todo、doing和done作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的比較模板

todo、doing和done作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的比較一、在介詞with后作賓補(bǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式with+賓+done,表示賓語(yǔ)與過(guò)去分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且意味著該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或無(wú)時(shí)間性；with+賓+doing，表示賓語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞在邏輯上是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)進(jìn)行；with+賓+todo，則表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作,賓語(yǔ)與不定式在邏輯上可以是主動(dòng)關(guān)系也可以是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，注意此時(shí)的不定式不是作賓補(bǔ)而是作賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)了。如：Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands behindhisback.（全國(guó)卷）A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied【分析】答案選D。hishand與tie是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且?guī)нM(jìn)時(shí)應(yīng)己捆綁好了，表示“被動(dòng)、完成”用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Withalotofdifficultproblems ,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.（上海春）A.settledB.settingC.tosettle D.beingsettled【分析】答案選C。由語(yǔ)境可知，問(wèn)題還沒(méi)有解決，用不定式指將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。

Petersoonfellasleepwiththelightstill （burn）.二、其賓語(yǔ)后可用分詞或不定式的4個(gè)動(dòng)詞在leave,want,get,have等動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)后面可接doing、done或todo?，F(xiàn)分述如下：①leave...doing讓…一直（主動(dòng)、持續(xù)進(jìn)行）；leave???todo讓…去做（主動(dòng)、將來(lái)）；

leave…done（被動(dòng)）。如：1)Don’tleavethewater whileyoubrushyourteeth.(天津卷)A.run B.runningC.beingrun D.toruns讓她去做她喜歡做的事。2)Leavethedoorfirmly(f2)Leavethedoorfirmly(fasten）讓門(mén)緊閉著;3)Leaveher(do)asshelike②wantsb.doing希望某人做某事(多用于否定)；wantsb.todo要某人做某事；；wantsth.done=wantsth.tobedone(被動(dòng))。如：1)Idon’twantyou (arrive)late.2)Iwanttheletter (open)now.3)Thebosswantedhisworkers(finish)thejobbyFriday.③getsb.todosth.使某人做某事（主動(dòng)、將來(lái)）;

get…doing使…處于某一狀態(tài)中（主動(dòng)、持續(xù)）;get…done=havesth.done請(qǐng)人做/遭受（被動(dòng)）。如：1）I’lltrytogether1）I’lltrytogetherthedoctor.（上海卷）A.seeA.seetoseeB.seeingforseeing【分析】答案選C。getsb.todosth.使某人做某事。請(qǐng)比較：2）Theteachergotthechildrentalking.讓孩子說(shuō)起話來(lái)；getthecomputerrepaired將電腦送去修理；gethiswristbroken折斷了手腕。④havesth.done=getsth.done請(qǐng)人做某事；

havesb/sth.doingsth.使某人/某物一直做某事或者處于某種狀態(tài)；havesb.dosth.使某人做某事（見(jiàn)使役動(dòng)詞）；havesth.todo有事要做（見(jiàn)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)部分）。如：Shehadheraudiencelisteningattentively.他使觀眾聽(tīng)得入神。Hedidn’tkeeponaskingmethetimeanylongerashehadhadhiswatch.hadhiswatch.（上海卷）A.torepairB.repairedC.repairingD.epairingD.repair【分析】答案選B。hiswatch與repair是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。三、可用分詞但不用todo作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的5個(gè)動(dòng)詞keep,find等后可用現(xiàn)在分詞（主動(dòng)）或過(guò)去分詞（被動(dòng)）作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，一般不用todo。在catch（撞見(jiàn)），smell（聞到），start（使）等后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，不用不定式或過(guò)去分詞。如：Itwassocoldthattheykeptthefire allnight.（全A.toburnB.burntC.burning D.burned

【分析】答案選C。keep…doing讓…一直保持某種狀態(tài)：讓那盆火整夜燃著。Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundinfiredifheisfoundinthekitchen.（全國(guó)卷）A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmoke D.smoked【分析】答案選B。find后一般不能用todo作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。he與smoke是主動(dòng)的，用ing形式作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。Helookedaroundandcaughtaman hishandintothepocketofapassenger.（安徽卷）A.put B.tobeputtingC.toput D.putting【分析】答案選D。后通常只接現(xiàn)在分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，catchsb.doingsth.撞見(jiàn)某人在做某事。Thesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught andletherofA.tohavestolenB.tobestealingC.tostealD.stealing【分析】答案選Docaughtstealing=whowascaughtstealing,本句相當(dāng)于：Thesalesmancaughtthegirlstealing.Hescoldedherandthenletheroff.四、可用tobe或tohavedone作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的9個(gè)動(dòng)詞

在表示“認(rèn)為”的think,consider,believe,suppose,prove,find,understand,judge,imagine等動(dòng)詞后，可跟tobe作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（認(rèn)為…是…），一般不跟todo；但在think,consider,believe等之后可跟tohavedone作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（認(rèn)為…做了…）。如：CharlesBabageisgenerallyconsideredthefirstcomponsideredthefirstcomputer.（全國(guó)卷）A.tohaveinventedB.inventingC.toinventD.havinginvented【分析】答案選A。本題是considersb.tohavedone的被動(dòng)式。makeoneself后常用understood等過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)

makeoneselfunderstood/heard/seen/known讓別人明白自己的意思/讓自己講的話被別人聽(tīng)到/讓自己被別人看到/讓自己被別人認(rèn)識(shí)。如：Thespeakerraisedhisvoicebutstillcouldn’tmakehimself.（全國(guó)卷）A.hearringB.tohearC.A.hearringD.heard【分析】答案選D。makehimselfheard讓他講的話被別人聽(tīng)到。Helenhadtoshout __abovethesoundofthemusic.（廣西卷）A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard【分析】答案選口。使自己講的話被別有聽(tīng)到，用makeoneselfheard,排除A和B；作目的狀語(yǔ)用不定式，排除C。在besaid/reported等后用不定式在besaid,bereported,bebelieved,besupposed,bethought等后面，以及要求接不定式。Hewasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecord.據(jù)報(bào)道他(=Itisreportedthathehasbrokentheworldrecord.)Thefluisbelieved _byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat.（上海卷）A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecaused D.tohavecaused【分析】答案選C。bebelieved后要接動(dòng)詞不定式，排除A和B;又因?yàn)閠heflu與cause是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以要用不定式的被動(dòng)式。Thefluisbelievedtobecaused…=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscaused…人們認(rèn)為…Robertissaid abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.（全國(guó)