大學英語精讀6 第2,3,5,7,8課課后習題答案

Lessen21.Butthesemarksofwildcountrycalledtomayfatherlikethelegendarysirensong.Thoughtheplacewasnotpleasantordisagreeable,myfatherwasdeeplyattractedtoitpreciselybecauseofitsunexplored,uncultivatednaturalstate,andthechallenge.2."I'mafraidtheday'sgoingtocatchus,"Iexplained,wonderingwhatgreatdisastermightbefallusifitdid.Asalittlegirl,Ibelievedmyfather'swords,andwasgenuinelyafraidofthepossibledisaster--ifwedidn'thurryup,thedaywouldcatchusandterriblethingsmighthappen.3...fromtimetotimehewashalfheartedlysoughtfortrial,thoughfewcrimesseemedtoleaddirectlytohisdoor.Inthisplace,thoughthepolicewoundmakesomeeffortwithoutrealearnesttoinvestigateWatsonandbringhimtocourt,thereseemedtobelittleconcreteevidencetoprovethathewasresponsibleforcertainillegalactivities.4.ThestrangleholdWatsonhadoverthissectionofFloridawasnotdissimilartotheunscrupulousactivitiesofcertainlawmen,otherlegalcrooks,andevengovernorsthatourstatewastosufferthroughitshistory.ThecontrolWatsonhadoverthispartofFloridawasmuchsimilartothedishonestorillegalactivitiesofthelaw-enforcingofficialsandgovernorswhichFloridawitnessedinthe20thcentury.5.Therewasthelittleshack,notthemostgraciousoflivingquarters,andtherewasamurdererforournearestandonlyneighbor,aboutthirtymilesaway.Beforethefamilybuilttheirownhouse,theylivedinashabbycabinatGopherKey,closetothemercilessWatson.6.KingRichardinhisgluttonyneversatatatablemoresumptuousthanourswasthreetimesaday...Wehadabundantfoodontheisland,andeventhemealsenjoyedbyKingRichard,whowasfamousforhisloveoffood,couldn’tpossiblycomparewithours.7.Despitetheunrelentingheat,wewerehappytobeletofffromourhoursofschoolindoors,sessionswhichourmotherkepteveryday,rainorshine.Althoughitwasveryhotoutsideinthesun,wewerehappytobedismissedfrommymother'ssessionsindoors.wewouldhavetoreadandwritewithhereverydaynomatterwhattheweatherwaslike.PhelineofSherman’smarch在謝爾曼將軍的行軍路線上2.afoldingcotapiece每人一張輕便的帆布折疊床3.toreplenishourfoodstock補充我們的食品4.asanaddedtreat作為特別的款待5.free-roamingcattle自由放牧的牛群6.aninfamousoutlaw一個臭名昭著的亡命之徒7.businessasusual一切照常8.tomakeregularrunstoandfro定期往來運輸9.aweather-boardedshack由隔板搭成的簡陋的小屋10.underthecareandinterestofourentirefamily在我們?nèi)胰说南ば恼樟舷耂entence1.Itwasanidylliclife,andwelivedclosetoourfamilyandtothecomfortsandsafetyasmalltowncouldafford這是一種田園式的生活，我們和親戚住的很近，享受著小鎮(zhèn)生活所能給予我們的舒服和安全2.Butpapawasamanofenterprise;herealizedthattheuntouchedTenThousandIslandsoffthesouthwestcoastofthesatewererichinsoilforcropsandingameforfood但父親是一個很有上進心的人，他知道佛羅里達州西南海岸的萬島群島還沒有被開發(fā)，那兒土壤肥沃，適于耕種，而且獵物充足，不必擔心食物來源3.Thisthirddayout,andthedaystocome,foundusintheunsettledwildsofFlorida出發(fā)后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我們都在佛羅里達無人居住的荒野中穿行4.Itsunderwatergrasseslookedlikegreenribbons,constantlyunrolling,andthetreesheldthickspraysofwildorchids水里的水草就像綠色的絲帶不斷地伸展開來，野蘭花一簇一簇地掛滿了枝頭5.Theburlyarmsofoakswerehugewithfernsandbloomingbromeliads.Redbirds,tanagersandpaintedbuntingsflewbackandforthacrossthetrail,leavingachildwiththeimpressionthatthewoodsweretossingwithjewels以前這里經(jīng)常發(fā)水的河灘岸邊一叢叢地長滿了喬葉櫟，那些地面上鋪著一層綠色的蕨類植物，喬葉櫟粗壯的枝干上也覆蓋著蕨類植物，俯生的鳳梨科植物正在盛開。紅雀，唐那雀和色彩斑斕的鳩鳥沿著小路飛來飛去，在孩子們看來就像是寶石在樹林里跳動6.Thenativewhitesfearedhimasyouwouldarattlesnake,buttheIndiansandblackpeopleweresusceptibletohismanipulations本地的白人像懼怕響尾蛇一樣怕他，而印第安人和黑人則不得不受他的控制和剝削7.Ournewhomewasmorethansafe,itwasajoy我們的新家不僅安全穩(wěn)定，它還給我們帶了了無盡的樂趣8.TodayIcanseeinmygrandsonsandgreat-grandsonssomeofthosequalitiesofcourageandcaringthatmyfatherhadinsuchabundance今天在我的子孫身上，我仍然能看到我父親所擁有的無盡的勇氣和愛心Lesson31...evendroughts,floods,andheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofman.Whatpeopledomayunintentionnallycausedroughts,floods,andheatwaves.2..Butthisimage,nowrepeatedlythrustbeforeusinphotographs,posters,andadvertisements,ismisleading.TheEarthweseeinphotos,posters,andads,whichappearssobeautiful,isnotthetruereflectionoftheworldwelivein,suchimagelullsusintocomplacency.3.Thetechnospherehasbecomesufficientlylargeandintensetoalterthenaturalprocessesthatgoverntheecosphere.Humanactivitieshavetakenplaceoversuchlargeareasandwithsuchintensitythattheyhavealreadycauseddisastrouseffectsonecology.4...whichcouldestablishitselfonlybecauseitfittedproperlyintothepreexistingsystem.thefishcouldplayitsrolebecauseitbecameanecessarylinkwiththeprocessesprecedingitandtheprocessesfollowingitintheecologicalsystem.5.Definedsonarrowly,itisnosurprisethatcarshavepropertiesthatarehostiletotheirenvironment.Whencarsareproducedtoservesuchnarrowpurposes,itisnotsurprisingthatsomeoftheircharacteristicqualitiesareharmfultotheenvironment.6.Yieldsrose,butnotinproportiontotherateoffertilizerapplication...thefarmerappliedmoreandmorefertilizer,andtheproductiondidrisebutdidnotincreaseatthesamerateofthefertilizer.7...theirwasteisflushedintothesewersystemalteredincompositionbutnotinamountattreatmentplant...Peopleeatplantsandanimals,andtheirwasteisflushedintothesewersystem.Afterbeingprocessed,thewasteisstillwaste.theresiduewillgointorivers,oceans,andwillhaveharmfuleffectontheaquaticecosystem.8.Lefttotheirowndevices,ecosystemsareconservative...Iftheecosystemsarenotupsetbyoutsideintrusion,theywillremainthesamewithverylittlechange9.Incontrasttotheecosphere,thetechnosphereiscomposedofobjectsandmaterialsthatreflectarapidandrelentlessprocessofchangeandvariation.Thecharacteristicsoftheobjectsandmaterialsinthetechnospherearerapidchangeandgreatvariety.10.Butthisisdoneonlyatthecostofunderstanding.ifwetakesideinthewarofthetwowords,wearedoingsoattheriskoffailingtohaveaclearunderstandingofthenatureandcauseofthewar,thus,welosethechancetoreallysolvethegraveenvironmentalcrisis.Phrases1.ecologicalnichesandtheirresidentspecies生態(tài)小環(huán)境以及生活在小環(huán)境中的物種2.thehabitatofparasites寄生蟲的棲息地3.thefishhawk’sprey魚鷹的獵食對象4.closedcyclicalprocesses封閉的循環(huán)流程5.highlyradioactivewaste放射性極強的（核）廢料6.finelytunedadaptation經(jīng)過精細調(diào)整后的適應能力7.annuallymodifiedcars每年加以改進的汽車8.theresidueofnylonmarinecordage船用尼龍繩子索的殘留物9.toxicchemicals有毒化學物1.Wehavebeentamperingwiththispowerfulforce,unaware,liketheSorcerer’sApprentice,ofthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofouractions我們一直在濫用這股強大的力量，就像傳說中的魔術(shù)師的師弟一樣，并沒有意識到我們的這種行為很可能會導致災難性的后果2.Eveniftheglobalwarmingcatastrophenevermaterializes,andtheozoneholeremainsanesoteric,polarphenomenon,alreadyhumanactivityhasprofoundlyalteredglobalconditionsinwaysthatmaynotregisteronthecamera即使全球變暖這種災害永不發(fā)生，即使臭氧層空洞仍然只是一種深奧的極地現(xiàn)象，人類的活動已經(jīng)極大地的改變了全球的條件，這些也許是用照相機拍不出來的3.Thetechnosphere,incontrast,isdominatedbylinearprocesses與生態(tài)圈相反，技術(shù)圈是由線性流程決定4.Theenergysourcesthatnowpowerthetechnospherearemostlyfossilfuels,storesthat,oncedepleted,willneverberenewed現(xiàn)在技術(shù)圈運作的能源主要是礦物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生5.Nylon~~isnotbiodegradable—thatis,thereisnoenzymeinanyknowlivingorganismthatcanbreakitdown尼龍不能進行生物分解—也就是說，現(xiàn)存的有機物中還沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)哪種酶可以分解尼龍6.~~livingthingshavecreatedalimitedbutself-consistentarrayofsubstancesandreactionsthatareessentialtolife~~有生命的東西創(chuàng)造了一系列對生命至關(guān)重要的有限但獨立的物質(zhì)和反應7.Afreelunchisreallyadebt,inthetechnosphere,adebtisanacknowledgedbutunmetcost免費的午餐實際上是一種負債，在技術(shù)圈中，債務是指已承認但尚未歸還的欠款8.~~whenthedebtsrepresentedbyenvironmentalpollutionarecreatedbythetechnosphereandtransferredtotheecosphere,theyarenevercanceled,damageisunavoidable.當債務以技術(shù)圈制造的環(huán)境污染的形式出現(xiàn)，然后又轉(zhuǎn)嫁到生態(tài)圈，這種債務將無法消除，造成破壞是不可避免的。Lesson51....thenationalrejectionofdogmaticpreconceptionsaboutthenatureofthesocialandeconomicorderTherearesuchprejudicesinanarrogantmanneraboutthecharacteristicofthesocialorderandeconomicorderandtheytakeitforgranted.Thecountryjustrejectedsuchprejudice.2NorcanonesuggestthatAmericanshavebeenconsistentlyvulnerabilitytosecularideologyeverafterNoonecansaythatAmericanshaveneverbeentemptedbytheapproachofunderstanding,preservingortransformingtheworldaccordingtorigiddogmas.3..andanyintellectsoshapedwas...everafterAmindinfluencedbyCalvinisttheologywouldsurelyfinditsomewhatdifficulttoresistotherideologicaltemptationstoideologicalthinking.4.Pragmatismisnomorewhollydevoid...experiencePragmatismisnotcompletelyfreefromabstractideasjustasideologyisnotcompletelyfreefromexperience,thatistosay,abstractideashaveaplaceinpragmatismjustasexperiencehasaroleinideology.5.Asanideologist,however,Jefferson....historicalcuriosityAsamanfollowingafixedsetofbeliefs,Jeffersonisonlyaninterestinghistoricalfigure.Hisbeliefsareoutofdateandareirrelevanttopresent-dayreality.6....whosecentraldogmaisconfidedtothecustodyofaninfalliblepriesthoodTheircentralbeliefsareimprisonedbythewholebodyofpriestswhoarealwayseffective.7....wherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwhere...onAbsoluteTruthInthisuniverseapersonwhosemindisunconstrainedmaybeabletodiscoverrelationtruthsbutnomanonearthcanclaimthathehasalreadygraspedtheoneandonlytruth.8.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhow...itstillpersists.Ideologyhasthecharacteristicofanarcotic.Inspiteofthefactthatithasbeenprovedwrongmanytimesbyexperience,peoplestilllongtocommitthemselvestoideology.9....theonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.Theonlythingthatissureofadespoticsystemistheunrestrictedexerciseofpower.10.Thedistinctivehumantriumph...liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstriving...nonethelessThemostoutstandingachievementofhumanityistheyknowthatnomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotachieveAbsolutetruth,yettheycontinuetomakegreateffortsandrefusetogiveupPhrases1.dignityofman人的尊嚴2.intellectualimprovement智力提高3.capitalgoods生產(chǎn)資料4.representativeinstitutions代議制政府機構(gòu)5.dogmaticpreconceptions教條式的偏見6.structuresofanalysis分析問題的理論體系7.asetofbindingpropositions一系列必須遵循的主張8.rigidaprioridoctrine僵硬的經(jīng)驗理論9.tonarrowthespectrumofchoice（由于信仰教條的原因）使選擇的范圍變得十分狹小10.fatalisticviewofhistory宿命論的歷史11.closeduniverse封閉的世界12.abundantandstreaminglifeofman豐富的、永不停頓的人類生活13.anabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth獨自掌握了絕對真理14.theuncoercedintercourseofunconstrainedminds自由思想不受約束的交流15.amonolithicworld鐵板一塊的世界1.TheAmericanexperiencewasuniqueinanumberofways美國的經(jīng)驗在許多方面都是獨特的2.Thecountrywasblessedbynotableadvantages—aboveall,bythefactthatpopulationwasscareinrelationtoavailableresources這個國家有著得天獨厚的優(yōu)勢—只要是人口相對稀少而資源十分豐富3.Itroseoriginallyfromaphilosophicalratherthananeconomiccommitment它源于對思想原則的信仰，而不是出于對經(jīng)濟利益的追求4.Wehavefoundnobetterwaythandemocracytofulfillman’stalentsandreleasehisenergies我們發(fā)現(xiàn)民主是使人的才智得到充分施展，人的能量得以充分發(fā)揮的最好方式5.Intherecordofhisconflict,ideologyhasattractedsomeofthestrongestintelligencesmankindhasproduced在意識形態(tài)體系與經(jīng)驗主義斗爭的歷史上，意識形態(tài)體系曾吸引了人類歷史上一些聰明絕頂?shù)娜宋?.Initsfinesthours,theUShas,sotospeak,risenaboveideology在她處于最佳時期時，美國可以說超越了所有的意識形態(tài)體系7.~~thatgovernmentwasbestwhichgovernedleast~政府管得越少越好8.Indeed,thewholeideologicalenterprisecontradictedJefferson’stemper,whichwasbasicallyflexibleandexperimental說實在的，杰弗遜一生在意識形態(tài)體系上所做的努力與他的性格是相矛盾的，他的性格特征基本上是靈活的，從經(jīng)驗出發(fā)的9.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse~~(Thesewords)aresourcesofheat,notoflight我甚至建議在思想界和學術(shù)界的討論中摒棄某些用濫了的詞語~~這些詞語只能使頭腦發(fā)熱，而不會給人以智慧的光芒10.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth自由人掌握許多具體的真理，但他們認為沒有一個凡人能夠掌握絕對真理Lesson71.Formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanlife.Asaresultoftechnologicaldevelopment,humanbelongsnowhavethepowertoputanendtopovertyandhuman,misery,butatthesametimetheyalsopossessthepowertodestroythewholeworld,renderingituninhabitableandlifeless.2....unwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights...Wedonotwanttoseeortoallowtheslowdestructionofthosehumanrights.3.Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesofhalf.....ofmassmisery,wepledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselves...Tothepeopleoftheunderdevelopedcountrieslivinginpovertyinruralareas,wearecommittedtohelpingthemtoridthemselvesofmasspovertybytheirownefforts.4.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.Butweshouldnotletanycommunistpowertakeadvantageofthisallianceforprogresstoexpanditsinfluence.5.Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthis....ofitsownhouse.WewanttomakecleartothecommunistpowersthatAmericasaretheAmericasoftheAmericans.Donotattempttopenetrateintothisarea.6....beforethedarkpowersofdestruction.....oraccidentalself-destruction.Beforetheworldisdestroyedbyanuclearwarlaunchedinapreemptiveattackorcausedbyaccident.7....yetbothracingtoaltertheuncertain...ofmankind'sfinalwar.Yetbothsidesattempttogetanedgeinthenucleararmsracesoastobreakthemutualdeterrencewhichhassofarpreventedtheoutbreakofanuclearwar.8....civilityisnotasignofweakness,andsincerityisalwayssubjecttoproof.Tobereadytonegotiateandestablishfriendlyrelationsdoesnotmeanthatweareweakorafraid.Declarationsofsincereintentionhavetobetestedbyactions.9.Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.Letthetwosidesusethefruitsofscienceforthebenefitofhumanityratherthanusinghigh-techweaponstokillanddestroy.10....eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty..TherehavebeenoccasionsforeachgenerationsofAmericanstobecalledupontofightanddiefortheircountry.1.Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom—symbolizinganendaswellasbeginning—signifyingrenewalaswellaschange我們今天慶祝的不是黨派的勝利而是自由的選擇—象征著一個時代的結(jié)束和另一個時代的開始—意味著延續(xù)與變化2.United,thereislittlewecan’tdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando—forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder如果我們團結(jié)一致，我們在一系列共同從事的失業(yè)中就可以無往不勝，如果我們四分五裂，我們就會一事無成—因為在意見分歧，四分五裂的情況下，我們不敢迎接強有力的挑戰(zhàn)3.~~oneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacedbyafarmoreirontyranny~一種殖民控制形式的消失，不應為另一種更為殘酷的暴政所取代4.~~andtorememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerandendedupinside~要記住，在過去，那些愚蠢地想靠與虎謀皮而得勢的人最終都為虎所食5.~~werenewourpledgeofsupport—topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective—tostrengthitsshieldofthenewandtheweak—andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun~我們重申我們的支持—不讓其變成一個相互指責的論壇—加強其對新生國家和弱小國家的保護—擴大其起主導作用的領(lǐng)域6.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed只有當我們的軍隊強大無比時，我們才有把握永不使用武力7.Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate我們永遠不會由于恐懼而去談判，但我們永不畏懼談判8.Andifabeachedofcooperationmaypushbackthejunglesofsuspicion如果小小的一點合作能驅(qū)散深深的猜疑9.Inyourhands,myfellowcitizens,morethanmine,willrestthefinalsuccessorfailureofourcourse同胞們，我們事業(yè)最終的成敗不是掌握找我手中，而是掌握在你們手中10.Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry不要問你的國家能為你做什么，要自問你能為你的國家做和貢獻Lesson8AroseforEmily1.butgaragesandcottonginshad...ofthatneighborhood...thestreetusedtohouseonlythebestfamilies.Butthengreatchangestookplace:garagesandcottonginswereestablishedonthestreetandtheirexistencewipedoutthearistocratictracesinthatneighborhood.2.NotthatMissEmilywouldhaveacceptedcharity.ItwouldnotbetruetosaythatmissEmilywouldhaveacceptedcharity.3."Justasifaman-anyman-couldkeepakitchenproperly,"theladiessaid....Whattheladiessaidmeantthattheydidnotintheleastbelieveaman,anyman,couldkeepakitchenproperly.4.Itwasanotherlinkbetweenthegross,teemingworldandthehighandmightyGriersons.TheGriersonsregardedthemselvesasveryimportantandtheoutsideworldasvulgarandfullofpeopleinferiortothem.theybelongedtotwoentirelydifferentworlds.however,thecomplaintsaboutthesmellservedasalinkbetweenthetwodifferentworldsandcompelledmissEmilytodealwiththeoutsideworld.5.Thenextdaythereceivedtwomore.....indiffidentdeprecation.Thenextdaythemayorreceivedtwomorecomplaints.oneofthemwasfromamanwhocameandpleadedtothemayorinashyandtimidway.6.Peopleinourtown,rememberinghowoldladyWyatt.....alittletoohighforwhatthereallywere.PeopleinthetownfeltthattheGriersonsfamilyregardedthemselvesmoreimportantthantheyreallydeservedtobe.thefactthatmissEmilygreat-aunt,oldladyWyatthadgonecrazyhadtodowiththisblind,excessiveself-importance.7.Nowshetoowouldknowtheoldthrillandtheolddespairofapennymoreorless.Ordinarypeopleoftenbecomeexcitedorworriedwhentheygetapennymoreorapennyless.Beingpoor,nowshewouldlearntoappreciatethevalueofmoneylikeotherpeopleinthetown.8.Buttherewerestillother,olderpeople,who...withoutcallingitnoblesseoblige.Buttherewerestillothers,olderpeople,whosaidthatnomatterhowsadmissEmilywas(overherfatherdeath),sheshouldnotforgetshehadcertainobligationsasamemberofthenobility,thougharealladywouldnotdescribeherself-restraintbytheexpressionnoblesseoblige.9.WeweregladbecausethetwofemalecousinswereevenmoreGriersonthatMissEmilyhadeverbeen.Weweregladbecausethetwocousinswereevenmorestubbornandself-importantthanEmily.10...andtheveryoldman..confusingtimewithitsmathematicalprogression,astheolddo,towhomallthepastisnotadiminishingroadbut,instead,ahugemeadowwhichnowintereverquitetouches,dividedfromthembythenarrowbottle-neckofthemostrecentdecadeofyears.Andtheveryoldmanconfusedthedatesandyearsofpasthappenings.Totheoldpeople,allthepastshouldbelikearoadthatbecomesmallerasitreachesfurtherback.ButtothoseoldSoutherners,therecentpastoftenyearsorsowaslikeabottle-neck,anarrowpassage,oratunnel.Beyondthatnarrowpassage,theremotepastbecameahugelevelmeadowwherethingswerepleasantlyandfondlymixeduptogether.Likethegreengrassonthemeadownevertouchedbythewinter,thememoriesoftheremotepastremainedblurred,sweet,romanticized,andunchanged.1.WhenMissEmilyGriersondied,ourwholetownwenttoherfuneral:thementhroughasortofrespectfulaffectionforafalle