被動語態(tài),主謂一致課件

語法GRAMMAR

Parisisvisitedbymorethaneightmilliontouristseveryyear.TheSagradaFamiliawasdesignedbyanarchitectcalledAntonioGaudi.Florence’smostbeautifulpaintingsandsculptureswereproducedbygreatartists.Athensisknownasthebirthplaceofwesterncivilisation.TheParthenonwasbuiltduringthisperiod.(1)PASSIVEVOICEGRAMMAR(1)PASSIVEVOICE

AboutamilliontouristsvisitFlorenceeveryyear.TenmillionpeoplevisitedLondonlastyear.LeonardodaVincipaintedtheMonaLisa.Picassodidn’tpainttheMonaLisa.ThousandsofworkersbuilttheGreatWallofChina.

Makethefollowingsentencespassive.GRAMMAR

(1)PASSIVEVOICEFlorenceisvisitedbyamilliontouristseveryyear.Londonwasvisitedbytenmillionpeoplelastyear.TheMonaLisawaspaintedbyLeonardodaVinci.TheMonaLisawasnotpaintedbyPicasso.

TheGreatWallwasbuiltbythousandsofworkers.PassiveVoiceMoudleone語態(tài)(Voice)是動詞的一種形式，它表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關系。語態(tài)通常分為主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)(PassiveVoice)表示句子的主語是動作的承受者。其句子的謂語動詞是：be+v-ed形式。動詞的被動語態(tài)由于語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式，它只表示句子的主語和謂語動詞之間的關系，它沒有表示動作發(fā)生的時間和方式，因此，被動語態(tài)形式的句子，仍然有各種時態(tài)變化。由于構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的行為動詞變成了動詞-ed形式，所

以，被動語態(tài)句子的時態(tài)都要體現(xiàn)在助動詞be上。1．被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成be+v-ed1）一般現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+v-edYou'rewantedonthetelephone.

有人給你打電話。2）一般過去時was/were+v-edThebookwasfinishedlastweek.

這書是上周寫完的。3）一般將來時willbe+v-edYou'llbeallowedtogoouttomorrow.

明天讓你出去。4）現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時

①

Thebuildingisbeingbuilt.

這幢樓正在建設之中。②Thebikeswerebeingrepaired.

那時正在修自行車。5）現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時①Thisbookhasbeentranslatedinto

English.這本書已被譯成英語。②Thecarhadbeenrepaired.

這時汽車已修完了。2．被動語態(tài)的用法1)

我們不知道或沒有必要說明動作的執(zhí)

行者是誰(這時都不帶由by引起的短語)。

Thebookiswrittenforteachers.

這種書是為教師寫的。2)

動作的承受者是談話的中心(這時可帶

由by引起的短語)。

Theshopisrunbyayoungman.

這家商店是由一個年輕人經(jīng)營的。3．學習、使用被動語態(tài)應注意下面幾點1)

短語動詞的被動語態(tài)，要保持短語動詞的完整性，動詞后面的介詞或副詞切記不可遺漏。Thesebooksmustbetaken

goodcare

of.

這些書必須好好保管。Thechildrenwerewelllookedafter.

孩子們受到了良好的護理。2)帶雙賓語的動詞的被動語態(tài)：

(give,send,take,bring,teach,tell,offer,

sing,buy,promise,make,write,ask,

lend,show,pay等)將其中一個賓語變成主

語，另一個賓語作為保留賓語，或變?yōu)榻樵~

賓語，作狀語。Wegavehim

somepicture-books.→Hewasgivensomepicture-books.→Somepicture-booksweregiventohim.

我們給他一些圖畫書。3)有些動詞主動語態(tài)形式表示被動語態(tài)如：sell,wash,wear,等。Thebooksellswell.

這本書暢銷。Silkwearswell.

絲耐穿。Thisclothwasheswell.

這種布料耐洗。4)

不及物動詞（短語）沒有被動語態(tài)如：happen,takeplace等。5）感官動詞不用被動語態(tài)如feel,taste,smell

等。4.Practice:1．—“TownHallisthetallestbuilding

inthecity.”

—“______fromhere?”A.Canitsee B.CanitbeseenC.Canbeseenit D.Cansee答案B。TownHall(市政廳)應當是被看

見，所以應在B和C中選擇。又因這是一個

問句，故選B。2．—“Theceremonyhasalready

started.”—“Look!Theflagis______now.”A．beingraised

B．risenC．beingrose

D．raising答案A。risevi.升起，不能有被動形式，

故B,C不能選用。raisevt.舉起，升起。

后要接賓語，故D不適用。beingraised

正在被升起，正符合題意。3．Thecrime______

millions,becausethespeechwason

television.A.wasseenby B.wassawbyC.seenby

D.wasseenfor答案A。根據(jù)題意：

犯罪行為被數(shù)百萬人所看見，故選A。4.Thethingstalkedaboutinthisreport

______overa

yearago.

A.hadtakenplace

B.tookplaceC.havetakenplace

D.weretakenplace答案B。takeplace,occur,happen發(fā)生，均為不及物動詞詞組，沒有被動語態(tài)。5．Theanti-JapaneseWar______

in

1937andit______

eightyears.A．wasbrokenout;lastedB．brokeout;lastedC．breakout;lastsD．brokeout;waslasted答案B。breakout,last均為不及物動詞

（短語），沒有被動語態(tài)。6．Comeandsitdownbythefire.

Yourhand______.A．feelssocold

B．isfeltsocoldlyC．feelssocoldly

D．feelsocold答案A。feel（摸起來有……的感覺）seem,

sound,look等作為系動詞使用，系表結(jié)構(gòu)沒

有被動語態(tài)。7．Ineedonemorestampbeforemy

collection

______.('94)A．hascompleted

B．completesC．hasbeencompleted

D．iscompleted我所集的郵票還差一張才能成整套。答案D。before引導的時間狀語從句中

用現(xiàn)在時表示將來，而collection與

complete之間為被動關系。8．Insomepartsoftheworld,tea

______withmilkandsugar.('93)A．isserving

B．isservedC．serves

D．served在世界上一些地區(qū)，人們飲茶時都加牛奶

和蔗糖。答案B。本題敘述的是一般的情況，常

用一般現(xiàn)在時，答案可在B和C中選

擇。serve意思是“供給”或

“送上”，

此處應用被動語態(tài)。9．He'llbeanastronautbythetimehe

______thirty.('93)A．is

B．hadbeenC．willbe

D．isgoingtobe到他三十歲時，他就會成為一名宇航員。答案A。主句中用的是一般將來時，

bythe

time引導時間狀語從句中用現(xiàn)

在時態(tài)表示將來。GRAMMAR

Myfamily

livesinCardiff.

Oursoccerteam

isfantastic.

Thewholeclass

ishere.

NeitherAmynorHelen

isEnglish.

Noneofthem

hasarrivedyet.

Eachofthem

hasacapitalcity.

Neitherofthem

isEnglish.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENTGRAMMAR

Thepolice

aresearchingforhim.

Somesheepareoverthere.

Fiveminutes

isenoughtodothisexercise.

Morethanonestudent

hasseenthisfilm.

Manyaship

hasbeendamagedinthestorm.

Menofthiskind

aredangerous.Betweenthetwowindowshangs

apicture.(2)SUBJECTANDVERBAGREEMENT主謂一致要點精講“主謂一致”是指謂語動詞與主語必須在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致，即主語是復數(shù)，謂語也用復數(shù)形式，如are,were,have等，主語是單數(shù)，謂語要用單數(shù)形式，如：is,was,has,works等。1.everyoneof

oneof

eachof

eitherofneitherof+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。

Eachofthestudentshasabook.

Eachofthegirls

likesdancing.

Oneofthem

hasbeenabroad.

Neitherofthetwoboys

isgoodat

English.2.

each/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞

and

each/every/no/manya+單數(shù)名詞

作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Eachbookand

eachpaperisfound

initsplace.Everyboyand

everygirlhastheright

toreceiveeducation.Many

aboyand

manyagirlhasseen

thesepainting.Everyhourandminuteisimportant.第二個each,every,no,manya可以省略。noneof...結(jié)構(gòu)作主語指代不可數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)；指代復數(shù)名詞作主語，強調(diào)全體，謂語用復數(shù)更好一些；著重個別，則用單數(shù)較好。Noneofthemoneyisyours.Noneofushave／haseverbeenabroad.3.all,none,some,any等不定代詞作主語，根據(jù)其指代的內(nèi)容而定。Allarepresent.Allthefoodtastesgood.4.morethanone/manya+單數(shù)名詞作主語，意義上是復數(shù)，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。(形單意復)Morethanonestudenthastried.Manyastudentandteacheriswatchingthefootballmatch.Manyamanhasdiedinthewar.5.集體名詞class,family,army,team,club,population,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,等作主語。強調(diào)整體用單數(shù)，指個體成員用復數(shù)。Hisfamily

isinHarbin.Hisfamily

aremusiclovers.Thecommitteewasmadeupof10members.Thecommitteewereinthehall.1．Hisfamily_______asmallone．2．Hisfamily_______fatandshort． A.is,is B.are,are

C.is,are D.are,is此題應選C。family是一個集合名詞，具有單數(shù)(側(cè)重指整體)和復數(shù)(側(cè)重指個體)兩種可能。6.就近原則1)由…or…,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso…,not…but…

等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常和靠近的作主語的名詞在單復數(shù)上保持一致。

Notonly

he

butalso

I

aminvited.Ior

hisbrothersweretoblame.Neither

I

nor

he

istoattendthe

meeting.Notonly

thestudents

butalso

their

teacher

isenjoyingthefilm.2)當therebe/herebe句型的主語是一系列事物時，謂語應與最鄰近的主語保持一致。

1.

Thereisapen,aknifeandseveral

booksonthedesk..2.

Therearetwentyboy-studentsand

twenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.3.

Hereisaletterandabookforyou.4.

Therearethreechairs,twotablesand

abikeinthehouse.7.主語后跟

“with,

alongwith,togetherwith,

like,

unlike,

besides,

but,

except,

including,

aswellas,

asmuchas,

ratherthan,

morethan,

nolessthan,

andnot+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)時，謂語動詞一般和前面的主語保持一致。(就遠原則）1.

Theteacher

withanumberofstudents

isintheclassroom.2.

Tom,asmuchasyou,wasresponsiblefortheloss.3.

He

morethanyouisanxioustogothere.8.“the＋adj./v-ed/v-ing”作主語

the+

dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等詞，相當于復數(shù)名詞，代表整個類別，故作主語時謂語用復數(shù)。TheoldinChinaarelivingahappylife.Thewounded

havebeensaved.Thesick

havebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.9.

表示時間、距離、錢額、重量、空間、體積等意義的復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。

Eighthoursofsleep

isenough.

Ahundredmilesisalongdistance.

Tenpounds

wasmissingfrommypocket.Twentyyears

haspassedsincehelefthishometown.10.population做主語指人口,謂語用單數(shù)；指人的行為、居民等，謂語常用復數(shù)；分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+ofthepopulation做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。Thepopulationofthevillageis538.Onethirdofthepopulationhereareworkers.11.theOlympicGames,theAsianGames

做主語，謂語用復數(shù)。TheOlympicGamesareheldeveryfouryears.12.動名詞、不定式、從句做主語1).單個動名詞或不定式作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。Makingspeeches

isnotherstrongpoint.Growingflowers

needsconstantwatering.2).

由and連接的兩個(或多個)動名詞或不定式作主語如果并列的動名詞或不定式語義相同或相似，謂語用單數(shù)；如果語義不一致，則謂語用復數(shù)。Lyingandstealing

arenotright.Toloveandtobeloved

issweetthing.13.

由and連接的并列成分但指的是同一概念或一個人的雙重身份時謂語動詞為單數(shù)，但由and連接的兩個并列成分表示兩個不同的概念時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)。

The

workerandwriter

is

fromBeijing.(那個工人兼作家…)

Theworkerandthewriter

are

fromBeijing.(那位工人和那位作家)14.

a+單數(shù)名詞+andahalf,

a+單數(shù)名詞+ortwo

作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。

Ayearandahalfhaspassed.

Adayortwoisenough.oneortwo+復數(shù)名詞,

oneandahalf+復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用復數(shù)。Oneortwoboysknowit.OneandahalfmonthshavepassedsinceIsawhim.AmonthandahalfhaspassedsinceIsawhim.

15.“anumberof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用復數(shù);“許多”“thenumberof＋復數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語用單數(shù)?！啊臄?shù)量”Thenumberoftrafficaccidentshasincreased.Anumberofchildren

likethissong.thequantityof+復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)。aquantityof+復數(shù)名詞,謂語用復數(shù)。aquantityof+不可數(shù)名詞,謂語用單數(shù).quantitiesof+復數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復數(shù)。Quantitiesoftea

weresoldlastmonth.Alargequantityofbeer

wassoldout.Thequantityofbooksinthelibraryisamazing.16.Quantity/iesof+名詞復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞half

most

enough

part

therest

thelast

lots

some

plenty

分數(shù)

百分數(shù)+of+名詞作主語謂語動詞要和of

之后的名詞保持一致。17.Therestofthepeoplepresentare

againsttheplan.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthis

coveredbysea.Overtwentypercentofthecity

was

destroyedinthewar.Forty-fivepercentofthedoctors

were

women.Only40percentofthestudentsintheclassareboys.1.______youorhetheteacherof

English?Neithermysisternormymother

______presentatthemeeting.A.Are,wasB.Is,wereC.Are,areD.Is,isADoSomeExercises2.Whenandwheretobuildthenew

factory______yet.A.isnotdecided

B.arenotdecided

C.hasnotdecided

D.havenotdecided析:當when和where加不定式指的是同一件事時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。A3.Oneortwodays____enoughtosee

thecity．A.isB.areC.amD.be4.NeithermywifenorImyself____able

topersuademydaughtertochange

hermind．A.isB.areC.amD.be5.Nottheteacher,butthestudents

____lookingforwardtoseeingthe

film．A.isB.areC.amD.be6.His“SelectedPoems”____first

publishedin1965.A.were B.was

C.hasbeen D.havebeenB7.Awomanwithsomechildren______

soon． A.iscoming B.arecoming C.hascom