高中英語閱讀理解題型解讀、解題技巧及練習(xí)(教師版)附答案解析

高中閱讀解題型解讀

一般來說匯速度和理解能力是閱讀理解中三個(gè)最重要且有相互聯(lián)系的因素。閱的法以用下種跳就是快速的一步閱讀法。實(shí)際上是有選擇閱讀，找關(guān)鍵詞。用這種閱讀方法回答whowhat、when之的問題最為有效。略：指跳讀慢些的二步閱讀法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速閱讀，目的是了解大意，對(duì)文章有個(gè)總的概念。此種閱讀方法能回答why、how之類的問題。精即最細(xì)致、最慢的深層閱讀方法，目的是求得對(duì)所讀文章的全部意義的理解與掌握。在用讀巧盡做以幾：1.帶問閱讀文找主句確中思。3.推單、句和章含。4.盡選答案（二）不同體裁文章的特點(diǎn)及解題技巧1.記文記敘文又可分傳記類和事。傳類文章在閱讀中間是全文的關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)時(shí)間我們可以找到相關(guān)的事件抓文的主要內(nèi)容故事類文章情節(jié)性較強(qiáng)閱讀時(shí)要注意故事中的時(shí)間地、人物和發(fā)生的件，這些都是文章中的主要內(nèi)容和信息準(zhǔn)理解文章十分重要。2.說文解釋說文解釋說明文著重說明事物的本質(zhì)征和功用等許多科普文章都屬于這一類在閱讀這類文章時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)解決how,why一類的問題它是文章的關(guān)鍵如能帶著這些問題閱讀，將會(huì)更迅速抓住文章的主題。比較說文比較說明文是通過對(duì)比方法說明問題。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)要善于把握全篇陳述的基本傾向。作者在談?wù)撘粋€(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的問題時(shí)總要顧及到爭(zhēng)議的各個(gè)方面是在一般情況下作者的陳述總要傾向于某一種觀點(diǎn)。3.應(yīng)文應(yīng)用文涉及的范圍比較廣，包括廣告、通知、書信等。我們可將閱讀理解歸納為以四大型據(jù)閱讀理解題考查角度的不同采用不同的解題技巧來應(yīng)付。Ⅰ事細(xì)題屬于細(xì)節(jié)類型的閱讀理解題一般只針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)型以多種多樣類型一般分兩種。第一種是直接理解題原文中可以直接找到答案第種是詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，正確選項(xiàng)是原文有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換類試題一定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、發(fā)展過程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)所答一定要符合原文切可望文生義這類題型的主要提問方式常為：Whichfollowinginpassage?Whichfollowingdiscussed/mentionedinpassage?Whichorderofeventsgiveninthepassage?Allthefollowingstatementsare.1細(xì)節(jié)題的破解一般采用尋讀法先看試題再文章對(duì)關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位，再將相關(guān)信息進(jìn)行整合、甄別、分析、對(duì)比，有根有據(jù)地排除干擾項(xiàng)，選出正確答案。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性提了做題的準(zhǔn)率節(jié)了寶貴的時(shí)間做此類型的題目還要特別注意句子的邏輯關(guān)系。英語中有許多功能詞，如：表因果關(guān)系的because,since,等表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的thehand等。Ⅱ猜詞題在高考閱讀題中生到的最障礙往往有兩個(gè)是被已認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)二被完全不認(rèn)識(shí)的詞的意思所阻礙而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難影響閱讀的速度其實(shí)解決這兩個(gè)困難一個(gè)重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念學(xué)"順藤摸瓜"通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。在讀題要意以七方著：）據(jù)義解、明測(cè)詞的義在be，called，等斷詞出現(xiàn)的斷句中，或定語從句及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，可以根據(jù)已知部分測(cè)詞的含義如Theherdsman,whoafterearnsabout通過理解定語從句的意思，能猜出herdsman是牧”。）據(jù)比系測(cè)詞詞在buthoweveryet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯對(duì)比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過這種對(duì)比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：Though’sfacewashedquiteclean,hisneckremainsgrubby.和意思相對(duì)的便是骯臟的了因此可猜出句中的思是“臟的。）過果系測(cè)義because,與是連接原因狀語從句的從屬連是接表示結(jié)果的狀從句的連詞，so...thatsuch...that中that是接結(jié)果狀語從句的些息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如Shetotrimherhairabitbecauseittoo根because從所講的意思，我們就可推測(cè)trim就是“修剪之。）根據(jù)活識(shí)測(cè)義運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力自的生活驗(yàn)及生活常識(shí)聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分可以正確猜出詞義。例如：Mostoftherosesarebeginningwitherbecauseof根句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，wither表“萎。）據(jù)等系測(cè)義同等關(guān)系指是一個(gè)詞一詞或短語在句中作同一成分且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)志是，這樣的詞組或短語中間常常用并列連詞或or來接。例如：Athewasprimefull從“齡42歲以與具同關(guān)系的fullof以猜出prime意思是盛時(shí)期。）據(jù)舉事猜詞Youcantakeanyoftheperiodicals:“TheWorldofEnglish“ForeignLanguageTeachinginSchools”,or“EnglishLearning從面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical期刊，雜”的意思。）據(jù)詞知猜詞根據(jù)學(xué)過的構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如在年福建的高考題章中有這樣一句：Theschoolsarereluctanttimeoff—teacherswithfortheEngland-Argentinagettingthedayoff.2kindB.unwillingC.Ⅲ推判題做這類題要求考生在閱讀理解整體語篇的同時(shí)要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度圖文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷力求作者的角度去考慮要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn)不主觀臆斷，憑空想象，任意發(fā)揮，而走入誤。生要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用主題句去推測(cè)、揣摩文字背后作者的意圖，運(yùn)用歸納、對(duì)比、演繹技能，運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)去挖掘文章深層含義，從而正確理解作者的言外之意同時(shí)認(rèn)真體文章的語氣與感情基(如定惡?jiǎn)柎?。這試常如句發(fā)：Whatyouconclude/implyfrompassage?’stheauthorattitude（態(tài)度）Wecaninfer/learnfrompassagethat...如：therewrongwithinworkersdonothingbutengineerforhelp,whodrewalineonitand“Takeoffpartwherethelineisanditforanewone.machine,withnewlineon,beganrunningwellengineerthenaskedforforhaddone.followingwerehewroteonbill,“Thenewonlycostsonedollar,knowingwheretheproblemwiththemachineiscosts29,999.Q:Whatyouconcludepassage?formoneyworkersC.theknowledgeisworthD.couldcostmore這篇短文是作者講的一個(gè)故事，那么通過這個(gè)故事我們可以判斷出什么呢？雖然作者沒有言明，但是我們可以斷定，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的所在需要智慧和知識(shí)，知識(shí)是創(chuàng)造價(jià)值的源泉，因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為。Ⅳ主大題這種題型要求考生能夠把握文章的總體，并真正理解主題和中心；要求能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法解題，難度較大，屬于高層次題。一般主旨大意題可以分為兩類：．定章標(biāo)和題title標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，也可以是句子。要確定文章標(biāo)題，首先，要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，考慮標(biāo)題是否與主題密切相關(guān)；其次看題是否能概括全文內(nèi)不只概括短文中的某些事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)然后要意標(biāo)題范圍不應(yīng)太大或太小后題應(yīng)簡(jiǎn)練并能吸引讀者:1特新穎括強(qiáng)3短小精煉。常見的標(biāo)題型題干：Theheadlinemightbe________.Thecouldbeentitled______.Whatisbesttitleforthe’stheofarticle?如：apeopleinthewereoutofthesepeopleamanAlfredhadaninandtofillhistimeheagamewhichhecalled“Lexico”.However,hewasnotcompletelysatisfiedwiththesomadenumberofchangestoitanditsLexicoto“Alphandto“CrissCross”.Hewantedtomakesomemoneyfromhisnewgamebuthedidnhaveanyreal商性的)3Q:textisabout________.LexicoThreemenAwordAlfred【解題思路】答案A和C偏概全。因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為。2.主句topicsentence及旨意idea)的概一篇文章一般表達(dá)一個(gè)中心內(nèi)容或主題個(gè)心內(nèi)容或主題通常用一個(gè)句子來概括句叫做主題句。一般來說明文和議論文都有主題句，而且多位于文章的開頭，有時(shí)也位于文章的中間或末尾但時(shí)不能文中直接找到主題句求讀者把握每段的主題句清段于段之間邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)上自己歸納總結(jié)句須能簡(jiǎn)潔明了地概括全文的主要內(nèi)容，具有高度的綜合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是對(duì)主題句的進(jìn)一步解,明論證或擴(kuò)展常的題和旨題：Whatisofpassage?Thismainlytellsthat_____________.Whichfollowinggivesgeneralofpassage?Whichfollowingmainof如studied4yearsanddecidedleaveHetransferredUniversityofBerlinwithHarvardLawSchoolprovidedhimwithanbackground.HecorporationlawyerinMiami,Q:WhatmainofHowJoshuaBinghamisaC.Binghamreceivedexcellenteducation.Agoodgoodeducation.【解題思路】此沒有主題句全篇共四句，只陳述了四個(gè)細(xì)(detail)的事實(shí)。因此就答案本身看，個(gè)個(gè)都對(duì)。讀者只能將所有的綜起來，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，才能構(gòu)成一個(gè)沒有言明的主題思(unstatedmainidea)。于文中主要涉及了Bingham接教育的情況，即作者想告訴我們的是JoshuaBingham接過良好的教育，所以答案是Ｃ總之閱讀水平的提高不是一兩的閱讀就可以見效的要提高閱讀能力一是要培養(yǎng)良好的閱讀行為習(xí)慣；如：要用眼光看，不要用手指去點(diǎn)；要默讀，不要小聲讀。二是要積累大量的詞匯，把閱讀中的高頻難詞熟記，每次閱讀后要整理好生詞，然后記住其意思。三是要廣泛地做課后閱讀，堅(jiān)持每天讀1-2篇章。四是不要一遇到生詞就查字典，要先猜其意義，等做完題目后再查字典，以免影響閱讀速度。高中閱讀解解題技巧一速全，解意主。閱讀能力一般指閱讀速度和理解能力兩個(gè)方面讀速度是閱讀最基本的能力生須在十分有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)運(yùn)用略讀、掃讀、跳讀等技巧快速閱讀，搜尋關(guān)鍵詞、主題句，捕捉時(shí)空、順序、情節(jié)、人物、觀點(diǎn)，并且理清文章脈絡(luò)，把握語篇實(shí)質(zhì)。抓主題句是快速掌握文章大意的主要方法。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭和結(jié)尾。主題句往往對(duì)全文起提示、啟迪、概括、歸納之作用，主旨大意題，歸納概括題，中心思想題往往直接可從主題句中找到答案。試試看，你能找出下面一段文章的主題句嗎？4ThepandaisapopularStoriesaboutpandainthearepageimportantfeaturesnewscasts.areamongpopularforchildren,andpostcardsiningiftshops.不難看出，文章的第一句是主題句，后面的句子都圍繞這個(gè)句子展開。二看干帶問讀章首先要掌握問題的類型觀信息題可以從文章中直接找到答案主觀判斷題考查的是對(duì)文章的感情基調(diào)等類題必須經(jīng)過對(duì)作者的態(tài)度圖及對(duì)整篇文章進(jìn)行深一層的推理等試題干以及各個(gè)選項(xiàng)所包含的信息有針對(duì)性地對(duì)文章進(jìn)行掃讀，對(duì)有關(guān)信息進(jìn)行快速定位。此法加強(qiáng)了閱讀的針對(duì)性，提高了做題的準(zhǔn)確率。三邏輯理做深理題在實(shí)際閱讀中有時(shí)作者并未把圖說出來閱讀者要根據(jù)字面意思通語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度文章的寓義。要求讀者對(duì)文字的表面信息進(jìn)行分析掘和邏輯推理能事論事偏概全理題在提問中常用的詞有infer,imply,indicate等。四猜詞義掃閱攔虎猜詞是應(yīng)用英語的重要能力不但需要準(zhǔn)確無誤地理解上下文且有較大的泛讀量，掌握或認(rèn)識(shí)較多的課外詞匯。我們要學(xué)順藤摸”通過構(gòu)詞，語法，定義，同位，對(duì)比，因果，常識(shí)，上下文等線索確定詞義。a.定法Itwillbealsois,itwill從面的解釋中們可以了解到brittle是脆的意思。同位法longlasttoacastle,abuildinginoldtimes.同語部分alargebuildingold給出了castle的切詞義，即城。對(duì)法usuallypromptforallclass,buttodayinthemiddleoffirstbut一表轉(zhuǎn)折前的意思正相反句的意思是她今天“第一節(jié)上了一才”因此反向推理，可得出她平時(shí)一準(zhǔn)的論。構(gòu)詞法前綴、后綴、復(fù)、派生)canseesomeforfiftypossibility是的根名詞，據(jù)此以斷定possibility意思是可能性。e.因法Thelackofcausedthemusclestoweaken.SometimesthewasSocouldsport從后面的結(jié)果永不能再運(yùn)動(dòng)中，可以推測(cè)permanent的意思永遠(yuǎn)的，永久的?；A(chǔ)練習(xí)故類

(1)Son’sHelpMr.LangworkedinAsadriver,wasbusywasHiswifeanabledidallhousework.back,shecareofhedidathome.SohadhehadAfewofliked賭博)andlearneditsoon.Sohewasinterestedinitandhardlyanythinggambling.Heallhismoneyhebegantosellthetelevision,watchessoon.5iswifetoldhimtodobuthedidnlistentoher.Shehadtotellthepolice.Heandhiswerepunishedforit.AndhesentAfterhecameoflockup(拘留所)hehatedverymuchleavehim.tNewYear’sDay.Mr.didngotowork.Hefeltlonelywantedtogambleagain.HecalledhisfriendsButwereafraidthepolicetoldhisfive-year-oldfindifwerethepolicemenwaitedforlonganddidnthinkthepoliceandtogamble.Suddenlyopenedthedoorandina“Isawthereweren’tanypolicemenoutside,daddy,saidtheboy,“sowenttocrossingaskedsometocome.”LangwaspaidbecausehewasadriverB.workedinC.hadalotofhadthereforalongtimeMrs.Langdidall_______.A.shecouldn’tfindanyC.heralltimeingambling

sheherhusbandD.shewouldn’tstophusbandgambling_______,wasintogambledLangwaslateforworkC.LangdidnhelphiswifeD.Mr.Langwasn’tpolitetopolicewomanleaveMr.LangbecauseA.didnloveanylongerB.wouldngamblingC.hadbeenintowashardlysentawaybythefactoryWhichofthefollowingTheboyhopedhisfatheragain.TheboythoughthisfatherTheboyhopedhisfatherstopgamblingsoon.Theboyhopedhismothercome【答案與解析本講一個(gè)賭棍要賭錢因叫他的兒子把風(fēng)可的兒子卻把警察找來的故事。C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第段2句Asadriver,hewashe可答案為C。B。推斷題。根據(jù)第段3句wifeanwomandidtheback,shecareofheneveranythinghome知答案為BA。推斷題。根據(jù)Histoldhimithedidnlistentoher.Shehadtothepolice可答案為AA節(jié)據(jù)hatedverymuchandthewomantoleavehim可答案為A。B義理解題據(jù)后一句話Ithereweren’tpolicemanoutside,daddy,sowentandtocome可知答案為B。教類（2）inmanylearningSomeofthesestudentsaresmallchildren.OthersareManyothersAbylearningoninfilm.Onehardlearnanother6language.WhyallthesepeoplelearnItanswerthisquestion.Manygirlslearnatschoolitoneofsubjectsforstudy.TheystudytheirandandEnglish:Somelearnitbecauseitisusefulforpeoplelearnfortheirwork.peoplefortheirbecauseatcollegeoruniversityofbooksinpeoplebecausetheynewspapersmagazinesinEnglish.People_______.overradioC.notallinsameDifferentpeoplewantlearnEnglish_______.togetherwithotherforreas**C.forworkforhigheratthatcanlearnverydifficultislearnedbymostpeopleintheworldislanguagebutonehardlearnWhichofthefollowingWedon’tneedtolearnanyforeignWecanwellinallourworkEnglish.istheinschools.Weneedtofacetheworld.【答案與解析】這篇文章探究了學(xué)習(xí)英語熱潮的現(xiàn)象和發(fā)生這種現(xiàn)象的原因。D。第1我們可以知道學(xué)習(xí)英語的形式可以overinfilm等同的方式。B根據(jù)第人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原因有requiredforstudy,usefulfortheirwork,forstudies等幾種。由此可推知人們學(xué)習(xí)英語的原是不同的。D。于們學(xué)習(xí)英語的各種原因可以發(fā)現(xiàn)英語是非常有用的。但從smallchildren到adults(年人)用各種形式去學(xué)，說明英語必須靠人的努力才能學(xué)好。D由于文章中說很多國家都學(xué)習(xí)英語，么如果不學(xué)習(xí)英語就不能融入現(xiàn)代社會(huì)。所以學(xué)習(xí)英語的目的是weneedto我們需要面對(duì)這個(gè)世界)科技類（）Thecomputerisausefulmachine.Itinmanyyears.Thekindofthe算)inago,butthemoderncomputerbuiltinAcouldmathsproblemsquiteareusedinmanyandofwork.InafewyearsthecomputermaytheofeveninfarawayIntheyears,havegreatincomputers.Theysmallersmaller,andagreecannowdocannotdoknowswhatcomputersoftomorrowwillbelike?WillbringgoodbadthingsThescientistsofwillhavetousecomputershelpfulB.C.D.7firstmodernwasbuilt_______ago.afewfortysixtyoftodayarethanB.fewerC.taller_______.everythingB.anythingnothingD.oftodayusethecomputersofB.canD.needn’tmake【答案與解析】本文講計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史。A。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)據(jù)第話Thecomputer可知答案為A。C。推斷題。第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)是年產(chǎn)的，距今大約年，所以應(yīng)選。C。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第段2句smallersmaller可知答案為C。D題第2段句Todaycomputersusedinandkindsof以…buttheycannotdoeverything可知答案為D。B細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)最后一句話Thescientistsoftodaywilldecidehowthe可答案為。歷史類（4）agreedtoplansfortunnel(隧道)underEnglishin1802.Britishbegandiggingin1880.NeithertunnelhadtowaituntilthecenturyforAftertwoofdreaming,islandofBritainconnectedtoContinentalforfirsttimetheAge,themassesmovednMay6,1994,Britain’sQueenElizabethandFrance’sPresidentMitterrandcarriedouttheofficialopening.TheQueen同)throughthehistoricofRolls-Roycewhichwasplacedthetrain.ThefollowingsawcelebrationtakingplaceandstartuntillatterpartofislandGreatBritain_______.FrancealltheB.separatedfromFrancewithaC.separatedfromallthetimeD.towiththetunnelQueenatopening.carRolls-RoycetunnelcarwhichthroughthetookMitterrand’strainthroughthetunneloneBritainFrance_______.shiporC.bycarorship,orWhichofthefollowingNapoleonfortunnel.ThepublicthroughthetunnelbytrainMayThebuiltfortwocenturies.ThewillgreatBritainandFrance.【答案與解析】本文主要講述拿破侖早在1802年就同意在英吉利海底修建隧道的計(jì)劃，英8國在年開始挖掘但沒有完成大兩個(gè)世紀(jì)后即到了1年大列顛島和歐洲大陸才由海底隧道連接起來。D理解題1段theislandofGreatBritainisconnectedtoContinentalforthefirstsinceAge可看出GreatBritain和France是由the連起來的。C。義理解題。第段句Queenwas陪)hertrainthehistoriconeofcarsonthetrain已確告知是么去參加開幕典禮的。B。判斷題。既然年前沒有隧道，那當(dāng)然只有船或乘飛機(jī)從英國去法國。。判斷題。拿破侖是同意修建隧道的計(jì)劃，不是制定計(jì)劃，故排除A項(xiàng)接近1994年底，公眾才能夠坐火車穿過隧道B項(xiàng)對(duì)文章并沒有說隧道建了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間項(xiàng)不對(duì)；而隧道修建成功時(shí)，英、法兩國元首都出席，由此可見隧道對(duì)兩國的重要性。人類（）NickPetrelsisadoctorinMontreal.Heworks60hoursweek.HeofinthehospitalandoffHe’sadoctorfortenyears.Dr.Petrelsgiveshispatientsgoodmedicaladvice.Buthedoesn’tjusttellhispatientswhattodo.Healsosingstelevision!Dr.hasTVTheshowisinandFrench.Thestartswithandthenmedicaladvice.amedicaldiseasesimplelanguage.Afterthat,heanotherDr.Petrelsperformsinshoweveryweek.Theverywithhispatientswithenjoyhisdream表演)inHisheoflovesongshewrote.Petrelssays,“Ialwayslovedtosing.AllmyproblemsaregonewhenIsing.”ButwhenDr.Petrelswasyoung,hisfathersinger,tomedicalschool.peopleDr.Petrelshepeopledoctor.Butsayshehelpspeoplewhenhesings,too.“Iliketomakepeoplesmile.’sdifficulttoasick娛樂bothtrysamething.Theytrytopeoplefeelgood.”Dr.Petrels60hoursa_______.giveshispatientsB.takescareof159aC.singshisownTVDr.Petrels_______,sosingingdoctor.beenfortenB.lovedtoC.ispopularwithhisalsoshow,Dr.PetrelsingsgivesmedicaladviceB.singsC.startsdiseaseswithasongsingslovesongs4.Dr.Petrelsshowispopular_______.inLasatmedicalschoolC.withpeoplelikehisD.withinDr.Petrelslikes_______.B.makefeelbetterC.sameD.makepeople9【答案與解析】這篇文章描繪在Montreal一個(gè)有趣的醫(yī)生，他不但給病人治病，還在自的節(jié)目中為病人唱歌，給他們帶來歡笑。B。段告訴我們159a如多的病人，難怪He60hours。D由第的Hesingstothemon，們可得知他被稱為的原因。A。根據(jù)第2段startswithsongandgivesmedicaladvice我們便可知道Petrel在的目中干些什么。。根據(jù)第的第2句programisverypopularwithandwithpeoplewhohis可知答案為C。Dr.受迎的不只在這地方和Patient這些人。B。最后一句的trytofeel告了我們Dr.想干什么。提升訓(xùn)練一、人物類InOctoberatCrowleyinCincinnatianolddeafgentlemanWilliamE.HoystoodfirstballoftheWorldMostpeopleFielddidrememberhadretired(退休)frombaseball58in1903.hebeenoutstandingplayerandthedeafpeopletalkandhisyearsinbaseball.WilliamE.HoyinHouckstownOhioonhewasyearsold.HeattendedtheOhioSchoolforthedeaf.Aftergraduationhestartedbaseballworkingasshoemaker.beganprofessionalbaseballin1886forOshkosh(Wisconsin)oftheNorthwesternLeague.In1888hestartedasanoutfielder(場(chǎng)手)withtheoldHissmallandhimanoutstandingrunner.Heveryatbases1888he82bases.theSenatorsleadinghitterin1888.Hoywascleverandhethrewright-handedandbattedOn19,1889threwoutthreebatters(擊球手)theplatehisoutfieldposition.TheusedbyjudgestodaytoballsofHoy.ThejudgeliftedhisthatthewasstrikeleftsignalitFormanyyearspeopletalkedaboutHoy’sballgamein1903.HewasplayingforLosofCoastLeague.ItamemorablegamebecauseHoyhitwonderfulwhichtheItwasaveryfoggyandthereforeveryseeninthinning(球的一局withmencatchflymakethethirdoutspiteoftheLosAngelesandwonthegame.AfterheHoystayedadairynearCincinnatiyears.Hebecamespeakerandtraveledgivingayearsdeathhetook4-10mileaDecember1961Hoyat99.1.InwhichorderdidfollowingthingshappeninHoy’slife?10a.Hoyshoemaker.adiaryfarm.HoytheheavyHoythefirstballofWorldHoybecamedeaf.eabecddacbD.eacWecanthelastparagraphinlateledrelaxedC.traveledtheworld

ingoodconditionis_______.adeafdevotedofbaseballandC.theinsocialofpeoplewherethejudgehandfromcanpassage?baseballplayerinSpeakingareinThejudgehadstudyhandveryHoy’sfamilyencouragedhimbecomeabaseballplayer.【答案解析】本文介紹了美國世紀(jì)初最杰出的棒球選手不凡的一生。B。節(jié)題。此題要求對(duì)事件發(fā)生的先后順序進(jìn)行排序?？捎檬孜捕ㄎ环ǎ凑业降谝粋€(gè)發(fā)生的事件(e.Hoybecamedeaf.)，再到最后一個(gè)發(fā)生的事件(d.HoythefirstoftheWorldSeries.)，故可排A、。進(jìn)行比較可知B最。D斷據(jù)fewyearsbeforedeathhetookwalksseveralmorningsaweek.，可見在他生命的最后月里，他的身體狀況很好。A。主旨題。縱觀全文可知。A。推斷題。根據(jù)stole82basesSenatorsleadinghitter…threwoutthreebattersmanagedcatchflymakethethirdoutinspiteofthefog.等細(xì)節(jié)，可以判斷Hoy是那個(gè)時(shí)代最杰出的棒球選手。二、故事類Mr.PeteragedbattledforhalftoescapefromhistrappedwhenitupsidedowninthreeofJohnsontheonlyescape—theboot(李)Mr.Johnson’scarfinishedinaditch(溝)atRomneyonicehittingabank.“Fortunately,thewaterbegantocomeinonlyslowly,”Johnsonsaid.“IcouldnforcethedoorsbecausetheywerethewallsopenthewindowsbecauseIknewwaterwouldcomefloodingin.”Mr.asalesmanofKent,firsttoattracttheofmotoriststhehornontheandboot.Thenhebeganhisescape.Laterhesaid,wasreallyhalfpennysavedmylife.ItwastheonlycoininmyandIittounscrewtheseatintotheIhammertryingtomakesomeonehear,butnoItminutestofurtherfivetosweetsamplestheboot.Mr.foundwrenchworkthebootFifteen11assedby.“Itwastheonlychancehad.Finallyitgave,butsoonasImovedthemudpouredin.Itheliddownandscrambledclearasthefilledup.Hishandsandarmsand擦),tohelookedafterbythefarmer’swife,Mrs.Bates.Huddledinblanket,said,“Thatthirtyminuteslikehours.Onlythetipsofthewheelswerevisible,policesaidlastnight.vehiclehadintotwofeetmudditch.isbesttitleforthisarticle?TheJohnson,ASalesmanCarBootCanAsTheDriverEscapesThroughCarBootDriverACarWhichofthefollowingobjectsistoMr.TheB.Thecoin.C.Thescrew.horn.Whichstatementistrueaccordingtopassage?Mr.Johnson’scaroodbootasitfelldown.Mr.couldnotescapefromitfullofjam.Mr.Johnson’scaraccidentwaspartlyduetotheslipperyroad.Mr.inpouringheunscrewedtheback4.“Finally”(Paragraph5)meansthat_______.LuckilytheinendB.AtlastbrokenC.TheallhiseffortsTheItmaybefromalongacountryroadB.theaccidenthappenedcleardayC.thepolicegetofhadtenderwifeandwellattended【答案與解析】本文記述了Johnson由車禍被困于水下車內(nèi)半個(gè)小時(shí)，最后死里逃生的故事。C題第段Mr.PeterJohnson…escapefromhistrappedcar…throughtheboot歸納出文章的標(biāo)題為答案。B題第段Mr.所的話及他后面所做的事情可推知此題答案為B。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第2段一skiddingoniceandhittingabank可知答案為C。詞句理解題。根據(jù)其上文…workonthelock及文soonasImovedthelid,mudpouredin可推知此題答案為。A。推斷題。根據(jù)第4段后一句but及后一段的第一句gotBeckettFarm可知地點(diǎn)是在寂靜的農(nóng)村，此題答案為A。三、新聞?lì)?000HumanGenome(基組Project,greatbillion,15-yeartaskaimedatthe遺傳)mapofhumans,isthanscientificandmedical團(tuán)體)areexcitedthechancesgeneticresearchprovidesridofdiseasesandprolonging(延長(zhǎng))humanBut政)makerscarefulaboutscientificdoortheyopeningtheuncoversthemysteriesoflife.12Foryears,inthedevelopingfieldof生技術(shù)haveprovidesmaterialforofwork,buttheofmodernscienceinthehuman密)worldpossibilitiesforhumanaswellforpopularWhileEuropeanandareindecoding(解碼)humanDNA,theleadingorganizationforresearchisintheUnitedwhichin1990,is“unlockingthe”ofthehumantolearnhowtodefeatfatal(命的diseases.Already,theHumanGenomehasbecomewidelyandforfindingthe基因)withdiseasesasyet(今)andmakingtowardseparatingtheabreastcancerorAIDS.thesegenesarefoundstudied,cannewtoinfections(染)andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesinterestedinmappinghumangenome,astheyexpectlotofnewfortheseWhydidtheworkhardathumanhumangenomecandestroymanyhumancompletioncanhelpridofmanydiseases.wantedtobeknownthanothers.humangenomecanalotchancesofWhichthemostintheworld?B.C.TheUnitedStates.D.Whichofthefollowingtrue?Ifgenescanbefound,scientistsstudymanynewwaystoillnesses.Thescientistshaveinconnectingthewithcancers.medicalcompaniesgreatinhumanTheUnitedStatesGenesearlyinsuggestsGenomeProjectcause_______.policymakersfeelverycarefulB.toC.findworkeasilyalottonewofarticleabout_______.geneticC.thegreathumanD.genesandthe【答案與解析繪人類基因組這意味著人類消滅癌癥、艾滋病的危害，延長(zhǎng)人類壽命將成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。B理題章最后一段第1句Oncefoundandstudied,waystoinfections(傳)and可看出科學(xué)家完成人類基因組圖的目的。C。細(xì)節(jié)題。因…theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchinUnited所答案選C。D題國是在年世紀(jì)末開始繪制人類基因組圖的選項(xiàng)D不。。斷題。從文章內(nèi)容可知，人類基因組圖的完成將有助于科學(xué)家們攻克一系列難關(guān)。所以，他們?cè)诟Φ靥骄?。A主旨題。綜合文章內(nèi)容，不難概括出本文主旨：解讀基因密碼。13四、科技類Withonly000pandasintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone(

克隆)thesavetheendangeredspecies(物種)ThatmovesimilartowhataA&MUniversityresearchersbeenundertakingthepastfiveinArk”.

projectcalledNoah’sArkisatcollectingeggs,胚胎semenofstoringtheminliquidIfcertainspeciesshouldbecomeDr.Kraemer,aprofessorinTexas&M’sCollegeMedicine,therewouldenoughofbasictoreintroducethespeciesintheItthatasmanyas000willbecomeextinctinThepanda,onlyisinbecomingextinctin25ThisChinesescientiststheyanbyintroducingcellsfromdeadpandaintotheeggcellsofaJapaneseTheytryingtoimplantthehostanimal.Theentireprocedurecouldfromfiveyears“Thenucleartransfer(核移)ofonespeciestonoteasy,lackofavailable(capableofbeingused)eggscouldamajorproblem,believes.willprobablyhavetohundredtransfersinonepregnancy(havingaItlongtimeand’sdifficult,butcouldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinglivepandasrisk,soitworththe”Kraemer,whooneoftheleadersofProjectatA&first-everattemptata“Theyaretryingdosomethingthat’sneverdone,thisisverysimilartoworkinNoah’sArk.’rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatfaceextinction.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthereawecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.’saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.1.aimof“NoahArk”projectis_______.makecloneendangeredB.savedyingoutC.collectDNAofanimalsD.transfernuclearoftoanotherAccordingthemajorincloningwouldthelackofavailableeggsB.animalsresearchersmoneybesttitleforthe_______.A.SuccessinPandasCloning

FirstintheWorldC.PossibilityD.ChinatheofPandasForevertheknowthat_______.succeededindogscientiststoimplantintoawillworkwithChinesescientistsinresearchesthousandofwillprobablydieincentury【答案與解析】本文講述中國正在竭力克隆瀕臨絕種的熊貓。B理題段容可知方”程的目標(biāo)是把瀕臨滅絕的動(dòng)物的(卵、胚胎液儲(chǔ)在液體氮中果某一動(dòng)物瀕臨滅絕時(shí)可以重現(xiàn)這一動(dòng)物。14A題段第1句Thenuclear核子移植anotheriseasy,availableofeggsbemajorproblem

可以做出正確判斷。C。主旨題。從文章內(nèi)容來看，無是中國還是世界克隆熊貓還沒有成功，所以排除A、B項(xiàng)D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容明顯與文章內(nèi)容符，故排除。所探克隆熊貓的可能”應(yīng)是這篇文章的標(biāo)題。D。判斷題。此題B項(xiàng)干擾性較強(qiáng)，但由于它沒有說明是Chinesescientists，以應(yīng)排除。AC項(xiàng)明顯與原不符。根據(jù)文章第3段句知答案非莫。五、文化類Aofculturealmostatraditiontheself-mademanmanwhohastopthroughhisusuallyworkinghishands.Whiletheleaderinbusinessorthecollegeapositionandcommandsrespectinthecommunitythanthecommonlaborereventheskilledfactoryworker,hetakepainstopointoutthatfatherinAmericaasfarmerorsort.This體的)isinmanyOneisinvitedtodinnerahomeisonlycomfortablybutluxuriously(豪地)inwhichthereiseveryofthethatthefamilyhasaffordexpensiveandforyetthehostessprobablywillherself,willitherselfwilldishesthedinnerwillnotconsistmerelyofsomethingquicklycontentsofvariousandaorboughtattheOnthehostesstakesprideincarefulpreparationofdishes.Aprofessionalmanwashingthedigginginflowerbeds,Hiswifeevenwiththings,hehelpswiththedishwashing.collegeonanddishesforliving,orworkwithaconstructiononahighwayintoforhiseducation.paragraphcaninAmerica_________.highopinionself-mademancanalwaystopthroughtheirwoneffortsprofessorsgreatrespectfromcommonfeelpainfultomentionfatherspassage,hostessdinnermainlybecauseinAmericanB.inC.canhardlyaffordservantsD.Itiseasyprepareawithcanned3.expression“ontablethesecondparagraph“_________”.workinfurnitureB.accountsforabarC.waittolaytableservecustomersinrestaurantWhichofthefollowingasbesttitleofthepassage?ARespectableFamilyAmericanAttitudetowardC.ofAmericanCultureTheofManualLabor【答案解析】本文介紹了崇尚自我奮斗，尊重體力勞動(dòng)的美國文化。A節(jié)題。根據(jù)AofAmericanalmosta15theself-mademade我們可以了解到，崇自我奮”是美國文化的點(diǎn)。B題attitude體的laborinmanyoflife.(美國生活的方方面面，尊重體力勞動(dòng)態(tài)度的現(xiàn)象仍然隨處可)可以推斷女主人親自下廚，是因?yàn)樗阅茏鲞@樣的體力活而自豪。D。義猜測(cè)題table意為服顧”，意其后的dishes也有一定的暗示意義，故答案為D。B。主旨題?？v觀全文，文章主要講了美國尚自我奮斗，尊重體力勞動(dòng)的文化習(xí)慣。故答案為B六、教育類oteacherstodistinguish(differ)willcontinuedoforchildrenthatonlydoforTeachingchildrentoisnotpassingItcertainlynothoursspentinactivitiesreading.Douglasinsists“readingcannottaughtdirectlyandschoolsshouldstoptryingtheimpossible”.learningaretwoprocesses.differkindThefunctionofteachingistoconditionsclimatethatwillmakeitpossibleforchildrentoplancleverlytheefficient(效的)systemforthemselvesalsoactivity:ItbeLearningreadallthateachdoestounderstandtheworldofprintedlanguage.allofitprivate,learningisanmind,thatisnotopenIfteacherandlearnerrolesnotinterchangeable,whatbeteachingwillaidinforSmithprincipleforallteachinginstructions.“Makelearningtoreadeasy,whichmeansmakingreadingameaningful,frequentexperienceforchildren.”therolesoflearnerseenwhatwhenteacherlearnerfulfillthemproperly,oftheandfeelingfailureforbothgotri