpriseradarscreens.InventoryOptimizationi2InventoryOptimizationi2solutionsenablecustomerstorealizetopandbottom-linebenefitsthroughtheuseofsuperiorinventorymanagementpractices.i2InventoryOptimizationcanhelpcompaniesmonitor,manage,andoptimizestrategiestodecide—whattomake,tobuyandfromwhom,whatinventoriestocarry,where,inwhatformandhowmuch—acrossthesupplychain.Itenablescustomerstolearnandcontinuouslyimproveinventorymanagementpoliciesandprocesses,strategicanalysisandoptimization.Product-orientedindustrycaninstalli2InventoryOptimizationanddevelopsupplychain.Throughthis,thecompanycanreduceinventorylevelsandoverall7庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文logisticscosts.Itcanalsogethigherservicelevelperformance,greatercustomersatisfaction,improvedassetutilization,acceleratedinventoryturns,betterproductavailability,reducedrisk,andmorepreciseandcomprehensivesupplyvisibility.OracleInventoryOptimizationOracle Inventory Optimization considers the demand, supply, constraints andvariabilityinextendedsupplychaintooptimizestrategicinventoryinvestmentdecisions.Itallowsretailerstoprovidehigherservicelevelstocustomersatalowertotalcost.OracleInventoryOptimizationispartoftheOraclee-BusinessSuite,anintegratedsetofapplicationsthatareengineeredtoworktogether.OracleInventoryOvidesgraphicrepresentationoftheplan.Itcalculatescostandrisk.MRO SoftwareMRO Software (now a part of IBM's Tivolisoftware business) announced marketingalliancewithinventoryoptimizationspecialistsXtivitytoenhancetheserviceofferingofinventorymanagementsolutionsforMROSoftwarecustomers.MROoffersXtivity'sInventoryOptimizer(xIO)serviceasanextensionofitsassetandservicemanagementsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)Successful implementation of an inventory optimization solution requiressignificant effort and can pose certain risks to companies implementing suchsolutions.StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)canbeusedonacommonplatform.Anoptimalinventorypolicycanbedeterminedbyusingit.Alongwithit,othermetricssuch as projectedinventorylevels, projectedbacklogs andtheirconfidencebandscanalsobecalculated.Theonlydrawbackofthismethodisthatitmaynotbepossibletoobtainquickreal-timeresultsbecauseofarchitecturalandalgorithmic complexity. However, potential scenarios can be analyzed inanticipationofresultsstoredpriortouserrequests.SomeExamplesToyota’sPracticeinIndiaToyota,aqualityconsciouscompanyworkingtowardszeroinventoryhasselected8庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文MitsuiandTransportCorporationofIndiaLtd.(TCI)fortheirentire logisticsolutionsencompassingplanning,transportation,warehousing,distribution andandrelateddocumentation.Infrastructureisabottleneckthatcontinuestoeconomic growth in India. Transystem renders services like procurement,consolidationandtransportationoforiginalequipmentmanufacturer'sparts,throughmilkrunoperationsfromvarioussuppliersalloverIndiaonaJITbasis,transportationofCompleteBuilt-upUnits(CBU)fromplanttoalldealersinthecountryandoperationofCBUyards,coordinationandtransportationofKnockDown(KD)partsfromportofentrytomanufacturingplant,transportationofaftermarketpartstodealersbyroadandairtoToyotaKirloskarMotorsPvt.Ltd.Wal-MartWal-MartisthelargestretailerintheUnitedStates,withanestimated20%oftheretailgroceryandconsumablesbusiness,aswellasthelargesttoysellerintheUS,withanestimated22%shareofthetoymarket.Wal-MartalsooperatesinArgentina,Brazil,Canada,Japan,Mexico,PuertoRicoandUK.Wal-Mart keeps close track of the inventories by extensively vendor-managedinventorytostreamlinetheflowofgoodsfrommanufacturertothestoreshelf.Thisresultsinmoreturnsandthereforefewerinventories.Wal-MartisanearlyadopterofRFIDtomonitorthemovementofstocksdifferentstagesofsupplychain.Thecompanykeepstabson allofitsmerchandizebyoutfittingitsproductswithRFID.Wal-Marthas indicated recently that it is moving towards the theoreticalzeroinventorymodel.ChordusInc.ChordusInc.hasthelargestdivisionofofficefurnitureinUSA.Ithasadvancedlogisticsandamodelofzeroinventory.IthasInternet-basedsystemfordistributionnetworkwithreal-timeupdatesandlowcosts.ChordusdeterminedthatonlyR/3couldaccommodatethiscutting-edgeoperationalmodelforitsnetworkof150dealer-ownedfranchisesin44statessupportedbyfivenationwideDistributionCenters(DCs)andafleetof65deliverytrucks.SmallScaleCycleIndustryAroundLudhiana9庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文InandaroundLudhiana,therearemanysmallbicycleunits,whicharenotorganized.Theyhaveasharpfocusonfinancialandrawmaterialmanagementenjoyingalowemployeeturnover.TheyhavebeenpracticingzeroinventorymodelswhichbecamepopularinJapanonlymuchlater.Rawmaterialisbroughtintotheunitinthemorning,processedduringthedayandbyeveningthefinishedproductispassedontothenextunit.Thus,thechaincontinuestilltheultimatefinishedproductismanufactured.Inthisway,thebicyclesusedtobeproducedinLudhianaathalftheproductioncostofTICycles.Eventhelargemanufacturersofcycles,likecycles,AtlascyclesandAvoncyclesarereportedtomaintainonlyoneweek'sinventory.ConclusionInventorymanagersarefacedwithhighservice-levelrequirementsandmanySKUsappreciatethecomplexityofinventoryoptimization,aswellastheexplicitcontrolthatisneededovertotalinvestmentinwarehousing,movingandlogistics.Inventoryoptimization canprovideboth anenormous performanceimprovement forthesupply chain and ongoing continuous improvements over competitors. companyachievesthestabilityneededtohaveenoughstocktomeetunpredictabledemandswithoutwastefulallocationofcapital.Havingtherightamountofstockintherightplaceattherighttimeimprovescustomersatisfaction,marketshareandbottomline.Certainly,theorganizationsthatareabletotakeinventoryoptimizationtotheenterpriselevelwillreapgreaterbenefits.Zeroinventorymaybewishfulthinking,butembracingnewtechnologiesandprocessestomanageone'sinventorymoreefficientlycouldmoveonemuchclosertothatideal.10庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文供應(yīng)鏈庫存優(yōu)化：零庫存方法RIDF公司必須通過庫存策略采取最佳方法去優(yōu)化操作流程和降低成本結(jié)構(gòu)。引言80供應(yīng)鏈的概念系統(tǒng)中的任何庫存都是由流程之間的延遲（需求、分配、轉(zhuǎn)接、記錄和生產(chǎn)）變更引起的。消除/減少庫存可用下列方法實(shí)現(xiàn)：使各流程相鏈接，流程間使用（型號(hào)SKU的庫存水平和實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)服務(wù)和投資的限制或目標(biāo)。理庫存，企業(yè)也必須優(yōu)化購買成本，持有成本，運(yùn)輸成本和銷售成本。性，變異性和減少風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行建模。庫存優(yōu)化能幫助解決整體供應(yīng)鏈成本的方案，例如：11庫存管理系統(tǒng)畢業(yè)論文內(nèi)部生產(chǎn)和外包生產(chǎn)國內(nèi)和國外的新供應(yīng)商成本和原有供應(yīng)商