【創(chuàng)新設(shè)計】高考英語總復習 214第四章非謂語動詞課件（江蘇專用）

第四章非謂語動詞

一、不定式1．不定式作主語不定式可直接放在句首作主語。有時也用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式放在后面，以避免頭重腳輕，保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡?！纠?】________Englishtodayisthemostimportanttasktome.A．Study B．BeingstudiedC．Studied D．Tostudy答案D【例2】Itismyhonor________heretospendsometimewithyou.A．tobeinvited B．invitingC．beinginvited D．toinvite答案A2．不定式作表語不定式作表語，通常說明或解釋主語的內(nèi)容，也可表示將來的動作。【例3】Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier，________itmoredifficult.A．notmaking B．notmakeC．nottomake D．tonotmake答案C【例4】Todaymyjobis________alltheflowersinthegarden.A．water B．havingwateredC．towater D．watered答案C3．不定式作賓語英語中有些動詞常跟不定式作賓語。這類動詞有：want，wish，hope，expect，agree，decide，learn，pretend，ask，promise，plan，refuse，beg，demand，manage，offer，prepare，claim，struggle等。【例5】Weagreed________here，butsofarshehasnotturnedupyet.A．havingmet B．meetingC．tomeet D．tohavemet答案C【例6】Whenhisfathercameback，theboypretended________hishomework.A．doingB．todoC．doneD．tobedoing答案D【例7】ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle________.A．tobeheard B．tohearC．beingheard D．hearing答案A4．不定式作賓補(1)有些動詞(短語)后面常接帶to的不定式作賓補。這類動詞有：consider，get，remind，advise，allow，ask，beg，encourage，force，invite，expect，order，permit，persuade，require，want，warn，wish，teach，cause，tell，command，callon，counton，relyon，dependon，longfor，waitfor，wouldlike等。但hope，suggest，agree，demand，arrange等動詞后不能接sb.todosth.結(jié)構(gòu)?！纠?】Wecan'tcountonamanlikeJim________usthenecessaryhelp.A．togive B．givingC．tobegiven D．given答案A(2)有些動詞，主要是感官動詞和使役動詞，它們的后面可接不帶to的不定式作賓補，如：see，notice，observe，feel，hear，have，make，let等，但如果是在被動語態(tài)的句子中，就要用帶to的不定式作主補。【例9】Myparentshavealwaysmademe________aboutmyself，evenwhenIwastwelve.A．feelingwell B．feelinggoodC．feelwell D．feelgood答案D5．．不不定定式式作作定定語語(1)不定式式用用在在thefirst，，thesecond，，thelast，，theonly等等短短語語后后面面作作定定語語。。【例例10】】Johnwasthelastman________dinnerinourfamily.A．．tobeinvitedforB．．tobeinvitedtoC．．invitedforD．．invitingto答案案B(2)不不定定式式作作定定語語，，與與被被修修飾飾的的中中心心詞詞之之間間常常表表現(xiàn)現(xiàn)為為主主謂謂關(guān)關(guān)系系或或動動賓賓關(guān)關(guān)系系。。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.(主謂謂關(guān)系系)Itwasagametoberemembered.(動賓賓關(guān)系系)【例例11】】ThatistheonlywaywecanimaA．reducing B．toreduceC．reduced D．reduce答案B6．不定式作作狀語(1)作原因狀語。不不定式?？筛谀承┬稳菰~或動詞后面作原因因狀語。【例12】Wewereastonished________thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010·遼寧)A．findingB．tofindC．findD．tobefind答案B(2)作目的的狀語。不定定式作目的狀狀語既可放在在句首也可放放在句尾。但但為了加強語語氣，也可用用“soastodo”或或“inordertodo”結(jié)構(gòu)作目目的狀語。inorderto既可放在句句首也可放在句尾，soasto一般般不置于句首。【例13】WithFather'sDayaroundthecorner，，Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank________presentsformydad.(2010··全國Ⅰ)A．buyB．tobuyC．buyingD．tohavebought答案B【例14】________losehisjob，Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident.A．InordertonotB．InordernottoC．TonotD．Soasnotto答案B(3)作結(jié)果果狀語。具體體形式是：too＋adj./adv.＋todo意為“太……而不能”；adj./adv.＋enough＋＋todo意為“足以……”；only/justtodo表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。【例15】Doyouthinkyouarebraveenough________bungeejumping?A．tryingB．intryingC．totryD．a(chǎn)ndtry答案C【例16】Hehurriedtothestation，only________thetrainhadleft.A．findingB．foundC．tofindD．find答案C(4)用于“主語＋be＋＋形容詞＋不不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)中的形容詞詞有：easy，difficult，hard，comfortable，fit，convenient，pleasant等，不不定式與句子子的主語是動賓關(guān)系，不定式式常用主動形式，且不定定式必須是及物動詞?！纠?7】Thearmchairisverycomfortable________.A．tositB．tositinC．sittinginD．forsittingdown答案B【例18】Wefoundtheexercisedifficult________withoutthehelpoftheEnglishteacher.A．tobedoneB．todoC．todoitD．．ofdoing答案B7．“疑問詞詞＋不不定式式”結(jié)構(gòu)此結(jié)構(gòu)相相當于于名詞的功功能，，即作作主語、賓語、表語等成成分。。不定定式一一般只用主動動式不用被動動式。。疑問問詞須須作不不定式式的相相應成分。【例19】】——It'snousehavingideasonly.—Don'tworry.Petercanshowyou________toturnanideaintoanact.(2010·遼遼寧)A．howB．．whoC．whatD．．where答案A【例20】】Thepoliceofficerwantstoknowwhatmeasures________tofindthemurdererassoonaA．totake B．tobetakenC．taken D．beingtaken答案A【例21】IwasmadetowritealetterinEnglish，butIdon'tknow________.A．whattowriteabout B．howtobeginwithC．howtowriteabout D．whattobegin答案A8．不定式式的時態(tài)和和語態(tài)不定式的時態(tài)態(tài)變化往往往是相對于于謂語動詞詞而言的，，如果不定定式表示的的動作發(fā)生生在謂語動動詞所表示示的動作之之后或與謂語動動詞所表示示的動作同時發(fā)生，用不不定式的一一般式；如如果不定式式表示的動動作發(fā)生在在謂語動詞詞所表示的的動作之前，用不定式式的完成式式。不定式式的語態(tài)變變化往往針針對其邏輯輯主語而言言，如果不不定式的邏邏輯主語是是動作的承承受者，用用不定式的的被動式?！纠?2】】ThecrowdA．breaking B．havingbrokenC．tohavebroken D．tobreak答案C【例23】Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing，buttheone________firstisthelibrary. (2010·重慶)A．repaired B．beingrepairedC．repairing D．toberepaired答案D二、動名詞詞動名詞主要起起名詞的作作用，在句句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語，一般不不作狀語，有各種種形式的變變化。1．動名詞作主主語動名詞可直接接放在句首首作主語。。有時也用用it作形形式主語，，把真正的的主語———動名詞放放在后面。。注意：nouse，nogood作表語時，真正正的主語常用動名詞，，一般不用不定式。。【例24】】Inmymind，，________thatfamousuniversitywillbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.A．a(chǎn)ttendingB．a(chǎn)ttendedC．a(chǎn)ttendD．havingattended答案A【例25】】Itisnouse________withhimatthistime.A．talkB．totalkC．talkingD．talked答案C2．動名詞詞作賓語(1)有些動詞(短短語)后面面要求跟動動名詞作賓賓語。常見見的后跟動動名詞作賓賓語的動詞詞有：mind，finish，enjoy，，excuse，imagine，keep，，practice，suggest，miss，consider，prevent，appreciate，advise，avoid，allow，admit，delay，escape，，permit，forbid，can'thelp(情不自自禁)，feellike，keepon，giveup，lookforwardto，devote...to，getusedto，payattentionto，befondof，beworth等?！纠?6】Hedidn'tfeellike________，soshesuggested________anEnglishletterrightaway.A．reading；；practisingwritingB．reading；；practisingtowriteC．reading；；topractisewritingD．toread；；practisingtowrite答案A【例27】——Tomenjoys________basketballonSundayafternoons，doesn'the?—Yes，hedoes.Butwhathissisterenjoys________.A．toplay；；dancingB．playing；；todanceC．toplay；；todanceD．playing；istodance答案D【例28】Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.A．catchingB．．tobecaughtC．beingcaughtD．tocatch答案C(2)在在havedifficulty(trouble，aproblem，ahardtime，fun，，agoodt【例29】Ihadgreatdifficulty________thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010··上海)A．findB．foundC．tofindD．．finding答案D【例30】——Robertisindeedawiseman.—Oh，，yes.HowoftenIhaveregretted________hisadvice!A．totakeB．．takingC．nottotakeD．nottaking答案D三、分詞分詞在句中可用用作表語、定語、補語、狀語等。1．分詞作表語分詞作表語具有有形容詞的功能，說說明主語的性性質(zhì)或特征?！，F(xiàn)在分詞表表示主語與分分詞之間存在在邏輯上的主動關(guān)系，意為“令人……的”，主語通常是是物；過去分詞表表示主語與分分詞之間存在在邏輯上的被動關(guān)系，意為“感到……的”，主語通常是是人?！纠?1】Thiscomputergamewas________andthechildrenwere________init.A．interesting；interestingB．interested；interestedC．interesting；interestedD．interested；interesting答案C【例32】Shetookadeepbreathtocalmherself，buthervoicestillsounded________.A．excitementB．excitedC．excitingD．excitedly答案B2．分詞作定現(xiàn)在分詞作定語既可放在所修飾的詞之前，作前置定語，也可放在所修飾的詞之后，相當于一個定語從句。過去分詞作定語時，一般置于所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當于一個定語從句?！纠?3】I'mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition________inyesterday'sChinaDaily. (2010·北京)A．a(chǎn)dvertised B．tobeadvertisedC．a(chǎn)dvertising D．havingadvertised答案A【例34】】Thetrafficrulesaysyoungchildrenundert (2010·浙江)A．beingweighed B．toweighC．weighed D．weighing答案D3．分分詞作作賓補補常跟分詞詞作賓賓補的的動詞詞有：：catch，，have，get，keep，，hear，find，，feel，leave，make，，notice，observe，watch等。?！纠?5】】Alexandertriedtogethiswork________inthemedicalcircles.(2010·遼遼寧)A．torecognizeB．．recognizingC．recognizeD．．recognized答案D4．分詞作作狀語語分詞可可作時時間狀狀語、、原因因狀語語、伴伴隨狀狀語、、結(jié)果果狀語語等。。【例36】】Lotsofrescueworkerswereworkingaroundtheclock，，________suppliestoYushu，QinghaiProvinceaftertheearthquake.(2010·福福建)A．sendingB．．tosendC．havingsentD．tohavesent答案A四、難難點速速通難點為了避免重復，like，love，try，want，hope，hate，wish，beglad/happy等后面必須有to，但to后面的動詞常省略。但如果to后是be或have時不省?！纠?7】—Howaboutgoingonapicnicwithustomorrow?—________verymuch.A．I'llliketo B．I'dliketoC．I'dlike D．I'lllikeit答案B【例38】】——Didtheytellyouthefinaldecisionofthecommittee?—No，theydidn't，butIthinkIoughtto________.A．/B．．beC．．haveD．．havebeen答案D難點2：with復復合結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)“with＋＋賓語＋非非謂語語動詞詞”是一種種特殊殊的結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)，，可以以在句句中作作定語或狀語。【例39】】Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy，withadiningtablealready________foramealtobecooked.(2010·山山東)A．laidB．．layingC．tolayD．beinglaid答案A難點3：remember，，forget，regret后后接動動名詞詞和不不定式式的區(qū)區(qū)別后接動動名名詞詞表表示示先于謂謂語語動動詞詞的的動動作作；；后后接接不不定定式式表表示示后于謂謂語語動動詞詞的的動動作作。?！纠?0】】—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh，，Iforgot________.A．．turningitoffB．．turnitoffC．．toturnitoffD．．havingturneditoff答案案C【例例41】】Haveyouforgotten________arulerfromMike?PleaA．borrowing；toreturn B．borrowing；returningC．toborrow；toreturn D．toborrow；returning答案A【例42】—Youshouldsaysorrytoyourbrother.—Yes，Iregret________withhim.A．quarrelling B．quarreledC．toquarrel D．havequarreled答案A難點點4：：當它們后面所接的動詞與句子的主語是動賓關(guān)系時，用動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式?！纠?3】Ineed________therebybike，butsomethingiswrongwithmybike.Itneeds________.A．going；beingrepaired B．togo；repairingC．togo；torepair D．go；toberepaired答案B【例例44】】Hedeserves________.A．．promotedB．．promoteC．．tobepromotedD．．topromote答案C難點5：：在try，stop，mean，，goon，，can'thelp后，，用動名名詞和不不定式所所表達的的含義不(1)trydoingsth.試著做某事；trytodosth.努力做某事(2)stopdoingsth.停止做某事；stoptodosth.停下來做某事(3)meandoingsth.意味著做某事；meantodosth.打算做某事(4)goondoingsth.繼續(xù)做某事(即：再做原來做著的那件事)；goontodosth.接著做另一件事(即：做與原來不同的一件事)(5)can'thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事；can'thelp(to)dosth.不能幫助做某事【例45】Try________atthebackdoorifnobodyhearsyouatthefrontdoor.A．knockB．tokno