高考沖刺英語閱讀理解課堂練答案解析6

2020高考英語：閱讀理解課堂練（3）PassageFive（Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot）Thepastagesofmanhaveallbeencarefullylabeledbyanthropologists.Descriptionslike‘PalaeolithicMan’,‘NeolithicMan’,etc.,neatlysumupwholeperiods.Whenthetimecomesforanthropologiststoturntheirattentiontothetwentiethcentury,theywillsurelychoosethelabel‘LeglessMan’.Historiesofthetimewillgosomethinglikethis:‘inthetwentiethcentury,peopleforgothowtousetheirlegs.Menandwomenmovedaboutincars,busesandtrainsfromaveryearlyage.Therewereliftsandescalatorsinalllargebuildingstopreventpeoplefromwalking.Thissituationwasforceduponearthdwellersofthattimebecauseofmileseachday.Butthesurprisingthingisthattheydidn’tusetheirlegsevenwhentheywentonholiday.Theybuiltcablerailways,ski-liftsandroadstothetopofeveryhugemountain.Allthebeautyspotsonearthweremarredbythepresenceoflargecarparks.’Thefuturehistorybooksmightalsorecordthatweweredeprivedoftheuseofoureyes.Inourhurrytogetfromoneplacetoanother,wefailedtoseeanythingontheway.Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld–orevenlessifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountrysideconstantlysmearsthewindows.Cardrivers,inparticular,areforeverobsessedwiththeurgetogoonandon:theyneverwanttostop.Isitthelureofthegreatmotorways,orwhat?Andasforseatravel,ithardlydeservesmention.Itisperfectlysummedupinthewordsoftheoldsong:‘Ijoinedthenavytoseetheworld,andwhatdidIsee?Isawthesea.’Thetypicaltwentieth-centurytraveleristhemanwhoalwayssays‘I’vebeenthere.’Youmentiontheremotest,mostevocativeplace-namesintheworldlikeElDorado,Kabul,Irkutskandsomeoneisboundtosay‘I’vebeenthere’–meaning,‘Idrovethroughitat100milesanhouronthewaytosomewhereelse.’Whenyoutravelathighspeeds,thepresentmeansnothing:youlivemainlyinthefuturebecauseyouspendmostofyourtimelookingforwardtoarrivingatsomeotherplace.Butactualarrival,whenitisachieved,ismeaningless.Youwanttomoveonagain.Bytravelinglikethis,yoususpendallexperience;thepresentceasestobeareality:youmightjustaswellbedead.Thetraveleronfoot,ontheotherhand,livesconstantlyinthepresent.Forhimtravelingandarrivingisoneandthesamething:hearrivessomewherewitheverystephemakes.Heexperiencesthepresentmomentwithhiseyes,hisearsandthewholeofhisbody.Attheendofhisjourneyhefeelsadeliciousphysicalweariness.Heknowsthatsound.Satisfyingsleepwillbehis:thejustrewardofalltruetravellers.Anthorpologistslabelnowaday’smen‘Legless’because_______.

A

peopleforgethowtousehislegs.

B

peopleprefercars,busesandtrains.

C

liftsandescalatorspreventpeoplefromwalking.

D

therearealotoftransportationdevices.Travellingathighspeedmeans________.

A

people’sfocusonthefuture.

B

apleasure.

C

satisfyingdrivers’greatthrill.

D

anecessityoflife.Whydoestheauthorsay‘wearedeprivedoftheuseofoureyes’?

A

Peoplewon’tusetheireyes.

B

Intravelingathighspeed,eyesbecomeuseless.

C

Peoplecan’tseeanythingonhiswayoftravel.

D

Peoplewanttosleepduringtravelling.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthispassage?

A

Legsbecomeweaker.

B

Modernmeansoftransportationmaketheworldasmallplace.

C

Thereisnoneedtouseeyes.

D

Thebestwaytotravelisonfoot.5.Whatdoes‘a(chǎn)bird’s-eyeview’mean?

A

Seeviewwithbird’seyes.

B

Abirdlooksatabeautifulview.

C

Itisageneralviewfromahighpositionlookingdown.

D

Ascenicplace.VocabularyPalaeolithic舊石器時(shí)代的Neolithic

新石器時(shí)代的escalator

自動(dòng)電梯，自動(dòng)扶梯ski-lift

載送滑雪者上坡的裝置mar

損壞，毀壞blur

模糊不清，朦朧smear

涂，弄臟，弄模糊（尤指畫面、輪廓等）evocative

引起回憶的，喚起感情的ElDorado

(由當(dāng)時(shí)西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黃金國(guó)，寶山，富庶之鄉(xiāng)Kabul

喀布爾（阿富汗首都）Irkutsk

伊爾庫(kù)茨克（原蘇聯(lián)亞洲城市）難句譯注與答案詳解難句譯注Theonlywaytotravelisonfoot.

【參考譯文】旅游的唯一方法是走路。Airtravelgivesyouabird’s-eyeviewoftheworld–orevenifthewingoftheaircrafthappenstogetinyourway.【參考譯文】飛機(jī)旅行，你只可俯視世界――如果機(jī)翼碰巧擋住了你的視線，就看得更少了。Whenyoutravelbycarortrainablurredimageofthecountry-sideconstantlysmearsthewindows.【參考譯文】如果乘車或火車旅行，郊外模糊朦朧的景象不斷地掠過窗口。寫作方法與文章大意文章以因果寫作方法，寫出了由于種種現(xiàn)代化交通設(shè)施、人們不需用腳走路，甚至也不需要用眼看景，出門就坐汽車、公交車、地鐵、飛機(jī)……，車、機(jī)速度飛快，外邊的景物難以看清，最終導(dǎo)致人們忘記用腳、用眼成為“無腳之人”。一切都經(jīng)歷不到。作者建議最佳的旅游方法是徒步――經(jīng)歷現(xiàn)實(shí)。答案詳解人們忘了用腳。答案在第一段：人類學(xué)家把以往年代的人們分別標(biāo)上舊石器時(shí)代、新石器時(shí)代人，等等。干脆利落地總結(jié)了一個(gè)時(shí)期。當(dāng)他們轉(zhuǎn)向20世紀(jì)，他們肯定會(huì)標(biāo)上“無腳的人”。因?yàn)樵?0世紀(jì)，人們忘了如何用腳走路。男人女人早年外出就坐車、公共汽車、火車。大樓里由電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯，不需要人們走路。即使度假期間，他們也不用腳。他們筑有纜車道、滑雪載車和公路直通山頂。所有的風(fēng)景旅游區(qū)都有大型的汽車停車場(chǎng)。B人們喜歡汽車、公交車、火車等。C電梯、自動(dòng)扶梯制止人們走路。D有許多交通運(yùn)輸工具。人們的注意力在未來。見最后一段第一句話：當(dāng)你高速旅行，現(xiàn)在等于零，你主要生活在未來，因?yàn)槟愦蟛糠謺r(shí)間盯在前面到達(dá)的某個(gè)地方。真到了，又沒有意義了，你還要再向前進(jìn)。B是一種歡樂。

C滿足司機(jī)強(qiáng)烈的渴望。第二段中提及死機(jī)醉心于開車、不停車但不是快速前進(jìn)著眼于未來。D生活的需要。這一條在第一段中提及這種情況是因?yàn)樗麄兡钱惓５纳罘椒◤?qiáng)加給時(shí)代的居民。這是指不用腳走路，而用一切代步器――交通運(yùn)輸工具，不是開快車。人們?cè)诼眯型局惺裁炊家姴坏?。答案在第二段，由一地轉(zhuǎn)向另一地，路上你什么都沒有見到。乘飛機(jī)你只能俯視世界，火車，汽車，只見外界朦朧景象掠過窗子。海上旅游，只見到海?！拔业竭^那里”此話含義就是“我以一小時(shí)一百英里在去某某地方時(shí)經(jīng)過那里”。正因?yàn)槿绱耍髡咧赋鰧淼臍v史書上會(huì)記錄下：我們被剝奪了眼睛的應(yīng)用。A人們不愿用眼睛。

B在高速旅行中，眼睛沒有用了。

D旅行中，人們想睡覺。旅行的最佳方式是走路。文章第一段、第二段分別講述了旅行可不用腳、不用眼等情況。第三段，在講述了人們只知向前向前，一切經(jīng)歷都停滯，現(xiàn)實(shí)不再是現(xiàn)實(shí)，還不如死的好。而用腳走路的旅行者總是生活再現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)他來說旅行和到達(dá)是一回事，他一步一步走到某地，他用眼睛、耳朵，以至整個(gè)身體去體驗(yàn)現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻、旅行終點(diǎn)，他感到全身舒坦愉悅的疲勞，美美享受滿足的酣睡；一切真正旅行者的真實(shí)報(bào)償。這一段就是作者寫文章的目的――走路是旅行的最佳方式。A腳變得軟弱無力。

B現(xiàn)代交通工具把世界變小。

C沒有必要用眼睛。從高出向下看的景致：俯視。A用鳥的眼睛看景點(diǎn)。

B鳥在看美景。

D風(fēng)景點(diǎn)。PassageSix(preface)

Scienceisadominantthemeinourculture.Sinceittouchesalmosteveryfacetofourlife,educatedpeopleneedatleastsomeacquaintancewithitsstructureandoperation.Theyshouldalsohaveanunderstandingofthesubcultureinwhichscientistsliveandthekindsofpeopletheyare.Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.

Thisbookiswrittenfortheintelligentstudentorlaypersonwhoseacquaintancewithscienceissuperficial;forthepersonwhohasbeenpresentedwithscienceasamustystorehouseofdriedfacts;forthepersonwhoseesthechiefobjectiveofscienceastheproductionofgadgets;andforthepersonwhoviewsthescientistsassomesortofmagician.Thebookcanbeusedtosupplementacourseinanyscience,toaccompanyanycoursethatattemptstogiveanunderstandingofthemodernworld,or–independentlyofanycourse–simplytoprovideabetterunderstandingofscience.Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudesandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsare,andwhattheydo.Itwillgivethemanawarenessandunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenscienceandourcultureandanappreciationoftherolessciencemayplayinourculture.Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.

Wehavetriedtopresentinthisbookanaccurateandup-to-datepictureofthescientificcommunityandthepeoplewhopopulateit.Thatpopulationhasinrecentyearscometocomprisemoreandmorewomen.Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.Indiscussingthesechangesandcontribution,however,wearefacedwithalanguagethatisimplicitlysexist,onethatusesmalenounsorpronounsinreferringtounspecifiedindividuals.Tooffsetthisbuilt-inbias,wehaveadoptedthepolicyofusingpluralnounsandpronounswheneverpossibleand,whenabsolutelynecessary,alternatingheandshe.Thispolicyisfarformbeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgmentoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofthehumanraceequally.

Wehavealsotriedtomakethebookentertainingaswellasinformative.Ourapproachisusuallyinformal.Wefeel,asdomanyotherscientists,thatweshouldn’ttakeourselvestooseriously.Asthereadermayobserve,weseescienceasadelightfulpastimeratherthanasagrimanddrearywaytoearnaliving.1.Accordingtothepassage,‘scientificsubculture’means_______.A.culturalgroupsthatareformedbyscientists.B.peoplewhoseknowledgeofscienceisverylimited.C.thescientificcommunity.D.peoplewhomakegoodcontributiontoscience.needtoknowsomethingaboutthestructureandoperationofsciencebecause_______.A.itisnoteasytounderstandthethingsthatexciteandfrustratescientists.B.Scienceaffectsalmosteveryaspectofourlife.C.Scientistsliveinaspecificsubculture.D.Itiseasiertounderstandgeneralcharacteristicsofscience.3.Thebookmentionedinthispassageiswrittenforreaderswho_______.A.areintelligentcollegestudentsandlaypersonwhodonotknowmuchaboutscience.B.aregoodatproducingvariousgadgets.C.workinastorehouseofdriedfacts.D.wanttohaveasuperficialunderstandingofscience.4.Accordingtothispassage,_______.A.Englishisasexistlanguage.B.onlyinthescientificworldistheroleofwomenincreasingrapidly.C.womenaremakingsignificantcontributionstoeliminatingtheinadequacyofourlanguage.D.malenounsorpronounsshouldnotbeusedtorefertoscientists.5.Thispassagemostprobablyis_______.A.abookreview.B.theprefaceofabook.C.thepostscriptofabook.D.theconcludingpartofabook.Vocabularysubculture

亞文化群（指在一個(gè)社會(huì)或一種文化內(nèi)具有獨(dú)特性的一群人）superficial

膚淺的，淺薄的，表面的

layperson

外行，門外漢，俗人musty

發(fā)霉的，老朽的，陳腐的gadget

小玩意兒，小配件，新發(fā)明pervasive

滲透的，彌漫的，遍布的populate

居住于……中，在……中占一席之地implicit

含蓄的，內(nèi)含的unspecified

未特別提出的offset

抵消，補(bǔ)償難句譯注Anunderstandingofgeneralcharacteristicsofscienceaswellasspecificscientificconceptsiseasiertoattainifoneknowssomethingaboutthethingsthatexciteandfrustratethescientist.【參考譯文】如果一個(gè)人知道那些使科學(xué)家激動(dòng)不已和灰心喪氣的東西，那就比較容易了解科學(xué)的一般（普遍）特征以及特殊科學(xué)概念。Wehopethisbookwillleadreaderstoabroaderperspectiveonscientificattitudeandamorerealisticviewofwhatscienceis,whoscientistsareandwhattheydo.【參考譯文】我們希望這本書能引導(dǎo)讀者對(duì)科學(xué)觀念有一個(gè)更為廣闊的透視；對(duì)什么是科學(xué)、科學(xué)家是些什么人以及他們?cè)诟墒裁从幸粋€(gè)更為現(xiàn)實(shí)的觀點(diǎn)。Inaddition,readersmaylearntoappreciatetherelationshipbetweenscientificviewsandsomeofthevaluesandphilosophiesthatarepervasiveinourculture.【參考譯文】另外，讀者可學(xué)會(huì)正確評(píng)價(jià)科學(xué)觀點(diǎn)與我們文化中無處不在的某些價(jià)值觀和哲學(xué)思想之間的關(guān)系。Thisincreasingroleofwomeninthescientificsubcultureisnotanuniqueincidentbut,rather,partofthetrendevidentinallsegmentsofsocietyasmorewomenentertraditionallymale-dominatedfieldsandmakesignificantcontributions.【參考譯文】科學(xué)亞文化群中婦女作用越來越大。這不是難得一見的意外事件，而是，確切地說，在社會(huì)各部門顯著潮流的一部分由于越來越多婦女進(jìn)入了傳統(tǒng)上為男子統(tǒng)治的領(lǐng)域并作出了重大的貢獻(xiàn)。Thispolicyisfarfrombeingideal,butitisatleastanacknowledgementoftheinadequacyofourlanguageintreatinghalfofhumanraceequally.【參考