闡釋學派翻譯課件20161013

TheHermeneuticMotionLOGO

Presenter：Daphne

Oct.13th,20161GeorgeSteiner

IntroductionofHermeneuticsHermeneuticTranslation

Contents123HermeneuticsFourfoldHermeneuticMotion21IntroductionofHermeneutics123

Definition

EtymologyDevelopment3Definition1.14PPT模板：/moban/PPT素材：/sucai/PPT背景：/beijing/PPT圖表：/tubiao/PPT下載：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/資料下載：/ziliao/范文下載：/fanwen/試卷下載：/shiti/教案下載：/jiaoan/PPT論壇：PPT課件：/kejian/語文課件：/kejian/yuwen/數(shù)學課件：/kejian/shuxue/英語課件：/kejian/yingyu/美術課件：/kejian/meishu/科學課件：/kejian/kexue/物理課件：/kejian/wuli/化學課件：/kejian/huaxue/生物課件：/kejian/shengwu/地理課件：/kejian/dili/歷史課件：/kejian/lishi/1.1Definition

Hermeneutics5ISthetheoryand

methodology

ofinterpretation,

especiallytheinterpretationof

biblicaltexts,

wisdomliterature,and

philosophicaltexts.Itstartedoutasatheoryoftextinterpretationbuthasbeenlaterbroadenedtoquestionsofgeneralinterpretation.關于文本解釋的理論，尤其是解釋《圣經(jīng)》等宗教經(jīng)文、經(jīng)書典籍、哲學文獻。Etymology1.26PPT模板：/moban/PPT素材：/sucai/PPT背景：/beijing/PPT圖表：/tubiao/PPT下載：/xiazai/PPT教程：/powerpoint/資料下載：/ziliao/范文下載：/fanwen/試卷下載：/shiti/教案下載：/jiaoan/PPT論壇：PPT課件：/kejian/語文課件：/kejian/yuwen/數(shù)學課件：/kejian/shuxue/英語課件：/kejian/yingyu/美術課件：/kejian/meishu/科學課件：/kejian/kexue/物理課件：/kejian/wuli/化學課件：/kejian/huaxue/生物課件：/kejian/shengwu/地理課件：/kejian/dili/歷史課件：/kejian/lishi/1.2Etymology

Hermes赫耳墨斯7Folketymology

placesitsoriginwith

Hermes,themythologicalGreek

deity

whowasthemessengerofthegods.Besidesbeingamediatorbetweenthegodsandmen,heledsoulstothe

underworld

upondeath.Development1.381.3Development

9Ancientandmedievalhermeneutics古典闡釋學時期古希臘時期的闡釋學主要用于邏輯學和辯論術，以及一些宗教、文學經(jīng)典著作的解釋，其目的不外乎消除文本的歧義和誤解；中世紀，闡釋學成為《圣經(jīng)》研究的一個分支；文藝復興和宗教改革時期，闡釋學的研究領域擴大到對整個古代文化經(jīng)典的闡釋。（謝天振，2008）1.3Development

10

Modernhermeneutics現(xiàn)代闡釋學時期FriedrichSchleiermacherdistinguishedbetweengrammaticalinterpretation（語法闡釋）andpsychologicalinterpretation（心理闡釋）andputforwardthegeneralHermeneutics（普通闡釋學）.WilhelmDilthey

broadenedhermeneuticsevenmorebyrelatinginterpretationtohistoricalobjectification.Understandingmovesfromtheoutermanifestationsofhumanactionandproductivitytotheexplorationoftheirinnermeaning.這兩個時期的闡釋學都在方法論和認識論的架構下發(fā)展，都把重建文本和作者愿意作為最高目標。這一時期的闡釋學基本上還是一種作為方法論和認識論的客觀主義的解釋學。1.3Development

11MartinHeidegger海德格爾&Hans-GeorgGadamer伽達默爾使闡釋學實現(xiàn)了從認識論到本體論的轉變。不是把理解視作人的認識方式，而是把他視作人的存在方式。指出理解不僅受制于主觀性還受制于“前理解”，理解不是去把握一個不變的事實，而是去理解和接近人存在的潛在性和可能性，使得闡釋學從一般精神科學的方法論轉變成一種哲學。伽達默爾巨著《真理與方法》(WahrheitundMethode)把闡釋學現(xiàn)象看做是人類的普遍經(jīng)驗，確立了闡釋學作為一種以理解為核心的哲學的統(tǒng)治地位。HermeneuticTranslation2122HermeneuticTranslation13Schleiermacher斯萊爾馬赫RecognizedasthefounderofmodernProtestanttheologyandofmodernhermeneutics.In1813hewroteahighlyinfluentialtreatiseontranslation,“uberdieverschiedenenMethodendesUbersetzens(onthedifferentmethodsoftranslating)”.Hemovesbeyondtheissueofword-for-wordandsense-for-sense,literal,faithfulandfreetranslation,andconsiderstheretobeonlytwopathsopenforthetruetranslator(Munday,2008:28)：2HermeneuticTranslation14

GeorgeSteiner喬治斯坦納AfterBabel:AspectsofLanguageandTranslation

《通天塔之后：語言與翻譯面面觀》AntoineBerman安托瓦納貝爾曼

TranslationandtheTrialsoftheForeign《翻譯及對異的考驗》3FourfoldHermeneuticMotion1243LifeCareer

ContributionFurtherThinking15FourfoldMotionLifeCareer3.1163.1LifeCareer17GeorgeSteinerwasbornin1929in

Paris,to

VienneseJewish

parents.HeisaninfluentialEuropean-bornAmericanliterarycritic,essayist,philosopher,novelist,translator,andeducator.Hehaswrittenextensivelyabouttherelationshipbetweenlanguage,literatureandsociety,andtheimpactofTheHolocaust（大屠殺）.

Steinergrewupwiththree

mothertongues:German,English,andFrench;hismotherwas

multilingual

andwouldoften"beginasentenceinonelanguageandenditinanother."

Whenhewassixyearsold,hisfather,whobelievedinagood

classicaleducation,taughthimtoreadthe

Iliad,

Homer's

epicpoem,intheoriginal

Greek.3.1LifeCareer18GeorgeSteiner'scareerspanshalfacenturyandhehaspublishedground-breakingessaysandbooksthataddresstheanomaliesofcontemporaryWesternculture,issuesoflanguageandits“debasement”inthepost-Holocaustage.Hisfieldisprimarilycomparativeliteratureandhisworkasacritichastendedtowardexploringculturalandphilosophicalissues,particularlydealingwithtranslationandthenatureoflanguageandliterature./wiki/George_SteinerFourfoldMotion3.2193.2FourfoldMotion20TRUST信任Weventurealeap:wegrantabinitiothatthereis“somethingthere”tobeunderstood,thatthetransferwillnotbevoid.Allunderstanding,andthedemonstrativestatementofunderstandingwhichistranslation,startswithanactoftrust.冒險相信原文本言之有物，翻譯不是空洞無用的行為。所有的理解都始于信任。3.2FourfoldMotion21TRUST信任Itisbetrayed,trivially,bynonsense,bythediscoverythat“thereisnothingthere”toelicitandtranslate.譯者發(fā)現(xiàn)文中出現(xiàn)胡言亂語或空洞無物，信賴就會動搖。Concomitantlyheleaveshimselfvulnerable,thoughonlyinextremityandatthetheoreticaledge,totwodialecticallyrelated,mutuallydeterminedmetaphysicalrisks.值得信賴或是空無一物總是辯證相關相互制約的，總會將譯者置于易受責難的境地，盡管多是理論上，僅出現(xiàn)在極端情況下的。3.2FourfoldMotion22Aggression侵入TherelevantanalysisisthatofHeideggerwhenhefocusesourattentiononunderstandingasanact,ontheaccess,inherentlyappropriativeandthereforeviolent.侵入即具有攻擊性，理解的途徑與生俱來具有挪用性，因此是暴力的。ItisHeidegger’scontributiontohaveshownthatunderstanding,recognition,interpretationareacompacted,unavoidablemodeofattack.海德格爾的貢獻在于指出理解、認知、闡釋是一個緊密結合、不可避免的侵襲模式。3.2FourfoldMotion23Aggression侵入Certaintextsorgenreshavebeenexhaustedbytranslation.Farmoreinterestingly,othershavebeennegatedbytransfiguration,byanactofappropriativepenetrationandtransferinexcessoftheoriginal,moreordered,moreaestheticallypleasing.入侵也非絕對，例如某些文本由于變形、轉換和挪用性的滲透，自身遭到否定，由此超過原文，變得賞心悅目，而不去觸碰原文。3.2FourfoldMotion

24Incorporation吸收Theimport,ofmeaningandofform,theembodiment,isnotmadeinorintoavacuum.Thereareinnumerableshadingsofassimilationandplacementofthenewly-acquired,rangingfromacompletedomestication,anat-homenessatthecoreofthekindwhichculturalhistoryascribesto.吸收就是對原文的意義和形式進行引進和吸納，譯本要對許許多多的成分進行同化，并對新接納的因素進行安置，有的已經(jīng)完全歸化，進入本土文化的核心，有的卻處于異化和邊緣化的位置。3.2FourfoldMotion

25Incorporation吸收Therecanbecontagionsoffacilitytriggeredbytheantiqueorforeignimport.Afteratime,thenativeorganismwillreact,endeavouringtoneutralizeorexpeltheforeignbody.對異域文化的引入會容易引發(fā)本土文化的感染。一段時間之后，本土體內機制便會起反作用，竭力中和或排斥異物。3.2FourfoldMotion

26Incorporation吸收Actsoftranslationaddtoourmeans;wecometoincarnatealternativeenergiesandresourcesoffeeling.Butwemaybemasteredandmadelamebywhatwehaveimported.Writershaveceasedfromtranslation,sometimestoolate,becausetheinhaledvoiceoftheforeigntexthadcometochoketheirown.我們通過翻譯汲取別處的力量和情感資源，同時我們也可能被自己引進的事物所掌控。作家會因翻譯而感到窒息，從異域文本中吸入的聲音會把自己的聲音堵住，有時意識到，但為時已晚。3.2FourfoldMotion

27

Restitution補償Thea-prioristicmovementoftrustputsusoffbalance.We“l(fā)eantowards”theconfrontingtext(trust).Weencircleandinvadecognitively(aggression).Wecomehomeladen,thusagainoffbalance,havingcauseddisequilibriumthroughoutthesystembytakingawayfrom“theother”andbyadding,thoughpossiblywithambiguousconsequence,toourown(incorporation).Thesystemisnowoff-tilt(offbalance).闡釋的前三個步驟都有不平衡性，要么加入太多，要么省略太多，真正的闡釋需要在原文與譯文中斡旋，找回平衡。

3.2FourfoldMotion

28

Restitution補償Therehasbeenanoutflowofenergyfromthesourceandaninflowintothereceptoralteringbothandalteringtheharmonicsofthewholesystem.Genuinetranslationwill,therefore,seektoequalize,thoughthemediatingstepsmaybelengthyandoblique.能量從原文流出，同時流入接受者，不僅對兩者都有改變，還改變了整個系統(tǒng)的和諧。盡管在原文與譯文之間斡旋的過程可能繁瑣冗長，但真正的翻譯總是尋求均等補償。(Venuti,200)

Contribution3.3293.3Contribution

30TheHermeneuticMotionasafourfoldmotion

willallowustoovercomethesteriletriadicmodel

ofliteralism,paraphraseandfreeimitationwhichturnsouttobewhollycontingentandhasnoprecis