四級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作方法及練習(xí)

四級(jí)寫作--------寫作方法Contents

實(shí)用句型寫作模板四級(jí)寫作大綱要求歷屆四級(jí)作文回顧四級(jí)分段式寫作方法寫作選取考生熟悉的題材。考生需根據(jù)規(guī)定的題目和提供的提綱、情景、圖片或圖表等，寫出一篇不少于120詞的短文。寫作要求是思想表達(dá)正確、意義連貫、無(wú)嚴(yán)重語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤。考試時(shí)間30分鐘。大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試寫作部分要求考生達(dá)到教育部高等教育司最新《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課程教學(xué)要求》（教學(xué)大綱）中的一般要求，即“能完成一般性寫作任務(wù)；能描述個(gè)人經(jīng)歷、觀感、情感和發(fā)生的事件等；能寫常見的應(yīng)用文；能就一般性話題或提綱在半小時(shí)內(nèi)寫出120個(gè)詞的短文，內(nèi)容基本完整，用詞恰當(dāng)，語(yǔ)意連貫。能掌握基本的寫作技能?！贝缶V要求：IntroductionA思想表達(dá)

1.表達(dá)中心思想寫作

2.表達(dá)重要和特定信息

3.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度等B篇章組織

4.圍繞所給的題目敘述、議論或描述，突出重點(diǎn)

5.連貫地組句成段、組段成篇考核技能：IntroductionC語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用

6.運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~匯

7.運(yùn)用正確的語(yǔ)法

8.運(yùn)用合適的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

9.使用正確的標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)

10.運(yùn)用銜接手段表達(dá)句間關(guān)系（如對(duì)比、原因、結(jié)果、程度、目的等）

D寫作格式

11.運(yùn)用正確的符合英語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的寫作格式

考核技能真題回顧：2011年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文Outlines:1.堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的意志是成功的重要保證。2.意志堅(jiān)定的人才能完成偉大的使命3.學(xué)生也是這樣，不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，終究不會(huì)成為有用之才NothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongNothingrunssmoothlyinourlife.Toachievethingssuccessfully,astrongwillisessential.LifeislikeaMarathon.Manypeoplecan’tgettotheterminal.Thisisnotbecausetheyarelackofvitalitybutbecausetheirwillofsuccessisnotstrongenough.Totakequittingsmokingasanexample,someregarditasapieceofcake.Theymakeuptheirmindstoquititinthemorning,butintheeveningtheyfeelthatthesmellofcigarettesistempting.Theirthroatsaresore,theirmouthsarethirsty,andtheirhandsareshaking.Afterthepainfulmentalstruggle,theytellthemselvesthat“Onecigaretteisenough.Justtakeone,andthenextdayIwillquitit.”Bydoingthis,theysurrendertotheirweakwill.Intheend,theyhavequittedsmoking“ahundredtimes”,butinnotimetheysucceed.Justlikequittingsmoking,nothingsucceedswithoutastrongwill.Tobesuccessfulinone’slife,astrongwillmeansthatyouknowwhereyougoandyouwillpersistontheroadyouchoose.Undoubtedlysuccessbelongstothosewhoovercometheirweakwillandwhohanginthereuntilthelastminute.2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文1．現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物已成為一種時(shí)尚2．網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物有很多好處，但也有不少問(wèn)題3．我的建議注意：此部分試題在答題卡1上。DoingShoppingOnlineWiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,shoppingisnolongeratiringthing.Justclickyourmousetochoosethearticlesyoulike,andthepurchaseisdone.Youdon'tevenhavetostepoutoftheroom.Itseemsalleasyandquick.However,people'sopinionsvaryonthistrend.Somebelievethatonlineshoppingistimeandmoneysaving.Withplentifulselectionoptions,theycanbuywhatevertheylikeatanytimeconvenient.Stillothersinsistthatmis-purchasingaloneisannoyingenough,nottomentionthecredibilityofthesellersandthesafetyoftheiraccounts.Inmyopinion,theconvenienceandexcitementofonlineshoppingisbeyondalldoubts.Inthemeantime,wemustalwaysbearinmindthatcertaintrapsdoexist,sowe'dbettermakesurethesellersaretrustworthybeforebuying.Inaddition,weshouldalsoguardourselvesfromthepotentialhackerswhomightstealouraccountinformation.2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題

1.目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2.為了讓孩子獨(dú)立,父母應(yīng)該……HowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?參考范文HelpChildrentoBeIndependentThankstothe“familyplan”policy,todayinChinamanyfamilieshaveonechild.LovingandcaringforchildrenisanoldChinesetraditionthathasremainedforthousandsofyears.Butthechildrenarespoiltsomuchthattheyhavelessindependence.Theyrelyontheirparentsineverything.Thatisbadforachild'sgrowing.Therefore,parentsshoulddevelopthechildren'sindependenceinsteadofdoingeverythingforthem.Therearesomewaystohelpchildrentobeindependent.Firstofall,youshouldbelieveyourchildrencandothethingswell.Second,givethemmorechancestopractice,whentheydon'tknowhowtodoit,justtellthemtheway.Third,don'tbeafraidtoseethemfail.Inthebeginning,theymaydosomethingbad.Butdon'tworry,justletthemtryagain.Theycandotheworkaswellasyouifgivenmoretime.Tobeindependentisgoodforthechildren.Achildwhoisindependentwillsucceedeasilyinthefuture.2010年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題1.如今不少學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中不重視拼寫

2.出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為…DueAttentionShouldBeGivenToSpelling

CorrectspellingisabasicskillinEnglishstudy.However,nowadaysmanystudentsdonotpaymuchattentiontoit.

Theyhavetheirownreasonsformisspelling.Firstofall,theylikeaneasywayofstudying,whichcausessomeomissionsandchangesinspelling.Second,theteachersmightnotbeverystrictinstudents’spelling.InChina,teachersseemtobemoreconcernedwithgrammarandvocabularybutnotspelling.

Tochangethissituation,inmyopinion,theteachersandthestudentsshouldworktogether.Ononeand,theteachersshouldgivemoreattentiontostudents’spelling,askingthestudentstobeconsciousoftheimportanceofcorrectspellingfromtheverybeginningoftheirEnglishstudy.Ontheotherhand,thestudentsthemselvesaresupposedtobeawarethatcorrectspellingisamustinEnglishstudy.

Tosumup,correctspellingissoimportantthatbothstudentsandtheteachersshouldsparenoeffortstoachievecorrectspelling.2009年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題1.建設(shè)綠色校園很重要

2.綠色校園不僅指綠色的環(huán)境……

3.為了建設(shè)綠色校園，我們應(yīng)該……CreatingaGreenCampus

Recently,withtheideaofmakingandmaintaining“agreenearth”beingthefocusofthesociety,“greencampus”hasbecomeamoreandmorepopularconceptinuniversitiesorcolleges,which,undoubtedly,willbringusanever-lastingbenefittobothourcampusandoursociety.

Theconceptof“greencampus”doesnotonlymeanagreenenvironmentbutalsoreferstoanenvironmentalsenseinpeople’smind.Campusplaysacrucialroleineducatingtheyounggenerationandtheconsciousnessof“greencampus”willdefinitelyproduceaprofoundeffectonstudents’variousenvironmentalprotectionactivitiesaftertheirgraduation.What’smore,theyounggenerationisundertheburdenofsevereenvironmentalpollutionandtherearemanyproblemswaitingforthemtosolve.

Tomake“greencampus”cometrue,firstly,itisnecessarytoworkouteffectiveprinciplesforthedevelopmentofsustainableandrecyclablecampus.Secondly,itcallsforpeople’sawarenessoftheseriouspollutionaroundusandactualactiontoreducethewaste.Lastbutnotleast,itisnecessarytostrengthenthetiesbetweencampusandsociety,soastoensurethat“greencampus”canworksmoothlywiththeco-effortofthewholesociety.2009年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題1.越來(lái)越多的博物館免費(fèi)對(duì)外開放的目的是什么？2.也會(huì)帶來(lái)一些問(wèn)題3.你的看法？FreeAdmissiontoMuseumsNowadays,anincreasingnumberofmuseumsareadmission-freetovisitorshomeandabroad.Thehiddenreasonbehindthisisnothardtoanalyzeasthere’sagrowingawarenessfortheauthoritiesregardingtheurgencyofpopularizationofculture,knowledgeandhistorywitheveryaveragepersoninoursociety.Onlywithfreeaccesstothislive‘database’,canmostpeoplefullyenjoywhatmuseumscouldoffertothem.However,freeadmissiontomuseumsmightleadtosomesocialproblemsaswell.Themostobviousproblemisthatitmightgivemuseumsaveryheavyeconomicburdenwhichdirectlyimpedesthesustainabledevelopmentoftheseorganizations.Asaresult,ourgovernmenthastoworkoutotherwaystocollectfundsfromdifferentchannels,whichmightbedifficulttooperateorcontrol.Ontheotherhand,freeadmissionattractstoomanyvisitors,someofwhichmightnotbewell-purposedanddosomeconsciousorunconsciousdamagetothevaluabletreasureswhichusedtobewell-preservedinthemuseums.Asauniversitystudent,Iaminfavorofthefree-admissionconduct.Yetitisproposedthatsomemeasuresshouldbetakentosolvethepotentialproblemscausedbyit.Forexample,museumscanmakesomeregulationstoguidethebehaviorofvisitorsorsetsome‘closed’daysformuseumsforregularmaintenance.Onlyinthiswaycanfree-admissiontomuseumsbecomealong-lastingphenomenonandhavesustainabledevelopment.2008年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題怎樣改善學(xué)生的心理健康1.學(xué)生心理健康的重要性2.學(xué)校應(yīng)該怎樣做3.學(xué)生自己應(yīng)該怎樣做Howtoimprovepsychologicalhealth?Asisknowntoall,psychologicalhealthisasimportantas,ifnotmoreimportantthan,physicalhealthforastudentduringhis/hergrowth.However,it'squiteworryingthatnowadayssomestudentsarenotquitepsychologicallyhealthy.Undoubtedly,schoolsanduniversitiesshouldtakegreataccountintheresponsibilitiesofstudents'psychologicalhealth.Relevantcoursesandactivitiesshouldbeintroducedtostudentssothattheywouldbemoreawareofthesignificanceofpsychologicalhealthandfindappropriatewaystomaintainandimproveit.Forexample,thereshouldbeapsychologicalcounselinghotlineorofficeforstudentstoturntowhentheyneedsomepsychologicalaid.Ofcoursenopsychologicalhealthcanbeobtainedwithouttheeffortsfromthestudentsthemselves.Frommyperspective,whattheycandoistryingtostaypositive,optimisticandfollowtherightguidelinesfromtheirschools.Tobemorespecific,theycanparticipateinsomeactivitiessuchasvoluntaryworktocultivateanopeningandcaringmind.Meanwhile,harmfulimpactsfromthecyberspaceshoulddefinitelybeavoided.2008年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題1.有人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以讓學(xué)習(xí)、工作更有效率2.還有人認(rèn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)讓青少年沉迷，進(jìn)而影響學(xué)習(xí)3.你對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的看法參考范文 TheInternetIntheeraofinformationandtechnology,theInternethasplayedanimportantroleinoursociety.WiththeInternet,it'seasytogettheinformationweneed,improvingtheefficiencyofourstudyandwork.Wecan'tdenythatitisimpossibleforlotsofpeopletoachievegreatsuccessinthemodernsocietywithouttheInternet.However,somepeoplethinkthattheInternethasabadeffectonthegrowthoftheteenagers.TheteenagersaretooyoungtoresistsometemptationsfromtheInternet.SomeofthemindulgethemselvesintheInternetandatlastareluredawayfromthestudy.Inmyopinion,weshouldpaymoreattentiontotheadvantagesoftheInternetandmakethemostofit.Meanwhile,weshouldteachtheteenagershowtousetheInternetpositively,andmaketheInternetatoolfortheirhealthydevelopment.2007年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題

1、各大學(xué)開設(shè)了各種各樣的選修課

2、學(xué)生因?yàn)楦鞣N原因選擇了不同的選修課3、以你自己為例……

WhatElectivesToChoose

WiththereformofChinesehighereducation,moreandmorecollegesanduniversitiesputemphasisonnurturingstudents’abilities.Asaresult,electivecoursesareavailablenotonlyforexcellentacademicperformersbutalsoforstudentsabouttheaveragelevel.

Certainly,studentshavedifferentreasonstochoosetheirownelectives.Forsome,practicalskillsaretheessenceofcollegeeducation,andtherefore,coursesoncomputerscience,marketing,andfinancearehighlypreferred.Ontheotherhand,othersmayholdtheideaofliberaleducationandelectivesconcerningliterature,history,andphilosophyarethemostwelcome.

Takemeasanexample:beingadiscipleoffreeeducation,Istandforthenotionthatuniversityisnotaplaceforsurvivalskills,butapalaceofknowledgeandcriticalreasoning.Althoughmymajorischemistry,theelectivesIattendmostfrequentlyareEnglishliterature,anIntroductiontoClassicMusic,andDifferentSchoolsofWesternPainting.Theyreallywidenmyhorizon.2007年06月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題歡迎辭，歡迎加入俱樂部。標(biāo)題：Welcometoourclub本文要求考生寫一篇?dú)g迎辭，屬于一篇應(yīng)用文寫作，與04年6月的導(dǎo)游詞類似，筆者認(rèn)為難度不大，可按照以下提綱書寫：

1.表達(dá)你的歡迎；

2.對(duì)你們的俱樂部作一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)要介紹。參考范文： LadiesandGentlemen,

Firstofall,pleaseallowmetoexpressthemostheartfeltwelcometoallofyouonbehalfofourEnglishClub.Wehavebeenlookingforwardtoseeingyouforlong.Itisawonderfuldaytoday.

NowIwouldliketobriefmyclubtoyousinceIwanttoleavethemostwonderfulforyoutodiscover.Ourclub,organizingvariousactivitiesregularlycateringfortheneedsofparticipants,iswell-knownamongmanyEnglishlearners.IfyouwanttomeetnativeEnglishspeakers,pleasejoinus.IfyouwanttospeakEnglishnotonlyaccuratelybutalsofluently,pleasejoinus.IfyouwanttodiscoverthemostattractiveaspectsinEnglish,pleasejoinus.IdohopethatyouwillenjoyyourjourneyofEnglishstudywithus.Thankyou!

SincerelyYours

LiMing2012年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題

1.許多商品都存在過(guò)度包裝的現(xiàn)象

2.出現(xiàn)這種現(xiàn)象的原因及其帶來(lái)的后果

3.為了改變這種狀況，我認(rèn)為……

On

Excessive

Packaging

I

assume

that

you

are

familiar

with

the

phenomenon

of

“Excessive

Packaging”.

Taking

a

look

around，we

can

find

examples

with

ease：a

small

computer

is

packed

in

a

thick

and

heavycarton，clothes

are

putted

in

a

well-designed

plastic

bagsand

moon-cakes

are

usually

placed

in

delicate

boxes.

What

are

the

causes

of

this

problem?

On

the

one

hand,

to

earn

moreeconomic

gains,

a

considerable

number

of

manufactures

usually

wrap

their

products

with

unnecessary

but

appealing

materials

aiming

at

attracting

customer’s

attention

,

arousing

their

curiosity

and

then

stimulating

their

purchasing

desire.

On

the

other

hand,

quite

a

few

customers

believe

that

the

moredelicate

the

package

seems，the

superior

the

quality

will

be,the

notion

has

also

encouraged

the

trend

of

excessive

packaging.

To

change

this

situation,

I

think

we

should

take

the

following

measures.

First,

laws

must

be

made

and

implemented

to

impose

restriction

onexcessive

packaging.

Moreover,

a

public

education

campaign

should

be

launched

to

arouse

customers'

consciousness

that

packaging

doesn't

equal

to

quality.

Only

in

this

way

can

we

put

an

end

to

this

trend.

(185words)2012年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題1.你的基本情況yourbasicinformation12.你申請(qǐng)貸款的原因、數(shù)額及用途youreasonfortheloan,theamountandpurpose3.你如何保證?？顚Ｓ靡约澳愕倪€款打算參考范文：EducationPaysTheabovebarchartclearlyshowsuseducationpaysin2010.Weseethatunemploymentrateofthosewithhighereducationbackgroundismuchlowerthanthosewithlowereducationdegree.Forinstance,theunemploymentrateofcollegestudentswithnodegreeisashighas14.9%whilethatofthosewithdoctoraldegreeisonly1.9%.Thefollowingreason,inmyopinion,isthemostimportantonetoaccountforthisphenomenon.Comparedwiththosewithcomparativelylowereducationdegree,peoplewhohavereceivedhighereducationpossessconsiderablywiderknowledge,moreremarkablelearningandresearchability,greaterinnovationandmostofall,resourcefulsocialnetwork,allofwhichmakethemmorequalifiedandcompetentfortheirtask.Thus,theyarelesslikelytolosetheirjobs.Thisphenomenontellsusthateducationisaworthyinvestment.Therefore,educationinvestmentshouldbestrengthenedwhilewe,ascollegestudents,shouldstudyhardertoavoidunemployment.2013年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文真題對(duì)白：子：Dad,I‘mabitworriedaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste.父：Ifyoucanemptythedustbin

here,youcandoanything!

圖畫作文分析：作文的第一段，要進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單描繪圖畫內(nèi)容，這是必須的，也是題目中強(qiáng)制要求的（abriefdescriptionofthepicture）。描述的時(shí)候，只要把父子兩的對(duì)話移植到第一段，然后把父親手指垃圾桶的動(dòng)作描繪一下就可以了，非常簡(jiǎn)單。作文的第二段，進(jìn)行主旨提煉并且論述。這幅圖畫很容易看出主題，那就是做大事之前，要先做小事（一屋不掃，何以掃天下）,而且題目中其實(shí)早就已經(jīng)透露了主題了（expressyourviewsontheimportanceofdoingsmallthingsbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.）因此，第二段通篇論述小事做起的重要性就可以了。屬于我在課堂上講過(guò)的作文三大分類之“積極主題，論述意義”作文第三段，總結(jié)，啟發(fā)。這一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)小事做起的意義，我們不能低估他的威力。文章最后可以以名人名言作為結(jié)尾。參考范文一：

Inthispicture,wecantellthatthesonistalkingtohisfatherabouthisconcernaboutthenuclearwaste.Hisfathertoldhimthatifhecanemptythedustbinfirst,hecandoanything.Thisisaneasybutveryimportantstory,tellingusthatwehavetofocusonthingsaroundourdailylifefirst,andthenthethingsgreatenoughintheworld.

Inourdailylife,itisverycommontofindsomepeoplethattalkabouttheirgreatmindsontopicsthatfarawayfromtheirlives.However,theyprovidelittleconcernonstaffsthataroundtheirowndailylives.Thesepeopleareusuallynotverysuccessfulbecausetheirmindsarebeyondtheirgrasp.Tothisend,studentswhowanttobeabetterman,havetoknowthatonecanbecomegreaterandgreateriftheycancompletethingsaroundtheirdailylifewellonebyone.Theymaystandonthetopofthemountaininthesocietyfinally.

參考范文二：

Justasisrevealedinthepictureabove,theyoung,nowadays,justliketheboyinthedrawing,arepronetoreachforwhatisbeyondtheirgrasp,butignorethesignificanceofdoingsomethingtrivialandsimplebeforeaccomplishinggreatfeats.

Thereisnodoubtthatthesymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedinthepictureshouldbegivendeepconsideration.Asweallknow,amanwhodoesnotsweeparoom,doesn'tmentiontosweeptheworld.Inotherwords,thefoundationsofabuildingmustbestrong,orelsethewholestructurewillfalldownsomeday.Therefore,whenitcomestothekeytosuccess,themostimportantthingliesindoingeverytinythingwellaroundyou.

Asthesayinggoes,“thehighesteminenceistobegainedstepbystep.”Toachievethegoal,notmerelydoweneedambition;wealsoneedtorealizetheimportanceofdealingwithtrivialityfromthebeginning.Onlyinthiswaycanwegetonthewaytosuccessdowntoearth.

參考范文三：

Thepictureshowsusadialoguebetweenafatherandason.Thesontoldhisfather,“Dad,I’mabitworriedaboutdisposingofnuclearwaste”.Whilehisfathertoldhim,“Ifyoucanemptythedustbinhereyoucandoanything”.Itrevealstheimportanceofdoingsmallthingswellbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.ThereisalsoanoldChinesesayingtogowiththisthatapersoncan’tsweeptheworldbeforehecansweephisownroom.

Iagreeonthepointthatitisofgreatimportanceforapersontodosmallthingswellbeforeundertakingsomethingbig.Firstofall,doingsmallthingswellentailthequalitiesthatneededindoinggreatthingssuchaspatienceandabilityofcontrollingtime.Forexample,whenwesweepourroom,weneedtomanageourtimeandenergyreasonably.Accordingly,ifwesweepabiggerroom,forexample,aclassroomwithourclassmates,weshouldlearnhowtocooperateandallotassignmentsaswell.Andabigadvantageisthatwecandrawusefullessonsfromthefailureofperformingwellbecausetheydidn’tcostalot.

Inanotherword,thoughthesethingsseemtrivial,theyreinforceourmanipulativeabilityandthusourunderstandingtotheworld.Therefore,weshouldnotignorethesmallthings.

圖片、圖表作文的模版圖片模板：Itseemstomethatthecartoon/drawingissendingamessageabout____________（圖畫內(nèi)容），whichreveals

____________（稍作評(píng)價(jià)）.Inmyperspectiveofview,____________（表明個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)）。Apparently,____________（將個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)和圖片內(nèi)容相結(jié)合，得出觀點(diǎn)。）Foronething,____________（從社會(huì)角度論證）.Foranotherthing,____________（從個(gè)人角度說(shuō)明）.Forexample,____________（自己、朋友或他人，只要自己知道或聽過(guò)的例子）.Lastbutnotleast,____________（從反面角度談?wù)摚?Asaresult,thedraweroftheillustrationisurgingusto_____________（建議或措施）.Onlyinthiswaycanwe

____________（展望結(jié)果）.Inconclusion/Tomyunderstanding,____________（再次表明觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度）.Weshould____________（進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明個(gè)人的觀點(diǎn)）.圖表模板：Accordingtothebarchart/piechart/linegraphdisplaysthechangesinthenumberof____________（圖表整體趨勢(shì)）.Therewasanincreasein____________（圖表細(xì)節(jié)）.Atthepointof____________,____________reachesitspeakvalueof____________(數(shù)據(jù)或變化).Whathascausedthesechanges?Therearemainlythreereasons.Firstly,____________（原因一）.Secondly,____________（原因二）.Thenumberof____________increasedovertheperiod.____________roseby_________from________to________________.Andtherewere____________.Finally,____________（最后一個(gè)原因）.Inconclusion/Wecansafelydrawtheconclusionthat____________（結(jié)論）.Therefore,____________（進(jìn)一步談?wù)摳鄠€(gè)人想法）.

英語(yǔ)寫作的開篇方法:1.開門見山法文章一開頭就點(diǎn)明主題，把中心思想一目了然地呈現(xiàn)給讀者。這是六級(jí)作文最常用的一種開篇方法。

1)Whetheryouareasmokeroranonsmoker,youshouldtakemeasurestoprotectyourlungs.

2)Happinessiseasytofindandeasytolose.Itdependsonthewayyoulookatlife.

3)Communicationwithotherpeoplebytelephoneisveryconvenient,especiallywhenyouhavesomethingurgent.

4)It'shightimethatcollegestudentsgottoknowtheworldoutsidethecampus.

5)Thedictionaryisalivingteacher.Wheneveryoucomeacrossanewword,justconsultitandyouwillgetacleardefinition.2.交代背景法開篇就把事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物及情景等交代的清清楚楚。這種方法多用于敘述文和描寫文。

1)Itwascoldandbleakinthelatewinter.Thenightwasdark;notastarwastobeseeninthegloomyanddismalsky.Thenorthwindwashowlingdreadfullyoutsidethehouse,likethescreamsofsomewoundedwildbeasts.

2)Todayismybirthday.ItisthefirsttimethatIspentmybirthdayintheUnitedStates.Beingaloneandfarawayfromhome,Iintendedtospendthedayquietlyallmyself.

3)Ihavealwaysbeenfondofwriting.EversinceIwasalittlechild,Iliketoscribblesomemeaninglesswords.Later,whenIwasalittleolder,Iporedoverthefamousstories,and...

4)Notveryfarfrommyhouseliesseashoreinthesouth.Wecangothereonfootinabouttenminutes.Insummereveningwhensunissetting,...3.提出問(wèn)題法用提出問(wèn)題的方法引出文章的主題，以激起讀者的閱讀興趣。其后可以針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題進(jìn)行解答，這樣也就展開了段落。這種方法可用于各種文體。

1)Whatissuccess?Differentpeoplemaygivedifferentanswerstothisquestion.Somepeoplethinkthat...

2)Whatmakeslifeworthliving?Therearemanypossibleanswerstothisquestion,suchas...

3)Haveyoueversaid“No”toanyonewhoasksyouforhelp?OnceaclosefriendofmineaskedmetotakeanEnglishexamforhim,....

4)Canwealthbringhappiness?Differentpeoplehavedifferentopinionsaboutthis.Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthatwealthissourceofhappiness.Somepeople...

5)Wealthorhealth,whichismoreimportant?Someyoungpeoplethinkthattheyareyoungandingoodhealth,andthatthemostimportantthingforthemistomakemoremoney...4.警句名言法所謂“警句名言”指人們耳熟能詳?shù)闹V語(yǔ)、習(xí)語(yǔ)、俗語(yǔ)、警句、名人名言或偉人的論述等，它們常常具有權(quán)威性或其道理已為大家公認(rèn)。由此開篇可以增強(qiáng)文章的說(shuō)服力。但要注意你所引述的警句名言一定要“名”，家喻戶曉，人所共知，不可引述生僻的名言。另外，一般是用直接引語(yǔ)來(lái)引述，所以務(wù)必準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤。

1)Aproverbsays,“Timeismoney.”Butinmyopinion,timeisevenmorepreciousthanmoney.Because...

2)Asanoldsayinggoes,“Artislong,butlifeisshort.”Wehaveonlylimitedtimetoobtainunlimitedknowledge.

3)“Practicemakesperfect.”Thisself-evidentproverbmeansdoingsomethingrepeatedlyistheonlywaytobecomeverygoodatit.

4)AsanancientChineseproverbgoes,“Thewholeyear'sworkdependsonagoodstartinspring;thewholeday'sworkdependsonagoodstartinthemorning.”Thatisquitetrue.

5)“Knowledgeispower.”SuchistheremarkmadebyFranciscoBacon.Thisremarkhasbeensharedbymoreandmorepeople.

5.數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)法此方法就是引用一些具體的，已經(jīng)證實(shí)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字來(lái)引出文章的主題。然后以這些數(shù)據(jù)作為證據(jù)，來(lái)論述、解釋、說(shuō)明你要表達(dá)的思想，這樣開頭可信度高，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)。使用此法時(shí)，要注意所引述的數(shù)據(jù)或數(shù)字一定要準(zhǔn)確，有來(lái)源，切不可為了說(shuō)明某一問(wèn)題而杜撰數(shù)據(jù)。此法主要用于說(shuō)明文和議論文中，圖表作文中用的最多。

1)Unemploymentrosefrom7.5%inJune2002to7.8%inJuly2002,thehighestratesinceJanuaryofthatyear,theLaborDepartmentreported.

2)Accordingtoarecentpoll,61percentofAmericanhighschoolstudentshaveadmittedtocheatingonexamatleastonce.

3)Thereare7billionpeopleintheworld(2000figure),andthesmokersareabout1.4billion,whichmakeup20percentoftheworld'stotalpopulation.例1)是一篇關(guān)于失業(yè)問(wèn)題的短文。文章的一開頭就引用了來(lái)自勞動(dòng)部的報(bào)告：失業(yè)率從2002年6月的7.5%上升到7月的7.8%，達(dá)到本年自元月份起的最高點(diǎn)。這一具體的數(shù)字有力論證了中心思想——失業(yè)問(wèn)題的嚴(yán)重性。例2)和例3)同樣是在文章的開頭使用具體的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字，分別說(shuō)明美國(guó)中學(xué)生作弊的普遍性和世界吸煙人數(shù)之多。

6.比較對(duì)比法

在作文的開頭把人們熟悉的人物或事物與其他的人物或事物放在一起分析它們的相似之處或不同之處。通過(guò)比較對(duì)比，強(qiáng)調(diào)某一人物或事物，使讀者對(duì)其有更為深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解。

1)Allpeoplewillagreethatwithoutwaternolivingthingscansurvive.Butnotallpeoplehaverealizedthatfreshwatercanbeusedup.Somesay:“Thereisinexhaustiblefreshwaterinriver,wells,lakesandsoon.”

2)Therelationshipbetweenateacherandastudentcanbegoodorbad,helpfulorharmful.Eitherway,therelationshipcanaffectthestudentfortherestofhislife.Agoodteach-studentrelationshipwillmakelearningenjoyableandinteresting,whereasabadrelationshipcandiscouragethestudentfromlearningandmaketeachinganunpleasanttask.

3)AreyouawareofthestrikingsimilaritiesbetweentwoofthemostpopularU.S.presidents,AbrahamLincolnandJohnF.Kennedy?LincolnandKennedyarebothrememberedfortheirsenseofhumor,aswellasfortheirinterestincivilrights.

4)WhenlisteningtoaconversationbetweenanAmericanandanEnglishman,youwillbecomeawareofthemostsignificantdifferencesbetweenthetwovarietiesoftheEnglishlanguage.例1)開頭說(shuō)明了水的重要性，然后用對(duì)比的方法，指出并不是所有的人都意識(shí)到淡水有用盡的時(shí)候，為后文駁斥淡水是取之不盡的觀點(diǎn)，做好了鋪墊。例2)用對(duì)比的方法開頭，通過(guò)兩種不同的師生關(guān)系對(duì)教與學(xué)產(chǎn)生的截然相反的影響，說(shuō)明建立良好的師生關(guān)系的重要性。例3)是比較林肯和肯尼迪這兩個(gè)人物的相同或相似點(diǎn)。例4)是比較英國(guó)英語(yǔ)與美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的差異。7.進(jìn)行定義法

就是對(duì)文章要闡述的主題先下個(gè)定義，或者對(duì)文章題目中所用詞匯、所持觀點(diǎn)或所提事物進(jìn)行定義，然后通過(guò)舉例、邏輯推理等方法加以詳細(xì)說(shuō)明或論述。這種方法的作用就是解釋概念，限定范圍，然后引入正文。應(yīng)該說(shuō)明的是，文章所下的定義總的來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)該簡(jiǎn)練，而且也有別于哲學(xué)意義上的定義。此法常用于說(shuō)明文和議論文。

1)Psychologyisthestudyofthemindandmentalactivities.Forexample,psychologistsareinterestedinwhysomethingsmakeyousad,butothersmakeyouhappy.Theywanttoknowwhysomepeopleareshy,butothersarequitetalkative.

2)Self-confidencemeanstrustinone'sownability.Asaveryimportantpsychologicalquality,itbringsyourcreativepower,arousesyourenthusiasmandhelpsyouovercomedifficulties.

3)Democracyisaformofgovernmentinwhichtheultimateauthorityisvestedinandexercisedbythepeople.

4)Patriotismmeanstheloveofone'scountry.Itmakesonereadytosacrificeone'slifeforhiscountryandtodomanyotherthings.例1)文章開頭先給心理學(xué)下定義。接著通過(guò)舉例的方法進(jìn)一步解釋這一定義，讓讀者對(duì)心理學(xué)的含義有了準(zhǔn)確的理解。其他三例是分別對(duì)自信、民主和愛國(guó)主義進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的定義，然后再展開說(shuō)明或論述。中段

寫作模式：觀點(diǎn)-范例-個(gè)例-結(jié)論五分鐘中文思想，關(guān)鍵詞如大學(xué)生如何度假Comparedwithotherrecreations,Ipreferreadingsuchas/including/likeA,B,CandD(個(gè)例).Iamcrazyabout…simplybecause…自測(cè)：Howtospendtwo-dayweekend?作為一名大學(xué)生，我特別喜歡各種各樣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。比如說(shuō)游泳，慢跑，蹦極等。我對(duì)慢跑尤其喜歡，因?yàn)槲颐刻於家鎸?duì)繁重的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)，這些事情令我tired（itmakesmefeelnothingbutsickandtired---only）。然而，每當(dāng)我慢跑時(shí)，我感覺好多了，它強(qiáng)健了……，令我克服困難……一段論：我最喜歡的禮物Duringmylife,IhavereceivedsomanypresentsthatIcouldhardlyremember.ButtheoneIcouldeasilyrecallisthegiftthatIreceived(onmy18thbirthday).個(gè)例:從我擁有手機(jī)（cellphone）的那刻起(fromthatday)，我可以用它和許多人聯(lián)系，如家人……，尤其是我遇到困難的時(shí)候，打開(unfold)手機(jī)，dail……此外，還可以用手機(jī)上網(wǎng)，下載音樂cheermeup，查詢(inquireaboutsth)…..,發(fā)短信給我朋友也是我的最愛(preference)。結(jié)論：總而言之，手機(jī)讓我的生活更方便更有樂趣。（Cellphonemakesmylifemoreconvenientandbringsenoughfun.Evenwordsfailtotellhowmuchitmeanstome.）論證方式：1、歷史典故法(過(guò)去時(shí))ItpaystobehonestOnceuponatime,emperor,befondofflute-playing,chorusKnownothingabout,pretendtopalyGetahighsalary,liveacomfortablelifeintheaPalaceSeveralyearslater,passawayEnjoysolo,askeveryplayertoperformonebyoneHavenothingtodo