現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)語(yǔ)法講解

thePresentPerfectTense現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主語(yǔ)+have(has)+過去分詞判斷下列句子的時(shí)態(tài)1.Sheworksinafactory.2.Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatthistimeyesterday.3.WearegoingtohaveapicnicthisSunday.4.Theyheldasportsmeetinglastweek.5.Areyouhelpingyourmother?一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)比較現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和過去時(shí)的區(qū)別：*現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表示的是過去的發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，所以不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday，lastnight,threeweeksago,in1990。*一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生聯(lián)系，它可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ihaveseenthefilm.(我了解這部電影的內(nèi)容。)Isawthefilmlastweek.（只說(shuō)明上星期看了這部電影，不涉及現(xiàn)在的情況。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過去分詞havebreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2004IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforthreeyears.Ihavelivedheresince2004/threeyearsago.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：Ilivedhere5yearsago.Ihavelivedherefor5years.Ihavelivedheresince5yearsago.Itis\hasbeen5yearssinceIlivedhere.1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,也就是說(shuō),動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.Ihavelostmywallet.(含義是:現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了.)Janehasjusthadit.(含義是:簡(jiǎn)現(xiàn)在不餓了.)Michaelhasbeenill.(含義是:現(xiàn)在仍然很虛弱)Hehasreturnedfromabroad.(含義是:現(xiàn)在已在此地)

2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以用來(lái)表示發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)刻一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài),常與表示持續(xù)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用.

表示持續(xù)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞多是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。Ihaven’tseenherthesedays.Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.Ihavelivedheresince1998.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)里不能用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的情況:1.for+一段時(shí)間2.since+過去時(shí)間（態(tài)）3.Howlong的疑問句注明：非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：Ihaven’tboughtanythingfortwodays.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可用于肯定句（但是，不能跟一段時(shí)間）。Hehascomeback.Hehascomebackfor2days.(錯(cuò)）Hehasbeenbackfor2days.for和since的運(yùn)用對(duì)比:for:+一段時(shí)間

fortwoweeksforthreeyearssince過去的某一時(shí)刻sincethen，sincelastmonth，since1990

一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句sincesheleft注意:for和since所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都表示一段時(shí)間.Hehasbeenawayforaweek.Hehasbeenawaysincelastweek.對(duì)劃線部分提問都用Howlong3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往同表示不確定的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如already,yet,just,before,recently,still,lately等:Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet

？4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如ever,never,twice,

Haveyouever

beentoBeijing？IhaveneverheardofBunny.Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.5.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時(shí)間在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如just,inthepast\lastfew(3)years,uptonow,sofar,foralongtime(forlong),till\untilnow等:1.Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

2.Uptonoweverythinghasbeensuccessful.

3.Shijiazhuanghaschangedalotinthepast\last3years.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在之前已完成的動(dòng)作,雖然其效果或影響仍然存在但已不再繼續(xù),但是有一些現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子,在后面加上for+一段時(shí)間,則現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的動(dòng)作就表示延續(xù)性.TomhasstudiedEnglish.(現(xiàn)在不再學(xué)英語(yǔ)了)Tomhasstudied

English

forthreeyears.(=ThomasbegantostudyRussianthreeyearsago,andheisstillstudyingitnow.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的“完成”和“未完成”用法7.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用來(lái)表示過去的一個(gè)時(shí)間到現(xiàn)在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用；2.都表示過去發(fā)生的事3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（last,ago,yesterday,etc.）presentpastIhavelivedherefortwoyearsIlivedthere2yearsago現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別

當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某時(shí)的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而多用一般過去時(shí)。

IsawMaryanhourago.Shelostherhandbagyesterday.Next

有些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，既能用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，又能用于一般過去時(shí)，但意義上有差別。I’vewrittenthreelettersthismorning.（說(shuō)話時(shí)仍是上午）Iwrotethreelettersthismorning.

（說(shuō)話時(shí)仍是上午或晚上）Next

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或事情發(fā)生在過去，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且還有可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去；而一般過去時(shí)只表示發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作或事情。

Ihavetaughtthisclassfortenyears.

（還在教）

Itaughtthisclassfortwoyears.

（曾教過兩年，現(xiàn)在不教了）1.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.2.他感冒三天了.

Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)同義轉(zhuǎn)換3.我借的這本書一周多了.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.4.我成為一個(gè)學(xué)生兩年多了.Ihavebeenastudentforovertwoyears.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.Ibecameastudenttwoyearsago.5.MrBlack死了三年了。MrBlackhasbeendeadforthreeyears.MrBlackdiedthreeyearsago.重點(diǎn)句型:

Itis/hasbeen+段時(shí)間+since從句

eg.兩年前他來(lái)這兒了。Hecameheretwoyearsago.Hehasbeenherefortwoyears/sincetwoyearsagoItis/hasbeentwoyearssincehecamehere.Twoyearshaspassedsincehecamehere.注:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀yesterday,lastyear,in1980,threedaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等連用1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)句中常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)A.表示從過去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,不能是具體過去時(shí)間

(1).for+表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)

(2).since+表示過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)

(3).since+表示過去時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句eg.Ihavebeenateacher______ayear.Hehasbeenatthisschool_______1992.Wehavelearned1,000Englishwords_______wecametothisschool.forsincesincePayattention注意不能是具體過去時(shí)間

B.just,already,yet,before/ever,never

有此類副詞時(shí),常強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作完成,不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù).

eg.Haveyou_____beentoJapan?Ihave_____finishedmyhomework.Ihavefinishedmyhomework______.

Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomework____.everjustalreadyyet2.區(qū)分短暫性動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.

英語(yǔ)的行為動(dòng)詞大體可以分為兩大類型：一是延續(xù)性的動(dòng)詞，二是短暫性動(dòng)詞。延續(xù)行動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作意義不會(huì)一下完成，而是可以延續(xù)、發(fā)展的動(dòng)詞。如：work,read,write,study等,短暫性動(dòng)詞是指那些動(dòng)作一次完成，不能延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞。如：come,go,buy,die,等。表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中不能和一段時(shí)間連用.即for,since短語(yǔ)或howlong問句Ihavebought

thispenfortwomonths.Ihavehadthispenfortwomonths.Howlonghaveyou_____thispen.hadTheplayhasbegunforanhour.hasbeenonforanhour.結(jié)束性動(dòng)詞不能和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,但是他可以轉(zhuǎn)換成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.1.直接用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞

buy–havecatch(get)acold–haveacoldborrow—keepCome/go/become—beputon--wear2.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+名詞

jointhearmy–beasoldierJointheParty–beaPartymembergotoschool–beastudent3轉(zhuǎn)換成be+形容詞或副詞

die—bedeadfinish–beoverbegin—beonleave—beawayfallsleep–beasleepclose–beclosed4.轉(zhuǎn)換成be+介詞短語(yǔ)

gotoschool–beinschooljointhearmy–beinthearmy1.我們買這本書三年了.Wehavehadthebookforthreeyears.2.他感冒三天了.

Hehashadacoldforthreedays.Weboughtthebookthreeyearsago.Hecaughtacoldthreedaysago.一般過去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)可以構(gòu)成同意句非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞buyhaveborrowkeepclosebeclosedopenbeopencometo,gotobein(at)joinbeamemberof,bea…member,bein,movetoliveindiebedeadleave/gobeaway(from)wakeawakestart,beginbeonend/finishbeoverfallasleep,gettosleepbeasleepfall/getill/sickbeill/sickgetupbeup非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞return,comeback,getback,gobackbebackreach,arrivein/at,gettobein(at)get,turn,become(變得；成為)behearfrom,get/receivealetterfromhavealetterfromgooutbeoutcatchacoldhaveacoldputonwear非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞（瞬間動(dòng)詞、點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞）延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Correcting

1.Ihaveborrowedthebookfor3months.2.Mybotherhasjoinedthearmysincehewas3.JackandTomhavelivedheresince5years.4.ThefilmhasbeenonsinceIhavecometothecinema.5.WhenhasMr.Licaughtabadcold?

havekepthasbeenin/beenamemberofthearmysince5yearsago/for5yearscamedidcatch6.Tenyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.7.JimhasgonetoBeijingfor2years.8.Whattimehavethefactoryopened?9.IhavegonetoChunhuaMiddleSchooltwice10,Thedoghasdiedforamonth.

hashasbeenindidopenbeentobeendeadhave(has)gone和have(has)been,have(has)beenin的區(qū)別1.have(has)gone(to)表示“已經(jīng)去某地了”（還沒回來(lái)）ShehasgonetoShanghai.(她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，總之現(xiàn)在不在這里。)2.have(has)been(to)表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”（是一種經(jīng)歷，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來(lái)了或就在說(shuō)話地),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever連用。ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.(她已經(jīng)不在上海，只說(shuō)明她曾經(jīng)去過。)3.have(has)beenin表示“待在某地”，和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。Hehasbeen

inAmericafor6years.1.______you______England?Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.Had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is2.----_______you_______toBeijing?----No,I______.I______thereearlynextmonth.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoingC.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing3.---Yousister______toLondontostudyEnglish.Isthattrue?---Yes,she___therefortwomonths.hasbeen,hasbeenB.willgo,hasgoneC.gone,willbeD.hasgone,hasbeen4.—WhereisLiLei?—He___Shanghai.hasgoneto B.hasbeentoC.wentto D.goesto5.David_______Shanghaiformorethanthreemonths.cameto B.hasbeentoC.hasbeenin D.hascometo用have/hasbeento/in,havegoneto的各種形式填空。WhereisJack?He________hiscountry.John_______Englandsincehecameback.Howlong_____he_____thisvillage?TheSmiths______Beijingforyears._____youever____America?--Yes,I_____ther