狀語從句專題

高考一輪復(fù)習(xí)之語法專題AdverbialClauses

狀語從句復(fù)合句名詞性從句主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句定語從句狀語從句I.定義在復(fù)合句中作狀語用的從句叫狀語從句。狀語從句，它可以用來修飾謂語（包括非謂語動(dòng)詞）、定語或狀語，或是整個(gè)句子。引導(dǎo)狀語從句的一般為連詞，也可有詞組。狀語從句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。1.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.(

)3.Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()5.Hegotupsoearlythathecaughtthefirstbus.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Ihavemadealotmoremistakesthanyouhave.()時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因目的結(jié)果條件讓步方式II.分類比較引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的連詞：

1.AdverbialClausesofTime:（時(shí)間狀語從句）1.when/while/as2.before/after/since3.till/until4.assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute…,ondoing…h(huán)ardly….when,nosooner….than5.time名詞短語：bythetime,everytime,thefirsttime等。when/as/while用法辨析when(atorduringthetimethat)既可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，也可以引導(dǎo)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，可用于主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，也可用于從句動(dòng)作先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生。e.g.Itwasrainingwhenwearrived.(指時(shí)間點(diǎn))e.g.Whenwewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.(在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)).e.g.Whenthefilmended，thepeoplewentback.

When可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時(shí)，這時(shí)”，相當(dāng)于andatthis/thattime。常用于下列句式：Sb.wasdoingsomethingSb.wasabouttodosth.Sb.haddonesth.

when…注意Iwasdoinghomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Iwasabouttodohomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.Ihaddonehomeworkwhensomeoneknockedthedoor.when/as/while用法辨析While意思是“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”或“在某一段時(shí)間里”。引導(dǎo)的動(dòng)作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動(dòng)作和從句動(dòng)作相對(duì)比。如：e.g.Pleasedon’ttalksoloudwhileothersareworking.e.g.Hefellasleepwhile(heis)reading.e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.(while意思是“趁……”).e.g.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.（表對(duì)比，“然而”）when/as/while用法辨析as

表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，但它著重強(qiáng)調(diào)主句與從句的動(dòng)作或事情同時(shí)或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生?？勺g為“一邊……，一邊……”或“隨著……”e.g.ShecameupasIwascooking.(同時(shí))e.g.Therunnersstartedasthegunwentoff.(幾乎同時(shí))e.g.Astimewenton/by,hegrewup.5）ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,______,infact,Iwastalkingaboutmydaughter.whileafter：“在…之后”用作conj.&prep.e.g.Afterhefinishedhiswork,heleftthere.Hefinishedhisworkbeforeheleftthere.

Afterfinishinghiswork,heleftthere.before/since的用法before做連詞,可以表達(dá)“還未…就；不到…就；趁…；還沒來得及….;才…..”體會(huì)下列句子中before的含義：Wehadsailedfourdays

before

wesawland.Pleasewriteitdown

before

youforgetit.Before

theyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.有關(guān)before的固定句式：Itwillbe+時(shí)間+before…過多久才.Itwas+時(shí)間+before…過了多久就….了.Itwon’tbelong+before…不久之后才會(huì)…Itwasn’tlongbefore…不久之后就…了試著翻譯如下句子：e.g.ItwillbefiveyearsbeforehereturnstoEngland.e.g.Itwon’tbelongbeforewemeetagain.since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，其時(shí)態(tài)若為一般過去時(shí)，主句多用_____時(shí)態(tài)1)Ihaveknownhimeversincehewasaboy.2)IhaveworkedheresinceIgraduatedfrom

theuniversity.完成固定句型：“Itis+時(shí)間段+since從句”e.g.Itis(hasbeen)twoyears

since

hecamehere.肯定句：否定句：e.g.Hewaited

until/tillhismothercameback.e.g.Hewillnotgotobeduntil(till)hismothercomes.until(till);not…until一直...為止，主句謂語動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞直到…才…，主句謂語動(dòng)詞為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞強(qiáng)調(diào)句和倒裝用法：Itisnotuntilhismothercomeshomethathewillgotobed.Notuntilhismothercomeshomewillhegotobed.注意：till不能用在句首assoonas/immediately/directly/instantly

themoment/theminute/thesecond1)Assoonasshegothome,shebegantocook.Ongettinghome,shebegantocook.（介詞）2)Directly

the

master

came

in,

everyone

was

quiet.The

young

lady

rushed

into

the

room

immediately/instantly

she

heard

the

noise.3).The

moment/theminute/thesecondhe

reached

the

country,

he

started

his

search.

4)注意:hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner…than也可以表示“一…就…”,其時(shí)態(tài)搭配為“hardly/scarcely與nosooner引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，when與than引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。nosooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首，應(yīng)用倒裝語序。如：e.g.Hardly

hadwegotintothecountrywhenitbegantorain.他一聽到這個(gè)消息,就暈了過去.Nosooner

had

heheardthenewsthan

hefainted.everytime,eachtime:每次...Everytime/eachtimeIcome,heisreading.引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞：

2.AdverbialClausesofReason

（原因狀語從句）because,since,as,nowthat,for1)because語氣最強(qiáng)，用來回答why提問，可用在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中。e.g.Itwasbecausehewasillthathedidn’tgowithus.2)since語氣比because弱，表示關(guān)系上的自然結(jié)果，一般譯成“既然，鑒于”（往往放于主句之前）e.g.Sincenooneisagainstit,let’scarryouttheplan.（既然沒人反對(duì),…)3)as語氣最弱，只說明一般的因果關(guān)系（可放于主句之前，也可放于主句之后）e.g.Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalkingtoday.4)

nowthat用來說明一種新情況，然后加以推理，nowthat放于句首時(shí)，that可省略。e.g.Now(that)everybodyishere,let’sbegin.5）for它只能置于主句之后，for是并列連詞。對(duì)前面主句的內(nèi)容加以解釋或推斷時(shí)，e.g.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.

1)_______youareill,I’llgoalone.2)Itrainedlastnight,____thegroundiswetthismorning.3)Itwas___________hewasillthathewasabsent.4)Thecardidn’tstopnot______thefuelwasusedup.5).---Whatmadehimsoupset?---______hisbike.A.LosingB.BecausehelostC.BecauseoflosingD.LostSinceforbecausebecauseA小試牛刀引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞：

3.AdverbialClausesofCondition條件狀語從句if/unlessas/solongasonceonconditionthatincaseif1)Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.2)Ifyouworkharder,youwillsucceed.Workharder,andyouwillsucceed.Workharder,oryouwon’tsucceed.Workingharder,youwillsucceed.Unless=ifnote.g.Wecan’twritetoMaryunlessshetellsusheraddress.as/solongase.g.IwillnevergiveuplearningaslongasIlive.e.g.Youmayborrowthebookaslongasyoukeepitclean.oncee.g.Youwillbesuccessfulintheinterviewonceyouhaveconfidence.onconditionthat（條件是）e.g.We’llletyouusetheroomonconditionthatyoukeepittidy.incase(萬一）e.g.You’dbettertakeyourraincoatwithyouincaseitrains.4.AdverbialClausesofPlace(地點(diǎn)狀語從句）

where,whereverWherethereisawill,thereisaway.Thereareflieswhereverthereisdirt.醫(yī)生建議他住在空氣清新的地方。Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldlivewherethereisfreshair.（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）Thedoctorsuggestedheshouldliveintheplacewherethereisfreshair.（定語從句）5.AdverbialClausesofPurpose(目的狀語從句）

sothat/inorderthatTheysetoutearlysothat(inorderthat)theymightarrivethereintime.Theysetoutearlyinorderto(soasto)arrivethereintime.6.AdverbialClausesofResult（結(jié)果狀語從句）

so…that…,such…that…1)ItissogoodastorythatI’llneverforgetit.ItissuchagoodstorythatI’llneverforgetit.itissogoodastory____Iwillneverforget.2)such+adj.+名詞+thatclause3)so+adj./adv.+thatclause4)so+many/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+thatclausemuch/little+不可數(shù)名詞as7.AdverbialClausesofComparison（比較）

as…as,notas(so)…as,more/-er…than,less…than1)Hedoesn’tworksohardasyoudo.2)ThereisasmuchinkinbottleAasinbottleB.3)Themoreyouworry,thelessyou’llsucceed.4)Goldismuchheavierthananyothermetal.8.AdverbialClausesofConcession(讓步)although/though,everif/eventhough即使,whenever(Nomatterwhen),as/though,while盡管,whether…ornot不管……都

1)although與though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句不能與but連用,但可以與yet連用。e.g.Althoughtheyarepoor,(yet)theyarewarm-hearted.

2)_____Iacceptthatheisnotperfect,Idoactuallyliketheperson.（04江蘇）

A.WhileB.SinceC.BeforeD.UnlessA3)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，必須用倒裝；though可以不用倒裝．e.g.Tiredas/thoughtheywere,LucyandLilystayeduplate.Thoughtheworkisdifficult,we’llfinishitontime.4).Whenever(Nomatterwhen)youcometoourcountry,youwillbewarmlywelcomed.e.g.Wherever(Nomatterwhere)hegoes,healwaysbringstwobod