LED基本原理及歷史發(fā)展

bpi周鍊choulien

LEDPrincipalandHistorybrandstonpartnershipinc.

lightingdesign

LEDPrincipalandHistory

Content Introduction

HowLEDworks,

WhatisaDiode?

HowcanadiodeproduceLight?

Visiblelight-emittingdiodes(VLED)

Whatshouldwedonext?

Interaction/Q&A

SSL半導(dǎo)體照明SolidStateLighting用半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)製作的光源LEDLightingEmittingDiodeOLEDOrganicLightingDiodeLEDHistoryFirstLowpowerBlue&WhiteHighPower50年前人們已經(jīng)了解半導(dǎo)體材料可產(chǎn)生光線的基本知識，應(yīng)用半導(dǎo)體PN結(jié)發(fā)光源原理制成LED問世于20世紀(jì)60年代初

1962通用電氣公司的尼克?何倫亞克（NickHolonyakJr.）

開發(fā)出第一種實際應(yīng)用的可見光發(fā)光二極管

1964年首先出現(xiàn)紅色發(fā)光二極管，之后出現(xiàn)黃色LED。

直到1994年，藍色、綠色LED才研制成功。

1996年由日本Nichia（日亞）成功開發(fā)出白色LED

LED發(fā)展歷史經(jīng)歷了哪些過程

但由于其亮度差、價格昂貴等條件的限制，無法作為通用光源推廣應(yīng)用。

近年來，LED制造不斷進步和新材料（氮化物晶體和熒光粉）的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用，

各種顏色的超高亮度LED取得了突破性進展，其發(fā)光效率提高了近1000倍，

色度方面已實現(xiàn)了可見光波段的所有顏色，

其中最重要的是超高亮度白光LED的出現(xiàn)，使LED應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域跨越至高效率照明光源市場成為可能。

高亮度LED將是人類繼愛迪生發(fā)明白熾燈泡后，最偉大的發(fā)明之一。

LED發(fā)展歷史經(jīng)歷了哪些過程

LEDhistory/new/content/controllers.php

最初LED用作儀器儀表的指示光源,than指示燈、信號燈、顯示屏、景觀照明等領(lǐng)域，

日常生活中處處可見，家用電器、電話機、儀表板照明、汽車防霧燈、交通信號燈等。

Introduction

ItisnowonthewaytobecomethelightsourceforthegenerallightingintheArchitecturalworld

Introduction

Lightemittingdiodes,commonlycalledLEDs,arerealunsungheroesintheelectronicsworld.Theydodozensofdifferentjobsandarefoundinallkindsofdevices.

Basically,LEDsarejusttinylightbulbsthatfiteasilyintoanelectricalcircuit.

Butunlikeordinaryincandescentlamps

theydon'thaveafilamentthatwillburnout,andtheydon'tgetespeciallyhot.

Theyareilluminatedsolelybythemovementofelectronsinasemiconductormaterial,andtheylastjustaslongasastandardtransistor.

HowLEDworks

WhatisLED?

Whatisadiode?LEDChip(晶粒,晶片)LensCathodeAnodeReflector－＋WindowlayerInGaAlPactivelayerBraggreflectorGaAs-SubstrateCathodeAnode

低電壓驅(qū)動不同顏色壽命衰減不同已具備配光設(shè)計熱,燙貴

Vfvs.IfIfvs.TaFluxvs.IfRadiationPattern備註：【1】NGL：美國次世代照明計畫

【2】OIDA：北美光電產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展協(xié)會

【3】21世紀(jì)照明要求2007年取代白熾燈,2005年發(fā)光效率可達80Lm/w,2010年發(fā)光效率可達120Lm/w,

2002

20072012

2020

NGL

OIDA

NGLOIDANGL

OIDA

NGL

OIDA

發(fā)光效率(Lm/w)

25

30

50

75

150

150

200

200

成本(＄/KLm)

500

100

50

10

＜15

5

＜5

2

壽命(KHrs)

＞1

20

10

20＞10

100

＞10

100

演色性

60

75

80

80＞80

85

＞80

85

光輸出(Lm/Lamp)

20

2001000

1500

N/AN/AN/AN/A比較項目效率高（紅色﹑黃色）元件壽命長堅固﹑耐濕﹑耐震體積小色彩純正（單色波長）

LEDhistory

HowLEDHowLightEmittingDiodesWork

1、按發(fā)光管發(fā)光顏色分

2．按發(fā)光管出光面特征分

3．按發(fā)光二極管的結(jié)構(gòu)分

4．按發(fā)光強度和工作電流分

LED分類

LED工藝流程圖

1、

產(chǎn)品封裝結(jié)構(gòu)類型

2．引腳式封裝

3．表面貼裝封裝

4．功率型封裝

LED封裝

晶片，什么是led晶片?

Control

ControlLEDdriverintegratesanalog,PWMdimmingcontrol/

Control

Theelectricenergyisproportionaltothevoltageneededtocauseelectronstoflowacrossthep-njunction.

ThedifferentcoloredLED'semitpredominantlylightofasinglecolor.Theenergy(E)ofthelightemittedbyanLEDisrelatedtotheelectriccharge(q)ofanelectronandthevoltage(V)requiredtolighttheLEDbytheexpression:E=qVJoules.

Thisexpressionsimplysaysthatthevoltageisproportionaltotheelectricenergy,andisageneralstatementwhichappliestoanycircuit,aswellastoLED's.Theconstantqistheelectricchargeofasingleelectron,-1.6x10-19Coulomb.

HowMuchEnergyDoesanLEDEmit?

SupposeyoumeasuredthevoltageacrosstheleadsofanLED,andyouwishedtofindthecorrespondingenergyrequiredtolighttheLED.LetussaythatyouhavearedLED,andthevoltagemeasuredbetweentheleadsofis1.71Volts.SotheEnergyrequiredtolighttheLEDisE=qVorE=-1.6x10-19(1.71)Joule,sinceaCoulomb-VoltisaJoule.MultiplicationofthesenumbersthengivesE=2.74x10-19Joule.

FindingtheEnergyfromtheVoltage

SupposeyoumeasuredthevoltageacrosstheleadsofanLED,andyouwishedtofindthecorrespondingenergyrequiredtolighttheLED.LetussaythatyouhavearedLED,andthevoltagemeasuredbetweentheleadsofis1.71Volts.SotheEnergyrequiredtolighttheLEDisE=qVorE=-1.6x10-19(1.71)Joule,sinceaCoulomb-VoltisaJoule.MultiplicationofthesenumbersthengivesE=2.74x10-19Joule.

FindingtheFrequencyfromtheWavelengthofLight

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LED

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LEDLightBulbs

E2725WattHighPowerLEDBulb

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

PAR3870to100WattHighPowerLEDBulb

QLE27-1W12-DLSpotlight.Standardhouseholdormediumbasescrew-inLEDbulb.TheQLE27-1W12-DLisanopenfacealuminumbasedbulbandproducesacleanwhitelightwithnoshadows,rings,blotchesorothercoloration.TheQLE27-1W12-DLcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage85-265vaccircuitry.Indooruse.

LED:12x1WattEdisonOpto-30degreeviewangleorwidthVoltage:85-265vacLumen:720lumenLux:110,000luxLightOutput:Estimatedat75WattsBeamWidth:30degreesColorTemp:5500Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:12.0watts-350mAOperatingTemperature:62°CDimensions:4.8inchDx5.52inchHCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

QLE27-3W7-DLFloodlight.Standardhouseholdormediumbasescrew-inLEDbulb.TheQLE27-3W7-DLisanopenfacealuminumbasedbulbandproducesacleanwhitelightwithnoshadows,rings,blotchesorothercoloration.TheQLE27-3W7-DLcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage85-265vaccircuitry.Indooruse.

LED:7x3WattEdisonOpto-60degreeviewangleorwidthVoltage:85-265vacLumen:700lumenLux:110,000luxLightOutput:Estimatedat90WattsBeamWidth:60degreesColorTemp:5500Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:21.0watts-700mAOperatingTemperature:62°CDimensions:4.8inchDx5.52inchHCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheEdisonPAR30Lisa4stagedimmableLEDbulb.Itcanbeactivatedwitheitherstandardtoggletypeon/offswitches,orwithslidingorrotarydimmers.TheTheEdisonPAR30Lcanbeusedanywhereintheworldwithitsdualvoltage100-240vaccircuitry.Indoororprotectedoutdooruseonly.Dimability:25%-50%-75%-100%Operatesbestwithstandardtoggleswitch.Whenusedwitharotaryorslidedimmerinline,flickeringwillsometimesoccur.Pleaseuseastandardtoggleswitchforbestperformance.LED:6each1.5WattEdisonOptoLEDsVoltage:100-240vacLumen:450lumenwith40degreelensLux:1650lux@6000kwith40degreelensLightOutput:Estimatedat70WattsCRI:Upto90BeamWidth:40degreesColorTemp:6000Kelvin-DaylightWhitePowerConsumption:10.0wattsLifeExpectancy:40,000+hoursDimensions:3.75inchDx5.0inchtallCertification:

CEApprovedTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LinearLEDModule

HighPowerLEDLightFixture

TheLinearLEDModulewithsmdLEDsistrulya"PlugN'Play"LEDlightingfixture.Itisdesignedtobeinstalledata45degreeangletoprojecttheLEDlightforwardanddownontothecountertop,orfacingontoawallanduptotheceilingforcovelighting.TheLinearLEDModulecanalsobeinstalledvericallyfacingdownorupfordisplaycases.TheflexibilityofinstallationandapplicationsisduetothedesignoftheplasticmountingclipandthetriangularshapeoftheLinearLEDModuleframe.

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

WPBAR1MDLWaterproofRigidLEDBar,FullMeterLength

6000KelvinColorTemp.,White

$64.80eachandless.TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LinearDisplayLEDLight

HighPowerLEDLightFixturePhysicalandElectricalproperties:

Dimensions:1250mm/49.25inchesx30.1mm/1.19inchx22.85mm/.90inchMaterials:Aluminumextrusionwithblackplasticendcaps.AcrylicLensPackageContents:

LightSource:241wattNichiaHighPowerSMDLEDLEDViewAngle:120degreePowerConsumption:28watts-1.67ampsIlluminance:1320lumen@5500KforDaylightWhiteIlluminance:1080lumen@3300KforWarmWhiteOpticalPerformance:76CRI-DaylightWhiteOpticalPerformance:73CRI-WarmWhiteLightOutput:165wattsDaylightWhite-135wattsWarmWhiteCurrentRegulation:ConstantCurrentDriveronboardOperatingVoltage:24VoltOperatingTemperature:-20°Cto40°C-IndoorsWarranty:2yearwithproperinstallationandpowersupplyTheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

Theslim,elegantyetsimplydesignedLibrausesthenewhighpoweredNichiaEmitterswith120degreelightspreadtocoveranaveragedeskwithclearbrightlight.Thebasecontainstheon/offsoft-touchswitchwhichallowsdimmingofthelight.

OperatingVoltage:24voltdc,adapterincludedLEDs:18pieces.5watt(1/2watt)NichiaPowerConsumption:12wattsLumen:280lumenIlluminance:1300luxLightOutput:50wattsSwitch:SoftTouchOn/Offwithdimmer;withmultifunctionsAdjustability:Armswings190degreestolightupaceilingOverallLength:15.5inches;backofbasetofronttipofthelightheadOverallHeight:14.58inchesWarranty:Twoyearfromdateofpurchase.Material:CastsilvercoatedaluminumWeight:2lbs,7ouncesAdapter:included;90-240vacdualvoltage;CEandUL

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

LEDLightingFixtures

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

Specificationsare:

LightSource:18highbrightWhiteandcoloredLEDsLumen:40lumenwhite;colorsestimatedat30lumenLightOutput:estimatedat15wattsPowerConsumption:180mA-1.3wattsperPolarisFixtureLens:ClearDimensions:85mm/3.4inchesLwithadiameterof55mm/2.2inches.PowerCord:36"powercordHousing:Rust-Proof316StainlessSteel.Warranty:1YearPro-Ratedifadimmerisalsopurchased!ULCertifiedNotDimmable

PolarisWhiteLED

$79.00eachandless

TheLEDLight.ComCatalog-ProductList

WallPackLights

DatafortheWallPack150-12-4X,ourstandardunit.

10.5-14.8VoltsDC@530ma

Constantlightoutputdriverwithintheratedvoltage

180°outputfloodstyle

1,100FC,11,811luxatlens

650luxat8"fromglass=50Wattlamp

6500Klightcolortemperature-truewhi