初中英語語法之介詞

介詞Prepositions介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞,詞與句之間的關(guān)系的詞。在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。什么是介詞它的作用是什么？1.Lookat

me.()2.Hegoestoschoolby

bike.()3.Heisinterestedin

drawing.()4.Thebookisonthedesk.()代詞名詞

動名詞介詞:通常用在_________、_______、_______

之前，表示某個人、事物/東西、事件與另一個之間的_________。名詞代詞名詞動名詞關(guān)系介詞的主要分類：1.atthecinema,inthehospital__________2.Writewithapen,gobybus___________3.insummer,onSeptemper1st___________4.intheeast,tothewestof___________5.bytheway,atlast,intheend___________時間介詞地點(diǎn)介詞方式介詞固定搭配方位介詞1.atsixo’clock,atnoon,atthattime,athalfpastthree,atmid-night…________________2.onSunday,onNewYear’sDay,onMarch21st,

onmybirthday…_________________3.inthreedays,inaweek,inamonth,inMay,in1998…_____________________4.inthemorning,intheafternoon,intheevening_____________________

但：onthemorningofMay1st5.atnight=_________heday=inthe________表示點(diǎn)鐘或具體一點(diǎn)時間用at表示在某一天用on表示大于一天的時間用in在早上/下午/傍晚用inintheday-time一.時間介詞1.MaryisflyingtoFrancesoon.ShewillarriveinParis___themorningofJuly9.A.onB.inC.at2.Thetwinswereborn__aFridayevening.A.inB.onC.at3.WetravelledovernighttoParisandarrived__5o’clock__themorning.A.on,inB.at,inC.at,in4.Wefinishourlessons___11:30andthenhavearest__noon.A.in,inB.at,atC.in,at2、in

＋

after

＋＋Eg.Hewillbebackthreeo’clock.Hewillbebackinafewminutes.Hecamebackafterthreedays.

after一段時間，與將來時連用，表過一段時間之后段時間，與過去時連用，表過一段時間之后點(diǎn)時間，與將來時連用，表多少時間之后

1.MrBrownhasgonetoCanada.Hewillbeback___twoweeks.A.forB.afterC.in2.Ourmanagercameback___anhour.A.inB.afterC.at3.Theyhavebeenhere__anhour.A.forB.afterC.in3.for+時段

since+

時段+ago

since+

時間點(diǎn)

since+

一般過去時句子常用于現(xiàn)在完成時1.Hecamehere__1992,andhehaslivedhere___1992.A.in,forB.in,sinceC.since,since2.IhaveknownLiLei__overfiveyears.A.inB.sinceC.for3.Ithasbeenthreeyearssincehe__here.A.comeB.cameC.comes4.Theoldmanhasbeenaway___twoyearsago.A.inB.sinceC.for4.before在……之前

by到……時為止,不遲于……1.Hewon’tcomeback___five.A.beforeB.afterC.by2.Theworkmustbefinished__Friday.A.atB.byC.after3.Wehadthreemeetings___lastFriday.A.inB.beforeC.byTill/until在肯定句中“到……為止”要用延續(xù)性動詞。在否定句中not…until“直到……才”動詞要用短暫性動詞。from…to…表示從…到…Since+過去時間點(diǎn)/for+一段時間常與現(xiàn)

在完成時連用。提問時用howlongIn+一段時間表示將來時，提問時常用

howsoon總結(jié)時間介詞1.Theyoftenhaveparties______Christmas.2.TheyplantogotoHainan______vacation.3.______themorning______March31,shemadeanimportantdecisioninherlife.Fillintheblanks:atonOn4.______thelifetime,HepburnearnedfourmoreOscarnominations.5.Ithasrained______thedaybeforeyesterday.6.ItwasaverylongdayforJack.Hedidn’tgethomefromschool______sixo’clock.

sinceDuringuntilof7.Waithere______therainstops.8.______getoffthebus____itstops.untiluntilDon’t二.地點(diǎn)介詞

1.on在……的上面,與表面接觸

over(反義詞under)

在……的正上方

above(反義詞below)在……上方1.Look!Thereisabridge__theriver.A.onB.overC.above2.Canyouseetheegg___theplate?A.onB.inC.over3.Thelight__usisverybright.A.overB.underC.on4.Thetemperaturewillfall__zeroatnight.A.belowB.aboveC.over5.Suddenlythereisaloudvoice___thetree.A.belowB.aboveC.on6.Thereisaclockonthewall.It’s___theblackboard.A.onB.inC.above7.Aroadis___ourcityandthereismuchtraffic___it.A.on,overB.above,onC.over,on8.Thesunrose___thehorizon(地平線).A.onB.aboveC.over

注意:

on

接觸平面

over

在平面的正上方

above

在上方2.in

+大地方

at

+小地方

on

+門牌，某層樓1.Myunclelive___F12__thefifthfloor.A.at,onB.in,onC.on,at2.Theyarrived___Beijingat12:00andwaitedforabus___thestationtothehotel.A.at,inB.in,onC.in,at3.in里面，排、行、組on左、右邊at前、后部1.Weare__TeamOne.Isit__thefrontoftheclassroom.LiPingis___myleft.A.on,in,atB.in,in,atC.in,at,on2.Ihaveagoodseat.Isit__thebus.A.inthefrontofB.infrontof3.Theteacherisstanding___ourclassandgiveatalk.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofinfrontof

是在物體外部的前面例如:教室前有個花園。

e.g.Thereisagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.

inthefrontof

是在物體內(nèi)部的前面例如:教室前有張桌子。

e.g.Thereisadeskinthefrontoftheclassroom.

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍內(nèi)。over,above和on均表示“在……上面”,over反義詞是under;above反義詞是below;on指兩個物體表面有接觸。

infrontof

表示“在……前面”,反義詞是behind;inthemiddleof

表示“在……的中間”。between表示在兩者之間,among表示“在……中”數(shù)目為三者或三者以上,around表示圍繞在四周。beside表示“在旁邊”,inside表示“在……內(nèi)”,outside表示“在……外”。Conclusion:near/by/nextto表示“在……旁邊”

。opposite表示“在……對面”

。1.Marysits________(在……附近)thewindow.2.Sheissitting_______(在……中間)BettyandTom.3.YaoMingisapopularbasketballplayer________(在……之中)theChinesepeople.4.Ourteacherisstanding_________(在……前面)theblackboard.Fillintheblanks:betweenamongnear/infrontofby5.Myteachersaystheearthmoves_______(圍繞)thesun.6.Thereisashop_________(在……對面)ourschool.

aroundopposite1.in

在某范圍之內(nèi)

to

在某范圍之外

on

與某地相鄰、接壤

1.Chinalies___theeastofAsiaand___thenorthofAustralia.A.in,onB.in,toC.to,in2.Mongoliais___thenorthofChina.A.inB.onC.to三.方位介詞三組表示位置關(guān)系的介詞比較

Bis___theeastofA.Dis___theeastofA.Cis___theeastofA.1.Japanis___theeastofAsia.2.Japanis___theeastofChina.3.Koreais___thenortheastofChina.northsouthwesteastABCDintoonintoonTask3:Runquickly!throughacrossupdownoverround四、Prepositionsofmovement運(yùn)動介詞橫穿從內(nèi)部穿過

across

表面穿過

through

中間穿過

1.Thesunshinecomeintotheroom___thewindow.A.acrossB.throughC.past2.Youcango___theroadhere.A.acrossB.throughC.past3.Canyouswim____theriver.A.acrossB.throughC.pastup

表示“向上”,其反義詞down表示“向下”。

along

表示“沿著”。

into表示進(jìn)入的過程;onto為放上去的過程;out

of為“在……外部”。over表示“越過,跨過,在…正上方”。Conclusion:from表示“從,自”;to表示“向,往,到”。off表示“脫離,不觸及”。

round表示“環(huán)繞,圍繞”。1.Millieiswalking________theroad.(沿著)2.Simonisswimming________thepool.(橫穿)3.Eddieisjumping________thechair.(越過)4.Atrainisgoing_______thetunnel.(穿過)5.Kittyisclimbing_______thehill.(向上)6.Amyiswalking______thesofa______thewindow.7.Sandyisgoing______thelibrary.(去)8.Hoboiswalking_______thetable.(環(huán)繞著)Fillintheblanks:alongthroughacrossoverupfromtotoround9.Hesuddenlyreturned_________________.(在一個寒冷的雨夜)10.Moreandmorepeopleliketosleep__________________.(窗戶開著)11.Hewillbeback______________.(三天后)Fillintheblanks:inthreedaysonacoldrainyday

withthewindowsopenMultiplechoice:1.Where’sAlice?Weareallhere______her.A.besidesB.aboutC.exceptD.with2.Shesentherfriendacardapresent.A.onB.asC.forD.of3.Thefilmisdirected______TimBurton.A.toB.forC.asD.by4.Alicewaslate______theparty.A.forB.toC.withD.of5.Shehadbeenwaiting______10years.A.withB.forC.ofD.at6.Aliceisthegirl______blue.A.withB.ofC.inD.on______五.表方式、方法、手段1.

in

用材料、語言2.

with

用工具、某物3.

by

用方式、方法、手段

1.Mymotheroftengotowork___bike.A.inB.onC.by2.Ifyouareabletogettheticketstomorrow,

pleasetellme___phone.A.throughB.byC.on

3.Theteacheriswritingonthepaper__redinkandtheblackboard__apieceofchalk.A.with,withB.in,withC.with,in4.Canyousayit___English?A.inB.withC.by5.Youcangetsomeinformation__thecomputer.A.inB.onC.by1.between

在兩者之間

among

在……當(dāng)中（三者或以上）

during

在……期間

1.Somesupermarketsopen__8:30and8:00p.m.__theMid-AutumnDay.A.at,duringB.between,duringC.between,in2.Theylived____themountainsinthepast.A.amongB.betweenC.during3.Don’tsit____thetwogirls.

A.amongB.betweenC.during六.其它介詞2.except

除……之外，不包括

besides

除……之外，還包括

1.Everyonepassedtheexam___Tom.A.besidesB.exceptC.for2.__MrLi,fiveteacherswenttothemeeting.A.BesidesB.ExceptC.Beside1.writewith

apen,cutwith

aknife,lockwithakey…____________________使用工具用介詞with2.seewith

oureyes,dowith

ourhands,smellwithournoses,eatwith

ourmouths…____________________使用器官用介詞withPrepositionsofways3.inEnglish,

in

French,

in

yourownwords,inthreelanguages…_____________________4.inaloudvoice,inalowvoice…

______________________5.in

thisway,in

theseways,by

thismeans…

______________________使用語言用介詞in使用聲音用介詞in使用方法用介詞in或by6.bybike,bybus,bytrain,byplane,byship,bycar…(onfoot)byland陸路，byroad陸路bysea水路，byair空運(yùn)

________________________使用交通工具用by但：onthebike,onabus,onatrain,ontheplane,ontheship,inthecar…介詞和動詞的固定搭配。(1)同一動詞和不同介詞的搭配：lookat(看)

lookfor(找)lookafter(照顧)lookover(檢查)lookoutof(朝……外面看)look(a)round(環(huán)視)arrivein＋大地方(到達(dá))arriveat＋小地方(到達(dá))hearof(聽說)hearfrom(收到……的來信)spend＋錢＋onsth.(花錢做某事)spend＋時間＋(in)doingsth.(花時間做某事)同一介詞和不同動詞的搭配：askfor(要求)

leavefor(動身去)sendfor(派人去請)

payfor(付錢)waitfor(等待)agreewithsb(同意某人)beginwith(以……開始)helpwith(在……方面幫助)catchupwith(趕上)geton/alongwith(與……相處)makefriendswith(與……交朋友)(2)同一介詞和不同動詞的搭配：askfor(要求)

leavefor(動身去)sendfor(派人去請)

payfor(付錢)waitfor(等待)agreewithsb(同意某人)beginwith(以……開始)helpwith(在……方面幫助)catchupwith(趕上)geton/alongwith(與……相處)makefriendswith(與……交朋友)(3)其他的介詞和動詞的搭配：listento(聽)

comefrom(來自……)falloff(從……上摔下)

tryout(試驗(yàn))knockat/on(敲)prefer...to...(比起……來還是……好)learnbyoneself(自學(xué))takecareof(照顧)stop...(from)doing(阻止……做……)helponeselfto＋食物(隨便吃……)getto(到達(dá))Thanksto(多虧，由于)介詞和形容詞的常見搭配：begoodat(在……方面好)beweakin(在……方面差)begoodfor(對……有好處)bebadfor(對……有壞處)belatefor(遲到)besorryfor(為……遺憾，抱歉)befullof(充滿)bebusywith(忙于)beangrywith(對某人生氣)beafraidof(害怕)beinterestedin(對……感興趣)bedifferentfrom(與……不同)bestrictwithsb.insth.(在某事上對某人嚴(yán)格)befondof(喜愛)1.害怕2.對……驚訝3.生氣4.對……興奮5.對……滿意6.以……著名7.充滿了8.擅長9.對……感興趣10.遲到11.與……不同

beafraidof

beamazedat

beangrywith

beexcitedabout

bepleasedw