初中英語介詞練習題及詳解

介詞（一）正誤辨析1、［誤］Wegottothetopofthemountainindaybreak.［正［Wegottothetopofthemountainatdaybreak.［析］at用于具體時刻之前，如：sunrise,midday,noon,sunset,midnight,nighto2、［誤］Don'tsleepatdaytime［IE］Don'tsleepindaytime.［析］in要用于較長的一段時間之內，如：inthemorning/afternoon,或intheweek/month/year.或inspring/supper/autumn/winter等等。3、［誤］WevisitedtheoldmaninSundayafternoon.［正［WevisitedtheoldmanonSundayafternoon.［析］inthemorning,intheafternoon如果在這兩個短語中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞都要改為on,如：onacoldmorning,onthemorningofJuly14th4、［誤］Hebecameawritterathistwenties［IE］Hebecameawritterinhistwenties［析］這句話應譯為：他在20多歲時就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時間段中要用介詞in來表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時用at來表示。5、［誤］HewenttoNewYorktofindajobinsixteenyearsold.［正［HewenttoNewYorktofindajobatsixteen.［析］在具體年歲前用at,如：attheageof12,atyourage,等等。6、［誤］Wewenttoswimintheriverinaveryhotday.［IE］Wewenttoswimintheriveronaveryhotday.［析］具體某一天要用介詞on,又如：onNewYear'sDay7、［誤］PmlookingforwardtoseeingyouonChristmas.［正］I'mlookingforwardtoseeingyouatChristmas.［析］在節(jié)日的當天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長的時間。8、［誤］Ihaven'tseeyouduringthesummerholidays.［IE］Ihaven'tseenyousincethebeginningofthesummerholidays.［析］during表示在某一段時間之內，所以一般不與完成時搭配，$11：Ivisitedalotofmuseumsduringtheholiday.而for表示一段時間，可以用于完成時，如：Ihaven'tseeyouforalongtime.而through用來表示時間時則為“整整，全部的時間"。$n：Itrainedthroughthenight.而since則是表達主句動作的起始時間，一般要與完成時連用。9、［誤］Atenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［IE］Onenteringtheclassroom,Iheardthegoodnews.［析］On加動名詞表示”一……就，本句的譯文應是：我一進入教室就聽見這個好消息了。又如：onhearing-??一聽見，onarrival一到達就 (on表示動作的名詞)1()、［誤］Inthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［正］Atthebeginningofthebook,therearesomeinterestingstories.［析］atthebegining與attheend都是指某事物的開始與結束部分，均不指時間范圍，而inthebeginning則是指開始一段時間。intheend=atlast是指"最終，終于”之意。11>［誤］Tilltheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［IE］Bytheendofnextweek.Iwillhavefinishedthiswork.［析］by引起的時間狀語表示了動作的截止點，其意思為”不遲于某一時刻將工作做完",所以主句一般是完成時態(tài)。當然可以有將來時態(tài)，如：rnbetherebyfiveo'clock.而till則表達其一動作一直持續(xù)到某一時刻，但句中的動詞一定要用持續(xù)性動詞，而瞬間的截止性動詞應用其否定句式，如：Iwon'tfinishthisworktill(until)nextweekend.12、［誤］HecametoLondonbeforelastweekend.［IE］HehadcometoLondonbeforelastweekend.［正］HecametoLondontwoweeksago.［析］before一般要與完成時連用，而ago則勺一般過去時連用。13、［誤］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearsginceIhadcomehere.［正］IhavestudiedEnglishforthreeyearssinceIcamehere.［析］since用來表達主句動作的開始時間，所以其引出的從句中應為過去時，而不能用完成時態(tài)14、［誤］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Youwillgetitaftertwohours.［IE］Icanhelpyourepairthisbike.Ybuwillgetitintwohours.［析］中文經常講兩小時之后來取，兩天內會修好，而這個介詞在英文中要用in而不要用afterc其原因有二，①after多用于過去時，如：IarrivedinNewYork.Afterthreedays,Ifoundajobinthebank.②after加時間是表達一個不確定的時間范圍，如：afterthreedays,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時間內會完成某事時，一定要用介詞in。15>［誤］Threedaysafterhedied.［正］Afterthreedayshedied.［正］Threedayslaterhedied.［析］after與later都可以用來表達一段時間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after在時間詞前，而later在時間詞后。16、［誤］Shehidherselfafterthetree.［正］Shehidherselfbehindthetree.［析］after多用來表達某動作之后，所以有的語法書中稱它為動態(tài)介詞，如：Irunafterhim.Afterfinishingmyhomework,Iwenttoseeafilm.而behind則多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。17、［誤］Thereisabeautifulbirdonthetree.［正］Thereisabeautifulbirdinthetree.［析］樹上長出的果實，樹葉要用on,而其他外來的人、物體均要用inthetree.18、［誤］ShanghaiisontheeastofChina.［正］ShanghaiisintheeastofChina.［析］在表達地理位置時有3個介詞：in,on,tooin表示在某范圍之內；on表示與某地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如：JapanistotheeastofChina.19、［誤］IarrivedatNewYorkonJuly2nd.［IE］IarrivedinNewYorkonJuly2nd.［析］at用來表達較小的地方，而in用來表達較大的地方。at常用于attheschoolgate,athome,atabusstop,atthestation,atthecinema,atasmallvillageo20、［誤］HelivedinNo.3BeijingRoad.［正］HelivedatNo.3BeijingRoad.［析］在門牌號碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：attheendofthestreet,atthefootofthemountain,atthetopofthepage。21、［誤］ThereisacolourTVsetatthecomerofthehall.［IE］ThereisacolourTVsetinthecomerofthehall.［析］在屋內的角落應用in,而墻的外角用at,如：Thereisatreeatthecomerofthestreet.22>［誤］ThisweekendPllstayinUncleWang's.［正］ThisweekendIrllstayatUncleWang's.［析］要注意英文的特殊表達法，如：atatailor'sshop（裁縫店）=atatailofs,atthedoctor's（去看?。゛tthebookseller's（在書店）atuncleWang's（在王叔叔家）23、［誤］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsontoday'snewspaper?［正］Doyouknowthereissomegoodnewsintoday'snewspaper?［析］在報紙上的新聞要用in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁上則要用on。24、［誤］TheschoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［正］SchoolwillbeginonSeptember1st.［析］這里的school應看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學校的課程，即開學之意。要注意，有些活動場所當表達在從事該種活動時不要加冠詞，如：attable（吃飯），WhenIcametoTom'shome,theywereattable.還有：atdesk（學習），atwork（工作）atschool（上學），inhospital（住醫(yī)院）atchurch作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：attheschool即在學校工作或辦事，inthehospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、［誤］Inmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［正］Onmywaytothestation,Iboughtanewspapertokilltime.［析］譯文為：在去車站的路上我買了份報紙，為的是消磨時光”在……的路上”應用onone'sway…。而intheway有擋道之意,如:Pleasemovethechairitisinthewayo26>［誤］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeinto.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokein.［正］Look,thedoorisopen,Maybesomeonebrokeintotheoffice.［析］in是表達一個靜止狀態(tài)，在與break連用時其后不加介詞賓語，而into則是動態(tài)介詞，與break連用時要加介詞賓語。27>［誤］EllleaveBeijingtoShanghaitomorrow.［正］EllleaveBeijingforShanghai.［正］I'llleaveforShanghai.［析］leavefor是離開某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：startfor動身前往某處，setoutfor,sailforD28、［誤］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutthebusatnextstop.［正］I'msorry.Ihavetogetoutofthebusatnextstop.［析］getin,與getout是兩個相反的詞組。getin為上車，而getout為下車，但語法家認為這里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We'dbettergetin.或We'dbettergetout.還有一組詞組有關上下車：geton/off(atrain,aship,astruck)getinto/outof(acar,taxi)29、［誤］BecarefulThetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesoverzero.［正］Becareful.Thetemperatureofthewaterisninetydegreesabovezero.［析］over與above在作為比某物高的意思時有時可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時，即正上方時則要用above.而泛指上方時用over.3()、［誤］Thereisanoldstonebridgeabovetheriver.［正］Thereisanoldstonebridgeovertheriver.［析］over還有一意為"跨越，橫跨”。31>［誤］TheDeadSeaisunderthesealevel.［IE］TheDeadSeaisbelowthesealevel.［析］在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，over與under也是反意詞。32>［誤］Thereisabigtreeinthefrontofthehouse.［正］Thereisabigtreeinfrontofthehouse.［析］infrontof是在物體外部的前而，而inthefrontof是在物體內部的前而，如：Thedriversitsinthefrontofthebus.33、［誤］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkacrosstheforest.［正］Ittookthemtwodaystowalkthroughtheforest.［析］across作為介詞有兩個主要意思：①橫過，如：Iwanttowalkacrossthestreet.②對而，如：Thereisapostofficeacrossthestreet,而through多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平而上的橫過。如：Thelittlegirlranacrosstheroomtomeethermother.34>［誤］Thesunsetstowardthewest.［正］Thesunsetsinthewest.［析］towards也可用作toward,它主要表達朝向某方向運動，但不一定到達，如：Herantoward(s)themountain.而在表示方位east,west,north,south時，其前而要用in。要注意的是這4個詞可以用作副詞，如：Iwentsouth.也可用作名詞，如：Iwenttoihesouth.也可用作形容詞，如：IwenttothesouthpartofChina.35、［誤］Doyouhavenootherclothesexceptthose?［正］Doyouhavenootherclothesbesidesthose?［析］beside是"在旁邊、如：Thestudentsstoodbesidetheirteachers.而besides是“除之外，不僅而且,除了以外還有”，如：IstudiedEnglishbesidesFrench,whenIwasincollege.而except則是從同一類物體中去掉某一音B分，如：IcomehereeverydayexceptSunday.而exceptfor是指去掉不同種類的事物，如：Theroomiscleanexceptfortwochairs.而exceptthat則要加從句。36、［誤］CanIwritetheexampaperwithink?［IE］CanIwritetheexampaperwithapen?［正］CanIwritetheexampaperinink?［析］with后要加拿得起來放得下的工具，而墨水、顏料等原料則要用in。37、［誤］Fmearliertoday.Icameherebyhiscar.［正］I'mearliertoday.Icamehereinhiscar.［析］在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應的介詞。bytaxi=inataxibytrain=inatrainbybicycle=onabicyclebyship=onashipbyboat=inaboatbybus=onabusbyplane=onaplanebyair空運byland陸運bysea海運onfootonhorsebackbyphonebyletterbyradiobyairmailbyhand38、［誤］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadeofgrape.［正］AlotofFrenchwinesaremadefromgrape.［析］madeof是指由原材料到成品過程中原材料未發(fā)生質地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化則要用from,如：Thedeskwasmadeofhardwood.39>［誤］ThisisagooddictionaryinEnglishgrammar.［正］ThisisagooddictionaryonEnglishgrammar.［析］關于某方而的書籍、報告等有兩個介詞，其中on表示某專業(yè)用書，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如：Thisisabookaboutphysics.即物理科普知識。40、［誤］Doyouhavethekeyofthedoor.［正］Doyouhavethekeytothedoor.［析］keytothedoor門的鑰匙。相同用法還有answertothequestion,entrancetothehighway,dangertohealth.千萬不要用of。41、［誤］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestofcollectingstamps.［IE］TodayalotofChinesepeoplehaveinterestincollectingstamps.［析］haveinterestin是在某方面有興趣。42、［誤］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrytome.［正］Ididn'tdomyhomework,sotheteacherwasangrywithme.［析］beangrywith其后接人，而beangryat其后接事。如：Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.43、［誤］Hewasgoodforskating.［正］Hewasgoodatskating.［析］begoodat為“擅長某事"，而begoodforsomebody為對某人很好。44n［誤］Itwasgoodtoyoutohelpmylittleboy.［正］Itwasgoodofyoutohelpmylittleboy.［析］這句話應譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而begoodtosomebody是對某人態(tài)度好。如：Hermotherisgoodtoeveryone.45>［誤］Myparentswereverypleasedatme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedwithme.［正］Myparentswereverypleasedatmystudying.［析］bepleasedwith后力口somebody,而bepleasedat后力口somethingo46、［誤］Heisagreewithme.［正］Heagreeswithme.47、［誤］Heagainstsme.［正］Heisagainstme.［析］同意agree為動詞，而反對against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、［誤］Ihaven'theardlettersfromhim.［IE］Ihaven'theardfromhim.［析］hearfrom即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter了。49、［誤］Teacher.MayIcallatyouthisweekend?［正］Teacher.MayIcallonyouthisweekend?［析］作為"拜訪"講callat其后接地點，如：MayIcallatyourhomethisweekend?rfucallon其后接人。50、［誤］Doyouknowthegirlonwhite?［正］Doyouknowthegirlinwhite?［析］inwhite為穿一身白。與in有關的詞組有：inbed（睡覺）,inhospital（住院）,inahurry（匆匆忙忙），indanger（危險中）,injoy（高興），ingoodhealth（身體好），inlove（戀愛），introuble（困境），勺之相反的是outof,如：outoftrouble（擺脫困境），outofdate（過時了），outoforder（出故障）51、［誤］Helookedatmeatsurprise.［IE］Helookedatmeinsurprise.［析］surprise的用法一般有三種。①用于句首，Toone'ssurprise,如：Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如：Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.52>［誤］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.［正］Shedidn'tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.［析］becauseof后接名詞，如：Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.（三）例題解析-Thankyouthebeautifulflowers!-Notatall.AinBonCatDfor［答案1D.［析］由于某事向某人道謝應用for。CanyouanswerthisquestionEnglish?AbyBinCwithDfrom［答案1B.［析］in表示用語言、聲音、或材料，如：Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.LookthemapChinathewall,please.A after,of,inB at,of,inC after,in,onD at,of,on［答案1D.［析］lookat為“看“，而onthewall為”在墻表面掛著”，而inthewall則是“在墻內”,如：Thereisholeinthewall.墻上有個洞。-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?-HearrivedtheretheeveningofDecember6th.AatBinConDto［答案］C.［析］intheevening/afternoon這兩個詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應將介詞換為on,如：onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmileourteacher'sface.AoffBnearConDbetween［答案］C.Thetwinsgotonwelltheirclassmates.AtoBinCwithDabout［答案1c.［析］getonwellwith與人相處很好。-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.-1see.I'llcomeSaturdayevening.AinBatConDfor［答案］C.Let'shurry,orwe'llbelateschoolAtoBatCwithDfor［答案1D.［析］belatefor,而comelateto,如：Don'tcomelatetoschoolTheywillhaveamathstesttwodaysAforBatCinDafter［答案］C.［析］三天之內應用in,而不要受中文影響用after,afterthreedays是個不定的時間范圍,即沒有一個準確的時間。5天、6夭、1()天全是afterthreedays。1()MybrotherjoinedthearmyA 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989C March,1989D 1989,inMarch［答案］B.［析］在月份、年、前用介詞in,而日子前用。n。Hecouldn'tworkoutthemathsproblemyourhelpAwithoutBunderCforDwith［答案］A.［析］在某人幫助下應用with,如：WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily而要是沒有你的幫助則用withoutyourhelpGrannytookonelookatusherglassesAbyBthroughConDin［答案1B.［析］through為穿過 oWehadourbreakfastaquartersevenA/,toBin,toCat,toDon,to［答案］C.［析］具體時間點前用at,而差兒分兒點用to,這里應譯為：我在差一刻七點吃的早飯。IlearnFrenchtheradioeverydayAonBinCfromDat［答案］A.［析］從收音機中聽到某事應用詞組ontheradiooIt'sgoodmannerstowaitlineAinBonCatDwith［答案］A.［析］inline為排隊。HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearntlastterm?A bytheendofB attheendofC totheendofD tilltheendof［答案1A.［析］bytheendof為動作的截止時間，與完成時態(tài)相配合ThemanagerwasverysatisfiedhisworkAinBonCaboutDwith［答案］D.［析］besatisfiedwith為固定搭配。JohnhitJackfaceAontheBintheConhisDinhis［答案］B.［析］英文中的某些動詞其后要接人，然后加介詞+the+身體部位，如：Hecaughttheboybythearm。IwasbomthenightSeptember15,1978Ain,onBat,onCat,inDon,of［答案1D.［析］在時間前加介詞時應以最小的時間單位為準。It'sabadmannert