(國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù))

03February20231InternationalTrade

Practice國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)ByZhouMingzhi

周明智03February20232Self-introduction周明智Contact:1305904089@Mobile:1352347799803February20233Chapter1IntroductiontoInt’l

TradePractices1.1Whatisinternationaltrade?Exchangingof(Buyingorselling)goods,servicesortechnologyfromortoacustomerinanothercountryorarea.1.2Whydonationstrade?Differentnaturalresourcereservesbecauseofgeologicalorgeographicalreasons;Internationalspecialization,onecountryismoreefficientthantheother;Benefitseverycountry;03February20234

1.3

Characteristicsofint’ltrade:Comparedwithdomestictrade,int’ltradeis--Moredifficult&Competitionisevenmorefierce

:becauseofdifferentculture,language,laws,customs,moretradebarriers,hardtodomarketinvestigations,complicatednegotiationtactics;03February20235--Morecomplicated&moreprocedures:

differentcurrenciesandexchangerates,measurementunits,businesspractices,customsandtraderegulations,gothroughmoreprocedures,asshipmentandinsurance,etc.--Morerisky&unstable:more

risksinvolvedinint’ltradeas

credit,commercial,exchangerate,delivery,price,politicalrisksinadditiontolongertime,rapidchanges&widerrange;Morepartiesinvolved:shippingagency,inspection,insurance,customs,banks,embassies,CCPIT…Concerningforeignaffairs.03February202361.4

Whydowestudy?--Todobusinesswithforeigncountriesmoreeffectively;Topromotetheeconomicgrowthandimprovethelivingstandardof...(tolearntoearnbigmoneybothfor…Necessary?--Definitely!E.g:pleaseofferCIFprice,PaymentbyD/A,andinsurancetocoverWPA.How?Infact,thetalentsforint’ltradeareinsufficientseriouslyonthequantityandqualityinourcountry.03February202371.5.1Whatdowelearn?☆I(lǐng)nt’ltraderules,conventions,laws,practices;☆Chineseforeignlawsandregulations&practices;☆ContractclausesofImp.&exp.contractsandrelevantlaws&practices(mainlyforint’lsaleofgoods,why?);☆Mainproceduresinvolvedinimp.&exp.business;☆Tacticsonnegotiationwithcustomersbothfromhomeandabroad;

Tosumup,todobusinesswithforeignersandtoimproveourabilitytocommunicateinbusinessEnglish.03February20238

1.Domesticlaws:ThecontractlawofPRC.中華人民共和國合同法

ForeigntradelawofPRC對(duì)外貿(mào)易法04年4月修訂

Saleofgoodsact（英）貨物買賣法

1.5.2Laws,rules&conventionsapplicabletoint’ltrade2.Internationalrules&conventionsUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInt’lSaleofGoods---CISG<<聯(lián)合國國際貨物銷售合同公約>>HagueRules(1924)、VisbyRules(1968)、HamburgRules(1978)(海牙、維斯比、漢堡規(guī)則）提單UnitedNationsConventiononInt’lCargoMultimodalTransport<<聯(lián)合國國際貨物多式聯(lián)運(yùn)公約>>(1980年)03February202391.5.3Int’ltradepracticesIncoterms2010《國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則》UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit---UCP600《跟單信用證統(tǒng)一慣例》UniformRulesforcollection—URC522國際商會(huì)托收統(tǒng)一慣例

Someuniversallybindingcustomarypracticesorregulationsformedduringlongtermofint’ltradedevelopmentanddefinedandeditedbyint’lorganizations.03February2023101.5.4Functionsofint’ltradepractices

1.Simplifynegotiationprocedure&thusreducetimeandcostofnegotiationandinthiswaystimulateconclusionofcontract.2.Promotesettlementofdisputesanddiscrepanciesarisingfromint’lsalescontracts.3.Helpallparties,asthebanks,insuranceagencies,shippingforwarders,customs,involvedinint’ltradetoperformtheirbusinessandsolveproblems.03February202311

1.5.5Differencesbetweenint’ltreaty,practicesanddomesticlaw

Theyvariesindifferentcountries.Int’ltreatymaytakeeffectautomaticallyinsomecountries

onceit’sapprovedbythegovernmentofthatcountry,whileinothercountries,itwillhavetowaitforthelegislativeinstitution’sapprovaltobecomeeffective.

Int’lpracticesareofNGOandnoneedapprovalofacountry’sgovernment.Itbecomeseffectivewhenthepartiesconcernedagreetobesubjectivetoit.03February2023121.6ContentsChapter2CommodityanddescriptionChapter3

TradeTermsandpricingChapter4

InternationalCargoTransportChapter5

InternationalCargoTransportInsuranceChapter6InternationalPaymentsChapter7Inspection,Claims,arbitrationandForceMajeureChapter8

NegotiationandConclusionofContractChapter9ExecutionofE/IContract

Chapter10CustomsclearanceChapter11TradeFormsThese6chaptersconcerns/cclausesChapter1PrefaceExp/Imptransactionprocedures03February2023131.7Howtolearn?（teachingplan）Pre-classstudyandquestioninginclassattendancewillaccountfor10%offinalscore;Lectureanddiscussion;Homework&labpractice10%(copyingfounddisqualifiesthiscredit);FinalExam80%03February2023141.8DevelopmentofChina’sforeigntrade(USD100million)年份195019601970198019902000200520062007進(jìn)口額5.826.522.8199.45232251

6601.27916.19558.2出口額5.525.723.1180.1609249276209690.812180.2

進(jìn)出口總額11.352.245.9380.51132474314221.2

17606.9

21738.3年份08091011進(jìn)出口25616.322072.729727.636420.6出口14285.512016.615779.318986進(jìn)口11330.91005613948.317434.6增長(zhǎng)%17.2-11.234.722.52013年全國進(jìn)出口簡(jiǎn)要情況表

單位：億美元項(xiàng)目12月當(dāng)月1-12月累計(jì)絕對(duì)值同比%絕對(duì)值同比%進(jìn)出口3898.46.241603.37.6進(jìn)口1821.08.319502.97.3出口2077.44.322100.47.9差額256.4-17.32597.512.803February202316近兩年我國對(duì)外勞務(wù)合作業(yè)務(wù)統(tǒng)計(jì)2012年，我國外勞務(wù)人員51.2萬人，較去年增加6萬人，其中承包工程23.3萬人，勞務(wù)合作27.8萬人。年末在外勞務(wù)人員85萬人，較去年同期增加3.8萬人。截至2012年底，累計(jì)派出639萬人。2013年，我國對(duì)外勞務(wù)合作派出各類勞務(wù)人員52.7萬人，與去年同期增加1.5萬人，其中承包工程項(xiàng)下派出27.1萬人，勞務(wù)合作項(xiàng)下派出25.6萬人。年末在外各類勞務(wù)人員85.3萬人，較上年同期增加0.3萬人。03February2023181.9.3China’sGDPfrom2007to2013&comparisonwithothermajoreconomies2007年GDP26847.5億元，約為4萬億美元，增長(zhǎng)11.9%，超過德國，成為世界第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。2009約34萬億元，折合4.91萬億美元，增長(zhǎng)9%。日本GDP為5.07萬億美元。美國142587億美元。2010約39.79萬億元，約6.5萬元美元。：歐盟20.8；美國15.6；日本5.4萬億。2011年中國473104億，7.19萬億美元，美國15.924萬億，日本5.97萬億美元。2012，中國519332億元，83492.28億美元,美國162426.6億美元，日本60937.83億美元2013,568845億人民幣，約合9.3萬億美元。03February202319

1.9.6GDP&increasingratein2002-2012年07080910111213增速11.41097.603February2023201.9.7IncreasingrateofChina’sforeigntrade

200221.8%200337.1%200435.7%200523.2%200623.8%200723.5%200817.8%2009down13.9%2010up34.7%2011up22.52012

+6.220137.6comparingtheincreasingrateofGDPwiththatofforeigntrade?03February2023211.9.8Degreeofdependenceonforeigntrade貿(mào)易依存度=進(jìn)出口總額/GDP(BillionRMB)年份進(jìn)出口總額GDP外貿(mào)依存度19952322.715847.8139.720003922.468944.2243.920051422118308.463.6201029727.66500045.7201238667.683492.2846.3201341603.49300044.7303February2023222013年全球gdp排名排名國家名稱GDP總量

(十億美元)所在地區(qū)

1

美國16197.962

中國9038.66

3

日本5997.324

德國3373.335

法國2565.626

英國2532.057

巴西2503.878

印度2117.289

俄羅斯2109.0210

意大利1953.8203February202323

1.10QualificationExamsforInternationalBusinessDoers.國際商務(wù)助理及商務(wù)師執(zhí)業(yè)資格考試《國際商務(wù)理論與實(shí)務(wù)》、《國際商務(wù)專業(yè)知識(shí)》和《業(yè)務(wù)外語》3個(gè)科目。其中業(yè)務(wù)外語科目應(yīng)參加全國職稱外語等級(jí)考試中的B級(jí)考試。外銷員從業(yè)資格考試

《外經(jīng)貿(mào)綜合業(yè)務(wù)》和《外經(jīng)貿(mào)外語》2個(gè)科目，《外經(jīng)貿(mào)外語》考試分筆試和口語兩部分；外貿(mào)報(bào)檢報(bào)驗(yàn)員執(zhí)業(yè)資格考試03February202324

1.11Recommendedwebsiteshttp://商務(wù)部

http://

中國遠(yuǎn)洋運(yùn)輸集團(tuán)總公司

http://

中國國際貨運(yùn)代理協(xié)會(huì)

http://

中國貿(mào)促會(huì)/中國國際商會(huì)

http://

海關(guān)總署http://中國國家外匯管理局http://

阿里巴巴

http://WTOhttp://

國際商會(huì)

/training/doc/simtrade/03February2023251.12Recommendationofbooks進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)教程（第四版）上海人民出版社吳百福《國際貿(mào)易實(shí)務(wù)》對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào)大學(xué)冷柏軍InternationalTradePractices帥建林西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)出版03February2023261.13Summary&homeworkwhatareyougoingtodotoprepareyourselfforbeingaqualifiedinternational(trade)busyness-person?Keypoints:Whatisinternationaltradepracticeabout?Whatarewegoingtolearninthiscourse?Homeworkwillbecheckednexttime:1.printthisppt.forclassuseandformstudygroupsof3~5personseach.Groupnamelist.2.readchapter2&eachgroupwriteatleast3kindsofcommoditiesincludingname,quality,quantityandpackinginEnglish3.Prepare2ormorequestionsyouwanttodiscussinclass.03February202327Theendofchapterone

Thankyou!03February202328Chapter2TermsofCommodityContentsofthischapter

Section1NameofcommoditySection2QualityofcommoditySection3QuantityofcommoditySection4Packingofcommodity03February202329Section1NameofCommodity2.1.1.Definition--Akindoftitleorconceptionthatcandistinguishoneparticularcommodityfromothers.“品名”是指能使某種商品區(qū)別于其他商品的一種稱呼或概念。它在一定程度上體現(xiàn)了商品的自然屬性、用途以及主要的性能特征。明確商品的品名是交易進(jìn)行的前提。它是買賣雙方交收貨物時(shí)的一項(xiàng)基本依據(jù)。NameofCommodity:E.g.:ChineseGreenTea03February2023302.1.2TheimportanceofdescribingcommoditiesinacorrectwayinanS/CorP/C.

Ifthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerarenotinaccordancewiththeagreednameofcommodity,thebuyerreservestherighttorejectthegoodsorevencancelthecontractandlodgeaclaim.(CISG)

若賣方交付的貨物不符合合同規(guī)定的品名或說明，則買方有權(quán)拒收貨物，撤消合同并提出損害賠償。

03February2023312.1.3NamingMethodsNamingbyusage:LoomNamingbymaterials:GunnybagsNamingbycomposition:Namingbyappearance:greenbeans、flaresNamingbycommendatoryterm:Namingbyplace,historicperson,workmanship…PearlcreamClean&Clear03February2023322.1.4Howtodescribecommoditiescorrectlyinacontract.

Name&descriptionofgoods:LadiesHandbagLPD2162Brown/TanCCLOGO11"X5"X203February2023332.1.5

Somepointstobeconsideredundernameofcommodityclause

品名條款需要注意的問題：

1)Trytoadopttheinternationallyacceptedname,especiallyfornewproducts.E.g:‘dog-skinplaster’isnotaproperone.2)Thecustomsandcarriagetariffs--在不違反政策的前提下，從進(jìn)出口國海關(guān)商品分類名稱選擇有利于減納關(guān)稅或方便進(jìn)出口的品名；

--使用運(yùn)費(fèi)表中品名適于較底的運(yùn)費(fèi)率的名稱；3）Tobeinconformitywiththedescriptioninotherdocs&truetorealgoods.

與有關(guān)文件上對(duì)品名描述的以及實(shí)際貨物一致性。4)MakeitsimpleandeasyforexecutionofS/C.

凡做不到或不必要的描述性詞句，都不應(yīng)列入，以免給履行合同帶來困難。03February2023345)Andinmanycases,thedescriptionofthegoodswillincludeit’sstandard,grade,modal,specificationsetc.

實(shí)務(wù)中，通常把有關(guān)商品的具體品種、等級(jí)或型號(hào)的概括性描述，品質(zhì)規(guī)格包括進(jìn)去加以限定，從而把品名條款與品質(zhì)條款合而為一。6）InEnglish,otherlanguagesarerarelyused,especiallywhenL/Cpaymentisapplied.03February2023352.2QualityofCommodity2.2.1Quality

ofcommodity:Itrefersto

theouterappearanceandtheinnerfeaturesofthegoods:

--theshape,structure,color,size--theirchemicalcomposition--physicalandmechanicalperformance--biologicalfeatures,ortechnicalindexes

商品的質(zhì)量是外觀形態(tài)和內(nèi)在質(zhì)量的綜合。它直接影響商品的使用價(jià)值和價(jià)格，是決定商品使用效能和影響商品市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的重要因素。因此，國際市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的趨勢(shì)是高質(zhì)量而非單純的低價(jià)格。03February2023362.2.2RegulationsonqualityinCISGUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods,CISG《聯(lián)合國國際貨物合同公約》規(guī)定：

The

seller

must

deliver

goods

which

are

of

the

quantity,

quality

and

description

required

by

the

contract

and

which

are

contained

or

packaged

in

the

manner

required

by

the

contract.

賣方交貨必須符合約定的質(zhì)量，如賣方交貨不符約定的品質(zhì)條件，買方有權(quán)要求損害賠償，也可要求修理或交付替代貨物，甚至拒收貨物和撤消合同。

商品質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣不僅關(guān)系到買賣雙方的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益，而且還關(guān)系到商品信譽(yù)、企業(yè)信譽(yù)、國家形象和消費(fèi)者的利益.03February2023372.2.3int’lqualitycontrolstandards

ISO9000,14000,OHSAS18000

1987版ISO9001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)從自我保證的角度出發(fā)，更多關(guān)注的是企業(yè)內(nèi)部的質(zhì)量管理和質(zhì)量保證；1994版ISO9001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)則通過20個(gè)質(zhì)量管理體系要素，把用戶要求、法規(guī)要求及質(zhì)量保證的要求納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的范圍中：2000版ISO9001標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)思和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)目的等方面出現(xiàn)了具有時(shí)代氣息的變化，過程方法的概念、顧客需求的考慮、持續(xù)改進(jìn)的思想貫穿於整個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把組織的質(zhì)量管理體系滿足顧客要求的能力和程度體現(xiàn)在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的要求之中。2000年12月15日正式由國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織頒布實(shí)施ISO9000、ISO9001、ISO9004、ISO19011四項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)構(gòu)成新版ISO9000族標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的核心標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

03February202338ISO9001：2000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作為通用的質(zhì)量管理體系標(biāo)準(zhǔn)可適用於各類組織，不受組織類型、規(guī)模、經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)活動(dòng)領(lǐng)域或?qū)I(yè)范圍、提供產(chǎn)品種類的影響和限制。

1、任何組織的質(zhì)量管理體系應(yīng)考慮四個(gè)應(yīng)考慮四個(gè)重要組成部分：首先是管理職責(zé)，包括方針、目標(biāo)、管理承諾、職責(zé)與許可權(quán)、策劃、顧客需求、質(zhì)量管理體系和管理評(píng)審等項(xiàng)內(nèi)容；其次是資源管理，包括人力資源、資訊資源、設(shè)施設(shè)備和工作環(huán)境等項(xiàng)內(nèi)容；第三是過程管理，包括顧客需求轉(zhuǎn)換、設(shè)計(jì)、采購、產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)與服務(wù)提供等項(xiàng)內(nèi)容；第四是測(cè)量、分析與改進(jìn)，包括資訊測(cè)評(píng)、質(zhì)量管理體系內(nèi)審、產(chǎn)品監(jiān)測(cè)和測(cè)量、過程監(jiān)測(cè)和測(cè)量、不合格品控制、持續(xù)改進(jìn)、糾正和預(yù)防措施等。

2、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中使用的術(shù)語“產(chǎn)品“可以指有形的實(shí)物產(chǎn)品，也可以指”服務(wù)”。

3、主要目的是展現(xiàn)組織有能力持續(xù)提供滿足顧客需求和相關(guān)法律、法規(guī)要求的產(chǎn)品，能確保其通過有效運(yùn)行質(zhì)量管理體系增強(qiáng)顧客的信任。ISO14000與OHSAS18000ISO14000系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是為促進(jìn)全球環(huán)境質(zhì)量的改善而制定的一套環(huán)境管理的框架文件，目的是為了加強(qiáng)組織（公司、企業(yè)）的環(huán)境意識(shí)、管理能力和保障措施，從而達(dá)到改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量的目的。在我國采取第三方獨(dú)立認(rèn)證。OHSAS18000全名為OccupationalHealthandSafetyAssessmentSeries18000,是一國際性安全及衛(wèi)生管理系統(tǒng)驗(yàn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。是20世紀(jì)80年代后期在國際上興起的現(xiàn)代安全生產(chǎn)管理模式，它與ISO9000和ISO14000等標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體系一并被稱為“后工業(yè)化時(shí)代的管理方法”。職業(yè)健康安全管理體系產(chǎn)生的主要原因是企業(yè)自身發(fā)展的要求。隨著企業(yè)規(guī)模擴(kuò)大和生產(chǎn)集約化程度的提高，對(duì)企業(yè)的質(zhì)量管理和經(jīng)營模式提出了更高的要求。企業(yè)必須采用現(xiàn)代化的管理模式，使包括安全生產(chǎn)管理在內(nèi)的所有生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營活動(dòng)科學(xué)化、規(guī)范化和法制化。03February2023402.2.4Qualityrequirementforexp.goods出口商品應(yīng)堅(jiān)持“質(zhì)量第一”的原則和貫徹“以銷定產(chǎn)”的方針，并符合下列要求：

1.針對(duì)不同市場(chǎng)和不同消費(fèi)者的消費(fèi)水平、需求和消費(fèi)習(xí)慣來確定出口商品的品質(zhì)、規(guī)格、花色、式樣等商品質(zhì)量。

2.不斷更新?lián)Q代和精益求精，凡質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定或不過關(guān)的商品，不宜輕易出口，以免敗壞聲譽(yù)。

3.適應(yīng)進(jìn)口國的有關(guān)法令規(guī)定和要求。

4.適應(yīng)國外自然條件、季節(jié)變化和銷售方式以及商品在流通過程中的變化規(guī)律，以增強(qiáng)其競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。03February2023412.2.5MethodsofStipulatingQuality

Specification

GradeStandardBrandorTradeMark

OriginSample

seller’ssample(賣方樣品)

buyer’ssample

counter/return（復(fù)樣）

sampleSaleby

IllustrationRealgoodsDescriptionOrwithsamples03February202342(1)Salebyrealgoods看貨買賣：即先由買方或其代理人在賣方銷售地驗(yàn)看貨物，達(dá)成交易后，賣方即按驗(yàn)看過的商品交付貨物，且買方不得對(duì)品質(zhì)提出異議。多用于首飾、珠寶、字畫等商品。03February202343(2)SalebysamplesWhensendingsamplestothebuyer,thesellershouldkeepsomeoriginalsample原樣Useelasticclause（使用彈性條款）as“QualitytobeaboutequaltotheSample”ora“QualitytobesimilartotheSample”.(noteasilyacceptedbythebuyer)Whensalebybuyer’ssamples,thesellershouldmakeduplicatesamples(復(fù)樣)orcountersample(對(duì)等樣品)forthebuyer’sapprovalbeforeproduction.Sometimes,sealedsamplesareusedtoavoiddisputesuponthequalityofgoods.Clarifythebuyer’srightsintheS/C

oncethequalityofthegoodsshippedisnotinconformitywiththesample.03February202344(3)Salebyspecification

（憑規(guī)格買賣）--Salebyspecification：todescribegoodsinthes/cwithkeyindexesastheirchemical

composition,content,

purity,

performance,

capacity,

length,

thickness,

sizesetc.E.g.

Descriptionofgoods

NortheastChinabeansOilcontent:18%minMoisture:13%maxAdmixture:1%maxImperfectgrains:7%max03February202345Now,youdoit!PutthefollowingintoEnglish

貨物名稱：凍帶骨兔肉規(guī)格：特級(jí)：每只凈重不低于1500克；

大級(jí)：每只凈重不低于1000克；

中級(jí)：每只凈重不低于600克；

小級(jí)：每只凈重不低于400克。03February202346(4)SalebyGrade（憑等級(jí)買賣）E.g.:FreshEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeB:55-60gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmpereggGradeD:40-45gmperegg

GradeE:35-40gmperegg

--todescribeins/cgoodsofonecategorybutofdifferentqualitybyusingwords,figuresormarksrepresentingdifferentqualitygradesofgoods.Qualified?03February202347.Todescribegoodsins/cwithqualitystandardssetforthbygovernmentortradeunionorexchangesorsomecommercialinstitutionsororganizations.。suitableforagriculturalproduceofwhichthequalityvarieseasilyandforsomeindustrialgoods.(5)

SalebyStandard（憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣）03February202348ChineseTongOil,F.A.Q,F.F.A4%max中國桐油，大路貨，游離脂肪酸最高4%ChineseGroundnut,2004crop,F.A.Q.Moisture10%(max.)Oilcontent45%(min.)Admixture5%(max.)ImperfectGrains8%(max.)

(5)SalebyStandard

（憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣）

Foragriculturalproduce,F.A.Q.orG.M.Q.maybeusedtodefinethequality:1）F.A.Q.

2）G.M.Q.FairAverageQuality良好平均品質(zhì)GoodMerchantableQuality上好可銷品質(zhì)E.g.:03February202349GradeA00,A0foraluminum;Size:38/42/oz,40/50/ozforgroundnutkernels;Grades6A,5A,4A,3A,2A,A,B,C,D,E,F,Gforsilk;Standards:ISO,IEC(int’lelectriccommittee),BS(BritishStandard),ANSI(US),NF(FRANCE),DIN(Germany)JIS,JAS(Japan)(5)SalebyStandard（憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣）03February202350(5)SalebyStandard（憑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)買賣）

Somepopularstandards:

“中國強(qiáng)制認(rèn)證”，“ChinaCompulsoryCertification”，縮寫“CCC”。

En,E-mark(EconomicCommissionofEurope,ECE歐洲經(jīng)濟(jì)委員會(huì))包括28個(gè)國家

GS德語Geprufte

Sicherheit(安全性已認(rèn)證)Germany

SafetyFCCFederal

Communications

Commission美聯(lián)邦通信委員會(huì)

CSA加拿大標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Canadian

Standards

Association

VDE德國國家產(chǎn)品標(biāo)志

UL保險(xiǎn)商試驗(yàn)（Underwriter

Laboratories

Inc.）

03February202351SalebyBrandorTrademark

憑商標(biāo)或品牌買賣

todescribegoodsins/cbyusingtheirtrademarkorbrandname,as

MalingBrandWorcesersireSauce梅林牌辣醬油,

QimenBlacktea,crocodile,sprit,Nike,Addidas.Cocacola

03February202352(7)

Salebynameoforigin,orbygeographicalindication憑產(chǎn)地名稱或地理標(biāo)志買賣E.g.Zhongmougarlic

ChangbaishanGinseng

MinquangrapewineShandongChineseonionNote:theyarenameofcommodityandalsorepresentqualitytosomeextend.

03February202353(8)Salebydescriptionandillustration

（憑說明書或圖樣買賣）

Forsomemachinery,electricappliances,instrument,heavyequipment,transportationvehicles,theyaresocomplicatedthatonlythename,brand,modelarenotenoughtospecifytheirquality,so,illustrationsofvariouskindsareusuallyusedtodescribetheirqualityins/c.03February2023542.2.4Qualitylatitudeclause&qualitytolerance品質(zhì)機(jī)動(dòng)幅度條款與品質(zhì)公差Qualitylatitudeclause(品質(zhì)機(jī)動(dòng)幅度)：

---Thequalityofthegoodsisacceptablewithinacertainrange.--即質(zhì)量指標(biāo)在一定幅度內(nèi)可以機(jī)動(dòng)。具體方法有規(guī)定范圍、極限和上下差異三種。03February2023552.2.5TermsofQualityinacontractB601TomatoPaste28/30ConcentrationGreyDuck’sdown,content18%(1%moreorless)

E.g.:Qualityofgoodsmustbeclearlydescribedinans/c.Asdifferentgoodshavedifferentquality,wehavedifferentwaystoexpresstheirdifferentquality.Stipulatingarange（范圍）Yarn-dyedGingham(色織條格布)Width41/42"LiveYellowEel(活黃鱔)75gandupperpiece03February202356(2)Stipulatinga‘MAX.’or‘MIN.’FishMealProtein55%Min.Fat9%Max.Moisture11%Max.Salt4%Max.Note:mostlyforprimaryproductsE.g.:03February202357UsingQualityToleranceClause

品質(zhì)公差Qualitytolerance(質(zhì)量公差)：

thequalitydifferencecommonlyacceptedorrecognizedbythesameindustryintheinternationalmarket.是指允許交付貨物的特定質(zhì)量指標(biāo)有在公認(rèn)的一定范圍內(nèi)的差異。--Industrialmanufacturedgoods:Machinery,instrumentorequipment

03February202358Note

Forgoodssold/boughtbyweight,moreorlessshipmentisusuallyallowed,whichwillbestipulatedins/cas“Amountofcreditandquantityofmerchandise(5%)moreorlessacceptable.”

信用證的金額及貨物的數(shù)量均可允許5%增減。03February2023592.3QuantityofGoodsGenerals:Quantity（數(shù)量）--Theweight,numbers,length,volume,area,andcapacityofgoods,whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.

Article52ofCISGstipulates:

“Ifthesellerdeliversaquantityofgoodsgreaterthanthatprovidedforinthecontract,thebuyermaytakedeliveryofthegoodsorrefusetotakedeliveryoftheexcessquantity.Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.”

03February2023602.3.1Systems&unitsofMeasurementMetricsystem,U.Ssystem,Britishsystem,Int’lsystemofunit,weuseInt’lsystemofunit.Units:mt/MT/M/T,kg,gram,lb,l.,gal,s/t,l/t,pc,doz,oz,carton(CTN),case,drum,barrel,bale,yd,ft(20’),inch(10”),《中華人民共和國計(jì)量法》第3條規(guī)定：“國家采用國際單位制。國際單位制計(jì)量單位和國家選定的其他計(jì)量單位為國家法定計(jì)量單位。”03February2023612.3.1UnitsofMeasurementNumbers:Length:Area:Volume:Capacity:Piece/pc,

Dozen/doz,

drum,carton/ctnmeteryardfoot1m=1.094yd=3.281ft

m2yd2ft2m3yd3ft3

litergallonbushelWeight:kg.metricton

long/shortton1MT=1000kgs1LT=1016kgs1ST=907.2kgs03February2023622.3.2Calculationofweight

GrossWeight,GW(毛重)ConditionedWeight(公量)

TheoreticalWeight（理論重量）NetWeight,NT(凈重),NNT03February202363ByGrossWeight(毛重)USD300perMT,grossfornet每公噸300美元，以毛作凈ByNetWeight(凈重)grossweight–tare=netweightByactualtare（皮重）ByaveragetareBycustomarytareBycomputed(雙方約定）tare03February202364公量=商品的干凈重×(1+公定回潮率)=實(shí)際重量（1+公定回潮率）

1+實(shí)際回潮率High-valuedgoods:wool,rawsilkUnsteadymoisturecontentFormula:--Throughscientificmethodstoremovethemoisturecontentofthecommoditythenaddstandardizedmoisture.ByConditionedWeight(公量)03February202365公量的計(jì)算：<Exercise>某廠出口生絲10公噸，雙方約定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)回潮率是11%，用科學(xué)儀器抽出水分后，生絲凈剩8公噸。某廠出口生絲的公量是？公量=干量+標(biāo)準(zhǔn)含水量

=8+8*11%=8.88（公噸）03February202366MoreorLessclause（溢短裝條款）QuantityLatitude4.TermsofQuantityinacontract(M)大同鍋爐用煤，500公噸，5%溢短裝，由賣方選擇,溢短量?jī)r(jià)值以合同價(jià)計(jì)。E.g.:

DatongSteamCoal,500MetricTons,5%moreorlessattheseller’soption,valueoftheexcessorshortagequantitytobecalculatedatthecontractprice.

03February202367Whichpartyhastheoptiontoloadmoreorless?①atseller’soption②atbuyer’soption③atcarrier’soption/atship’soption03February202368ImportantArticle39-aofUCP600stipulates:Thewords“about,”“approximately,”“circa”orsimilarexpressionsusedinconnectionwiththeamountoftheCreditorthequantityortheunitpricestatedintheCreditaretobeconstruedasallowingadifferencenottoexceed10%moreorlessthantheamountorthequantityortheunitpricetowhichtheyrefer.（L/C對(duì)金額、數(shù)量及單價(jià)使用“about,”“approximately,”“circa”或類似詞匯將被理解為允許10%以內(nèi)的浮動(dòng)。03February202369Article39-bofUCP600stipulates:“UnlessaCreditstipulatesthatthequantityofthegoodsspecifiedmustnotbeexceededorreduced,atoleranceof5%moreor5%lesswillbepermissible,alwaysprovidedthattheamountofthedrawingsdoesnotexceedtheamountoftheCredit.ThistolerancedoesnotapplywhentheCreditstipulatesthequantityintermsofastatednumberofpackingunitsorindividualitems.”Important03February202370Translation

1)F.A.Q.2)Salebyseller’ssample3)Moreorlessclause4)Countersample5)Qualitylatitude6)Quantitytolerance

03February2023711.凡是能夠用一種方法表示品質(zhì)的，一般不要采用兩種或兩種以上的方法來表示。（t）2.按重量計(jì)量是目前國際貿(mào)易中使用最多的一種計(jì)量方法。（t）

3.如果合同中未明確規(guī)定按毛重還是凈重計(jì)價(jià)，根據(jù)慣例，應(yīng)按毛重計(jì)價(jià)。（凈重）

TrueorFalse4.賣方所交貨物如果多于合同規(guī)定的數(shù)量，按CISG的規(guī)定，買方可以收取也可以拒收全部多交貨物。按saleofgoodsact(uk)（）買方可以收取也可以拒收全部貨物。03February202372SingleChoice2.我方以每箱100美元ＣＩＦ紐約價(jià)出口貨物100箱，實(shí)際交貨105箱，我方應(yīng)收款（）。

Ａ）10,000美元

Ｂ）10,500美元

C）9,500美元

D)雙方再協(xié)議1.品質(zhì)公差條款一般用于（A）。

Ａ）制成品交易

B）初級(jí)產(chǎn)品交易

C）紡織品交易

D）谷物類產(chǎn)品交易03February202373SingleChoice3.在國際貿(mào)易中，對(duì)生絲、羊毛、棉花等有較強(qiáng)的吸濕性商品其計(jì)重方法通常為（）。

Ａ）毛重

B）凈重

C）公量

D）理論重量4.賣方根據(jù)買方提供的樣品加工復(fù)制出一個(gè)類似的樣品提供買方確認(rèn)，經(jīng)確認(rèn)的樣品叫（B）。

A）復(fù)樣

B）回樣

C）參考樣品

D）賣方樣品注：復(fù)樣也稱留樣是指向買方送交樣品時(shí)，賣方應(yīng)留存的一份或數(shù)份同樣的樣品。也指復(fù)樣指在客戶提出意見后修改后的樣品。原樣：客戶提供的樣品。對(duì)等樣品：賣方提供給客戶確認(rèn)的樣品。03February2023742.4PackingofCommodity2.4.1TypesofPacking1)OuterPacking/TransportPacking2)InnerPacking

/SellingPacking3)Nudepacking03February2023751)Outer/transportPacking(1)Functionsofouterpacking:--Outerpacking,toprotectthegoods,tofacilitateloading,unloadingandstowage,costsaving.運(yùn)輸包裝03February202376(2)Typesofouter/transportPackingPallet,crates/Skeleton,casescontainers20’TEU40’03February202377運(yùn)輸包裝(2)Typesofouter/transportPacking(F)Case(箱)Bale(包):

bundlebale

Bag(袋):Drum(桶):gunnybag,clothbag,plasticbag,paperbagOthers:bottle,can,basket,jar;container,palletirondrum,

woodencask,plasticcask,barrelwoodencase,carton,crate,corrugated03February202378(3)MarkingofTransportPacking運(yùn)輸包裝ShippingMark（運(yùn)輸標(biāo)志/嘜頭）IndicativeMark

（指示性標(biāo)志）WarningMark

（警告性標(biāo)志）--Diagrams,wordsorfiguresthatarewritten,printedorbrushedontheoutsideoftheshippingpackages.03February202379運(yùn)輸包裝(3.1)ShippingMark（嘜頭的構(gòu)成）①

ABCCO②SC9750③

LONDON④NO.1/5000Nameofconsignee(initials)ReferenceNumberPortorPlaceofDestination

Numberof&TotalPackages03February202380(3.2)IndicativeMark（指示性標(biāo)志）運(yùn)輸包裝HandlewithcareUsenohookNoturningoverTobeprotectedfromcoldThissideupKeepdryKeepawayfromheatFragile03February202381(3.3)WarningMark（警告性標(biāo)志）運(yùn)輸包裝--Explosive,poisonous,inflammable,radioactive,corrosives,

oxidizinggoods03February202382中性包裝和定牌生產(chǎn)NeutralPacking（中性包裝）(4)Specifiedbrand/Non-brand/NeutralPacking--Thecountryoforiginoftheproductisnotshownontheinnerandouterpackages.商品的內(nèi)外包裝上無生產(chǎn)國別NeutralpackingwithSpecifiedbrand定牌中性Neutralpackingwithoutbrand無牌中性Specifiedbrand:定牌usebuyernominatedtrademarkorbrandoncommodityorpacking.Non-brand:無牌Notrademarkorbrandnameshowneitheroncommodityorpacking03February2023833.TermsofPackinginaContract--Packingmaterial,method,dimension,unitweight,costandshippingmarkareusuallyincludedinthecontractprice.E.g.Packing:Eachpieceinapoly-bag,halfdozentoaboxand10dozentoacarton.Packingcostsareincludedintheunitprice.Goodsaretobemarkedwithourinitialsinadiamondtogethe