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英語課標教學(xué)課件選修6SubjunctiveMood(2)Unit2Grammar Pandoraopenedherbox… What’sleftinthebox?Ifshehadbeenwarnedofdanger,wouldshehaveopenedthebox?misfortuneshope虛擬語氣
1)概念
虛擬語氣用來表示說話人的主觀愿望或假想,所說的是一個條件,不一定是事實,或與事實相反。Revision2)在條件句中的應(yīng)用
條件句可分為兩類,一類為真實條件句,一類為非真實條件句。非真實條件句表示的是假設(shè)的或?qū)嶋H可能性不大的情況,故采用虛擬語氣。If條件句虛擬情況從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反與過去事實相反與將來事實相反過去式(be的形式用were)had+過去分詞過去式/should+do/weretodowould/should/could/might+havedonewould/should/could/might+dowould/should/could/might+doreview假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致,叫做錯綜條件虛擬語氣(mixedconditionals)。主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照假設(shè)的時間而定。
Iftheweatherhadbeenfiner,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospital.1.Weusemixedconditionalswhenthemainclauseandtheif-clauseareaboutdifferenttenses.e.g.Ifyouhadcomeandattendedthemeetingyesterday,youwouldknow
whatwearedoingnow.Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,you
wouldnotbeintroublenow.2.Weuseotherwise,orandphrasesbeginningwithwith,withoutandbutfortoreplaceanif-clauseinimpliedconditionals.
Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavedoneit.(Iftherewerenoair)(Ifithadn’tbeenforyourhelp)Iwasbusythatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavegonetherewiththem.(IfIhadn’tbeenbusythatday,Iwouldhavegonetherewiththem.)
Iwouldhavefinishedthework,butIhavebeenill.(IfIhadn’tbeenill,Iwouldhavefinishedthework.)3.Inadverbialclausesintroducedby
evenif,asif,asthoughandifonly
wecanuseunrealconditionals.Hetreatshiseldersisterasthoughshewereastranger.即使生了病,他也去辦公室。
Evenifhewereill,hewouldgotohisoffice.
她談?wù)撃遣坑捌?,就好像她確實看過一樣。Shetalkedaboutthefilmasifshehadreallyseenit.虛擬語氣用于各種從句主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句一.用于主語從句1.
It’snecessary/strange/natural/important/impossible/surprising+that---Clause等表達一種“情緒、觀點”的形容詞,其從句中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.掌握一門外語是重要的Itisstrangethatshe________(refuse)tocometotheparty.她居然拒絕來參加聚會,真奇怪It’snecessarythatwe_______________(study)hard.refuseshouldstudy2.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣,也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinthearea
It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.3.以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣,即(should)+v原.Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomeatonce.(表語從句)Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid
bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.(同位語從句)Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible表語從句2/2/2023練習(xí):1.Itisdemandedthathe_______________________________.根據(jù)要求,他星期五動身前往加拿大。2.ItissuggestedthattheEnglishevening
______________________________.有人建議,英語晚會周六舉行。(should)leaveforCanadaonFriday(should)be
heldonSaturday3.itis/was+suggested/requested/required/demanded/ordered/commanded/proposed…that從句Itissuggestedweshouldstartbeforesunset.二、用于賓語從句中虛擬語氣特殊句型:wish/ifonly
現(xiàn)在:過去:未來:did(were)haddonewould/…do
1)IwishIwereabird.(現(xiàn)在)2)IwishIhadn’tmadesuchamistake.(過去)3)Wewishourparentswouldn’tpunishus.(將來)IfonlyI
knewhisname!Ifonlywe
hadfollowed
youradvice!IfonlyI
couldsee
himagain!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。
要是我沒錯過火車就好了!Ifonlyourparents
couldlivewith
us!IfonlyI
hadn’tmissed
thetrain!IwishIwereastallasyou.我希望和你一樣高。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.他希望他沒講那樣的話。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.我希望明天下雨就好了。wishtodo表達法。wishsb./sth.todoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.2.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在:過去:未來:Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.diddidhaddone3.It’s(about/high)time+thatshoulddodid你該走了。我們該去睡覺了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.4.表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣。1)賓語從句。常見動詞:一個堅持,兩個命令,三個建議,四個要求。即:
insist
一堅持
order,command
二命令3.advise,suggest,propose
三建議4.demand,require,request,desire
四命令這些動詞后面的賓語從句要使用虛擬語氣用法。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形,或者將should省略。我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅決要求我到場。國王命令囚犯明天要實施死刑。他們要求我們派他們?nèi)ツ莾汗ぷ鳌esuggestedthatTom
havearest.HeinsistedthatI
(should)be
present.Thekingorderedthattheprisoners
bekilled
thenextday.Theyrequestedthatwe
(should)send
themtoworkthere.suggest表示“暗示,表明”,insist表示“堅持說,堅持認為”時,其后賓語從用用陳述語氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe________(be)illandwesuggestedthatshe_____________(send)tohospitalatonce.Heinsistedthatthe
lady__________(steal)
his
wallet
and
that
she
_____________(take)to
the
police
stationatonce.
注意was一句巧辨(should)besentstole(should)betakenIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如果suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅持要某人做某事"時,即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅持認為"時,賓語從句用陳述語氣。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe_____(be)seriouslyillandthat________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe______(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas表語從句和同位語從句:以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句(包括主語從句,表語從句和同位語從句)也要使用虛擬語氣,即:(should)+v-原形。
名詞形式:order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,desirerequest,requirementThesuggestion
isthattheplanbecarriedoutatonce.Mydemand
isthatsheshouldcome
toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalfactoryshouldbecloseddown.2/2/2023以asif、asthough(就好像,似乎,仿佛)引出的方式狀語從句,如果表示真實情況應(yīng)該用陳語氣;如果表示非真實情況則應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,其謂語動詞的虛擬式與wish后面賓語從句中謂語動詞的虛擬形式相同。即
二、asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的從句現(xiàn)在:過去:將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)would+動詞原形(將來)asif/asthough+主語
區(qū)別:當(dāng)evenif,asif/though從句所表示的情況發(fā)生的可能性較大時,須用陳述語氣。
I’llgoevenifitrains.
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. 陳述語氣HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 虛擬語氣Shelovesthestudentasifhewereherownson.Thelittleboyknowssomanythingsasifhe_______(be)aman.那個小男孩懂得那么多事情,好像他是一個大人Heactedasusualasif/thoughnothing_________________(happen).
werehadhappened用于目的狀語從句中:一些表目的的意義的短語如:inorderthat,sothat,forfearthat,incase等,其從句的謂語動詞多為虛擬語氣“should/might/can/could/would+do”的形式Wespokeinwhispersforfearthatwemightwaketheguards.5.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that-Clause從句中的動詞要用虛擬,即(should)+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe
(should)master
aforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatshe
refuse
tocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatwe
shouldstudy
hard.6.某些簡單句的固定句型:Heaven
help
him!God
bless
you!May
yousucceed!Long
livethePeople’sRepublicofChina!1.Wewouldratherourdaughter______athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.(2014陜西)A.wouldstayB.hasstayedC.stayedD.stay2._____themorningtrain,hewouldnothavebeenlateforthemeeting.(2014天津)A.DidhecatchB.shouldbecatchC.hashecaughtD.Hadhecaught
QuizI:Multiplechoice.3._________ceaseadvertising,priceswouldbesignificantlyreduced.
A.Weretheyto
B.Couldthey
C.Ifthey
D.Wouldthey4.Mysuggestionisthatshe________moreexercise,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoher.A.takesB.musttakeC.takeD.took5.Ifhe_______myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.(2010湖南)A.followedB.shouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.wouldfollow6.Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_____moreonitsculture.(2010江蘇)A.focusB.focusedC.wouldfocusD.hadfocused7.Ifwe______theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.(2010陜西)A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken8.-Johnwenttothehospitalalone.-Ifhe_______meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.(2010天津)A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold9.HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy______.(2010浙江)A.wouldhavebeensavedB.hadbeensavedC.willbesavedD.wassaved10.I______throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgeneroushelp.(2011陜西)A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone11.—Wherearethechildren?Thedinner’sgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey______alwayslate.(2011北京)A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen12.MaybeifI_____science,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.(2011北京)A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying13.Ifmycar_____morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.(2012陜西)A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe14.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI_____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.(2012湖南)A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had15.Ifwe_____adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.(2012山東)A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmakeC.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmadeMy
deskmateadmiresmyfluentEnglishvery
much
and
I
usually
feel
___________(encourage)
by
his
compliments.
One
day,
_________we
learned
the
new
word
“eccentric”
in
class,
we
__________
(ask)tomakeasentencewith
it.Ivolunteeredtodo
it
by
saying
“My
deskmate
is
an
eccentric
boy
________
clothes
never
fit
him.”
Hearingthis,
the
whole
class
burstinto__________(laugh)
and
my
deskmate’s
face
turned
red.
QuizII:Fillintheblanksencouragedwhenwere
askedwhoselaughter________
class,
I
learned
from
the
teacher
that
my
deskmate
__________________
(drop)
out
ofschool
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