初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句

賓語(yǔ)從句【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】.知識(shí)目標(biāo)：掌握賓語(yǔ)從句的三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài).能力目標(biāo)：通過(guò)自主學(xué)習(xí)，小組合作，挑戰(zhàn)自我學(xué)會(huì)正確使用賓語(yǔ)從句.情感目標(biāo)：體會(huì)在學(xué)習(xí)當(dāng)中通過(guò)團(tuán)隊(duì)協(xié)作所帶來(lái)的愉悅和成功【重難點(diǎn)】.重點(diǎn)：疑問(wèn)語(yǔ)序改為陳述語(yǔ)序（主+謂）.難點(diǎn)：語(yǔ)序和時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)【要點(diǎn)梳理】要點(diǎn)一、定義賓語(yǔ)從句：置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面，在句子中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)：動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句過(guò)”三關(guān)“：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)序，連詞。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句，有些形容詞（afraid，sure，glad等）之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。要點(diǎn)二、賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：連詞：that（that常可省略）,whether,if代詞：who,whose,what,which副詞：when,where,how,why等。（一）that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句（在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略）可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等。例句：Theboybelievesthathewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets..注意事項(xiàng)：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,expect等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。例句：Idon,tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.在以下情況中that不能省略1、當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.2、當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。例句：JustthenInoticed,forthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.3、當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。例句：Ican,ttellhimthathismotherdied.注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。例句：Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.(二)由whether,if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，實(shí)際上是一般疑問(wèn)句演變而來(lái)的。意思是“是否”。賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，在賓語(yǔ)從句中whether與if可以互換使用，但在特殊情況下if與whether是不能互換的。例句：Iwonderwhether(if)theywillcometoourparty.只能用whether，不能用if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1、在帶to的不定式前例句：Wedecidedwhethertowalkthere.2、在介詞的后面例句：I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgotoseethefilm.3、在動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)例句：Wediscussedwhetherwehadasportsmeetingnextweek4、直接與ornot連用時(shí)例句：Ican,tsaywhetherornotthetcancomeontime.只能用if不能用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句1、if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“如果”例句：Thestudentswillgoonapicnicifitissunny.2、if引導(dǎo)否定概念的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)例句：HeaskedifIdidn,tcometoschoolyesterday.3、引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句evenif（即使）和asif（好象）時(shí)例句：Hetalksasifhehasknownallaboutit.（三）連接代詞和連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句這樣的賓語(yǔ)從句實(shí)際上是由特殊疑問(wèn)句變化而來(lái)的，賓語(yǔ)從句要用陳述句語(yǔ)序。用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞常常是：see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,findout,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等。英語(yǔ)中的連接代詞有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或者表語(yǔ)。例句：Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?英語(yǔ)中的連接副詞有：when,where,why,how，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)的成分。例句：Noneofusknowswherethesenewpartscanbebought.要點(diǎn)三、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序是陳述句語(yǔ)序即：連接代詞/副詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他成分。例句：Couldyoutellmewhenthetrainwillleave?要點(diǎn)四、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)1、主句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用任何時(shí)態(tài)。例句：Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell.32、主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句須用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某種形式。例句：Shewassorrythatshehadn,tfinishedherworkontime.3、當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是一個(gè)客觀真理或者事實(shí)時(shí)，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句也用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例句：Theteachertoldhisclassthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.要點(diǎn)五、賓語(yǔ)從句的特點(diǎn)1、賓語(yǔ)從句可以作及物動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。2、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序一律用陳述句語(yǔ)序。3、連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中無(wú)詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成份，多數(shù)情況下可以省略。4、whether和if都可引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，但whether后可緊跟ornot;whether從句可作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。5、如果從句太長(zhǎng)，可以用形式賓語(yǔ)it。要點(diǎn)六、賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移主句中，主語(yǔ)是I/We，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think、suppose>guess，believe等，從句中的否定習(xí)慣上要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，這就是否定轉(zhuǎn)移。Ithinkyouareright.（改為否定句）正：Idon'tthinkyouareright.誤：Ithinkyouaren'tright.Idon,tthinkthatitisworthdoing.我認(rèn)為這不值得做。Idon,tbelievethathewillhelpus.我相信他不會(huì)來(lái)?！菊n堂鞏固】一、選擇填空WangHaitoldme(how/why)hedidn'tgohikingyesterdayafternoon.Canyoutellme(who/whom)elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?Shesaid(that/if)itwouldn'tmattermuch.Healwaysthinks(how/who)hecandoitbetter.reallydon'tknow(howlong/howsoon)thebridgewillbefinished.Theydon'tknow(when/what)wearegoinghiking.Shewantedtoknow(when/if)hercoatwouldbereadythenextday.Iwasreallysurprisedat(what/where)lsaw.Idon'tknow(how/why)somanypeoplearecrowdingroundhim.Doyouknow(whose/who's)shirtitis?二、單項(xiàng)選擇ThemanaskedmeifIhimthewaytothebusstop.A.cantell B.couldtell C.willtell D.tellHetoldmethatheacoldforthreedays.A.has B.hadcaught C.hadhad D.hashadTheywonderediftheirteacherthemanotherstorythenextweek.A.wouldtell B.hadtold C.willtell D.toldCouldyoutellmevesterday?A.whattheydoB.whattheydidC.whatdotheydoD.whatdidtheydoIknewthatthesunintheeastwhenIwasachild.A.rises B.rose C.willriseD.hasrisenCouldyoutellme ?A.whereisthestation B.wherethestationisC.iswherethestation D.thestationiswhereShesaidshewouldleavethemessageontheheadmaster'sdesk.A.that B.whereC.which D.what"I'mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknowitwillarrive?-Usuallyitcomesby4:00.A.howB.whereC.whenD.whatA.howB.whereC.whenD.what-DoyouknowIcouldpasstheexam?-Sorry,I'venoideaA.that B.whetherC.what D.whichTheteacherwantedtoknow.A.whywashelateforschool B.howhecananswerthisquestionC.ifhecouldfinishthemontime D.whetherhisparentsarestrictwithhimHeaskedme toldmetheaccident.A.whom B.whichC.whoPleasetellmelastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworksTOC\o"1-5"\h\zSheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwas14.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidC.yourmothersaidwhat15.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBejingC.whentheywilleaveBeijing三、用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ithinkhe(come)backsoon.D.whoseB.wheredidyoursisterworkD.whereyoursisterworkedC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasitB.whatdidyourmothersayD.whathasyourmothersaidB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingD.whendidtheyleaveBeijing2.Hetoldmehisfather(read)thenewspaperatthistimeyesterday.Iwanttoknowifhe(go)fishingwithme.Ididn'tknowwho(break)thewindow.Hetoldmehisfather(fly)toBejingthenextday.Theteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.Heaskedifthegirl(find)herlostbike.Hesaidhe(go)toBeijingthreeyearsago.Heaskedwhatthegirl(look)for.10.Iaskedhimwhetherit(snow)inwinterinAustralia.參考答案：一、選擇填空1、why2、who3、that4、how5、howsoon6、when7、if8、what9、why10、whose二、單項(xiàng)選擇1、B句意：那個(gè)人問(wèn)我能否告訴他去公共汽車(chē)站的路。此題考查賓語(yǔ)從句與主句的時(shí)態(tài)一致的問(wèn)題。主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的某一種形式。2、C句意：他告訴我他感冒三天了。根據(jù)主句的told可排除A和D。catch是終止性動(dòng)詞，不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。have是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故選C。3、A句意：他們想知道他們的老師下周能否再給他們講個(gè)故事。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知用將來(lái)時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，則賓語(yǔ)從句要用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。4、B句意：你能告訴我他們昨天干了什么嗎？賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，根據(jù)yesterday可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5、A句意：我小時(shí)候就知道太陽(yáng)從東方升起。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句表示的是客觀真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象以及格言、諺語(yǔ)等的時(shí)候，賓語(yǔ)從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)