2021屆高考英語(yǔ)題型解題技巧(北京專用)專題2.閱讀理解之推理判斷題解題技法(含答案全解全析)

閱讀理解之推理判斷題解題技法推理判斷題屬于高層次閱讀理解題。解答該類型題目時(shí)一定要從整體上把握語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容，在語(yǔ)篇的表面意義與隱含意義、已知信息與未知信息之間架起橋梁，透過(guò)字里行間，去體會(huì)作者的“弦外之音”和“言外之意”。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí)，要據(jù)文推理、合情推理，不可脫離原文主觀臆斷。推理判斷能力的考查主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面：一、以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行判斷通過(guò)辨認(rèn)細(xì)節(jié)的技巧,了解并理解有關(guān)的事實(shí)或證據(jù)。對(duì)這些事實(shí)或證據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和評(píng)價(jià)。在分析和評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上作合理的決定。有時(shí)需要借助常識(shí)做決定。例子1TheBrownBearMywifeLauraandIwereonthebeach,withthreeofourchildren,takingpicturesofshorebirdsnearourhomeinAlaskawhenwespottedabear.Thebearwasthinandsmall,movingaimlessly.Justafewminuteslater,Iheardmydaughtershouting,“Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!”Anaggressivebearwillusuallyrushforwardtofrightenawayitsenemybutwouldsuddenlystopatthelastminute.Thisonewassilentanditsearspinnedback—thesign（跡象）ofananimalthatisgoinginforthekill.AnditwasacoldAprilday.Thebearbehavedabnormally,probablybecauseofhunger.Iheldmycameratripod（三腳架）inbothhandstoformabarrierasthebearrushedintome.Itshugeheadwaslevelwithmychestandshoulders,andthetripodstuckacrossitsmouth.ItbitdownandIfoundmyselfsupportingitsweight.IknewIwouldnotbeabletoholditforlong.1.Thebrownbearapproachedthefamilyinorderto.catchshorebirdsB.startanattackC.protectthechildrenD.setupabarrierforitselfB根據(jù)文章第二段第二句和第三句Anaggressivebearwillusuallyrushforwardtofrightenawayitsenemybutwouldsuddenlystopatthelastminute.Thisonewassilentanditsearspinnedback—thesignofananimalthatisgoinginforthekill.可以判斷出這頭熊接近這家人是要展開(kāi)攻擊,故選擇B項(xiàng)。文中所描述的細(xì)節(jié)很清晰地闡述了熊的行為,但由于問(wèn)題和選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置,需要考生將細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行處理做出簡(jiǎn)單判斷才能獲取正確答案。二、緊扣文章主旨進(jìn)行推理推論不同于判斷。盡管二者都以事實(shí)為依據(jù),但推論超越了已知的事實(shí),是對(duì)未知所作的陳述。假如一個(gè)司機(jī)發(fā)現(xiàn)馬路前方圍著一大群人,他就會(huì)對(duì)此（已知的事實(shí)）做出發(fā)生了車禍的推論;如果他發(fā)現(xiàn)馬路前方有一個(gè)小孩在玩皮球,他必須立即做出緊急剎車或從側(cè)面繞過(guò)去的判斷。在閱讀中,讀者要從文字的表面深入到字里行間,理解所讀的內(nèi)容,悟出作者的言外之意。只有對(duì)字面的含義有了深刻的理解,方可推斷出作者未明確說(shuō)出來(lái)的意思、作者的態(tài)度及寫作的意圖等。下面舉幾個(gè)文學(xué)作品的例子,說(shuō)明如何在閱讀中作推論。（1）...Theyoungmanquicklyanswered,“Yes,sir.”從“quickly”和“Yes,si”可以推論出，說(shuō)話者似乎態(tài)度謙卑,甚至有點(diǎn)誠(chéng)惶誠(chéng)恐。（2）“...LotsofpeoplethinkI'mjustagreenkid（child）.I'llshowthem.”green原意為“綠色的”,由此引申為“不成熟的”,greenkid可以理解為“毛孩子”。從“I'llshowthem”可推論出兩層意思:①“許多人認(rèn)為我只是個(gè)毛孩子，我要做個(gè)樣子讓他們看看?！保ū硎竞茏孕牛?②“許多人認(rèn)為我只是個(gè)毛孩子,我要給他們一點(diǎn)顏色看看?！保ㄍ{的口氣）（3）Whenthephonefinallyrangjoeleapedfromtheedge（邊緣）ofhischairandgrabbed（搶;抓）forit.在這段材料中，有幾個(gè)能引發(fā)聯(lián)想的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ):finally,leaped,edge以及grabbed。“finally”這個(gè)詞暗示Joe等電話已多時(shí)了?！發(fā)eaped"和“grabbed"暗示他的緊張而迫不及待的心情?！癴romtheedgeofhischair"暗示他坐臥不安地期待著。讀者從上述的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)可以推論出作者的真正意圖是說(shuō)明這個(gè)電話很重要。如果作者不制造懸念,而采用直接描寫的手法（如下所示）,就會(huì)平鋪直敘,激發(fā)不出讀者的想象力,文章也就失去了感染力。（4）Joewasverynervousandanxiousashewaitedforanimportantphone.Unabletorelaxforamoment,hesatontheedgeofhischair.Whenthephonerang,Joereachedforit.讀者應(yīng)該記住,推論一定要緊扣文章中提供的事實(shí)和證據(jù)。離開(kāi)文章中的事實(shí),曲解文章的事實(shí),或?qū)ξ恼碌氖聦?shí)缺乏全面的了解,都可能會(huì)做出不合理的推論。如:Theoldmanstaggered（搖搖晃晃地走）alongthesidewalk.Hegrabbedatthepicketfencetokeepfromfalling.Historngrayovercoatswayedopeninthewinterwind.粗心的讀者可能會(huì)從“staggered”,“grabbed...fromfalling”推斷出這個(gè)老人喝醉了。但這種推論缺乏足夠的證據(jù)，因?yàn)樽x者忽略了“Hhewinterwind，這一事實(shí)。事實(shí)上，作者描寫了一幅凄涼的情景。合理的推論應(yīng)該是:這個(gè)老人上了年紀(jì),貧病交加,身體很虛弱。在做閱讀題時(shí)，經(jīng)常能夠遇到推理判斷題，幫助學(xué)生解題的一個(gè)重要方法就是緊扣文章的主旨，這樣所做出的推斷才是合理且與文章的中心思想相符的。如:TailSpinTwodolphinsracearoundinabigpoolintheOceanPark.Thesmallerdolphin，Grace，showsoffafewofhertricks,turningaroundandwavinghellotothecrowd.Themostamazingthingabouther,however,isthatshe'sevenswimmingatall.Shedoesn'thaveatail.Gracelosthertailasababywhenshegotcaughtupinafishtrap.WhenthedolphinarrivedattheOceanParkinDecember2005,shewasfightingforherlife.“Isshegoingtomakeit?”Hertrainer,AbbeyStone,fearedtheworst.Gracedidmakeit—buthertaildidn't.Sheendeduplosingherflukesandthelowerpartofherpeduncle.Overthepastsixyears,shehaslearnedtoswimwithouthertail.Dolphinsswimbymovingtheirflukesandpeduncleupanddown.Gracetaughtherselftomoveanotherway—likeafish!Shepushesherselfforwardthroughthewaterbymovingherpedunclefromsidetoside.ThemovementsputharmfulpressureonGrace'sbackbone.Soacompanyofferedtocreateaman-madetailforher.ThetailhadtobestrongenoughtostayonGraceassheswambutsoftenoughthatitwouldn'thurther.ThefirsttimeGraceworetheartificialtail,shesoonshookitoffandletitsinktothebottomofthepool.Now,sheisstilllearningtousethetail.Somedaysshewearsitforanhouratatime,othersnotatall.“Thenewtailisn'tnecessaryforhertofeelcomfOrtable,"saysStone,“butithelpstokeepthatrangeofmotion（動(dòng)作）andbuildmuscles（肌肉）."Now,thedolphinisabouttogetanevenhappierending.Thismonth,GracewillstarinDolphinTale,afilmthatfocusesonherrescueandrecovery.Herprogresshasinspiredmorethanjustanewmovie.Manypeopletravelfromnearandfartomeether.SeeingGraceswimwithherman-madetailgivespeoplesomuchcourage.ThestoryofGraceinspirespeopleto.sticktotheirdreamstreatanimalsfriendlytreasurewhattheyhavefacedifficultiesbravelyD通過(guò)審題我們可以看出此題需要考生通過(guò)對(duì)全文的理解抓住主旨,然后再針對(duì)作者的寫作目的進(jìn)行合理推斷。文中的海豚Grace在面對(duì)困難時(shí)沒(méi)有放棄，而是勇敢地面對(duì)和克服困難,這讓讀者通過(guò)Grace的故事受到了啟發(fā),就像文章最后一句寫到的那樣:“SeeingGraceswimwithherman-madetailgivespeoplesomuchcourage”,所以緊扣主旨可以推測(cè)出本題選擇D項(xiàng)。三、準(zhǔn)確推測(cè)作者的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度在一篇文章中,不管作者對(duì)某一觀點(diǎn)是支持、反對(duì)還是中立,是同情、冷漠還是失望,是批評(píng)還是贊揚(yáng),主觀還是客觀,都表達(dá)了作者一定的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。只是這些觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度的提出有的直截了當(dāng),有的隱含在字里行間,有的通過(guò)所用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶來(lái)體現(xiàn),有的則需要通讀全文,把握主旨才能領(lǐng)會(huì)。一般情況下,所選的文章不帶有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,因此不會(huì)引起太大的爭(zhēng)議和分歧。有關(guān)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的試題可細(xì)分為作者態(tài)度題(支持或贊同;中立或客觀;懷疑、批評(píng)或反對(duì))和作者觀點(diǎn)題(表明作者對(duì)某事物的觀點(diǎn))。題干中的關(guān)鍵詞有attitude,opinion,tone等。其命題模式如下:(1)某一事物是好是壞,作者對(duì)它是支持還是反對(duì),態(tài)度都非常明確,而帶中立色彩的詞最不可能是正確答案。在問(wèn)作者對(duì)某事物的態(tài)度時(shí)，表示“客觀”的詞多為正確選項(xiàng)，如:objective,impartial等;問(wèn)作者對(duì)其提到的人或事的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度時(shí)，答案只能是肯定或否定，支持或反對(duì)。如:critical,approving,disapproving,supporting等。既然寫了文章，那么作者的態(tài)度就不可能是漠不關(guān)心的，因此見(jiàn)到in-different，uninterested這類詞可以首先排除?？忌灰炎约旱暮脨簯B(tài)度混進(jìn)去，要注意區(qū)分作者本人的態(tài)度和作者引用的觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度。當(dāng)作者的態(tài)度沒(méi)有明確提出時(shí)，考生要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)作者使用的詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性去判斷作者的態(tài)度，如:wonderful(ly),successful(ly),positive(ly),active(ly),negative(ly),unfortunate(ly),doubtful(ly等。區(qū)別作者的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度與其他人的觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度。文章中陳述的內(nèi)容并非都是作者的觀點(diǎn)，作者引用別人的觀點(diǎn)時(shí),是作為支持或抨擊的對(duì)象,因此別人的觀點(diǎn)是為了證明作者觀點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。作者的觀點(diǎn)一般與文章主旨相關(guān)聯(lián)。如:Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnature,curediseases,makebombs,andhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere'salwaysatemptation(誘惑)todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooks,authorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLove,Character,andAchievement,appearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation.Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimal,however,ismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanat-tempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:Whathassciencerevealedabouthumannature?Whatarethesourcesofcharacter?Andwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren't?Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines(學(xué)科［.Consideringthis,youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox(非常規(guī)的),andperhapsunfortunate,way.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheories,hetellsastory,withinwhichhetriestomakehispoints,perhapsinordertokeepthereader'sattention.SoasHaroldandErica,theheroandheroineinhisstory,livethroughchildhood,wehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopment,andastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters.Onthewhole,Brooks'sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechaptersstandoutabovetherest.Ienjoyed,forinstance,thechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharacters,themoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks'sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.1.Whatistheauthor'sgeneralattitudetowardsthebook?Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.本文作者介紹了Brooks寫的一本書,有些考生認(rèn)為既然是介紹這本書,那么作者對(duì)所介紹的書就應(yīng)該持支持態(tài)度。做題切不可主觀臆斷,一定要綜合全文,從字里行間盡可能多地尋找能夠體現(xiàn)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的表達(dá)。從文章第三段中的“ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox,andperhapsunfbrtunate,way."和最后一段可以看出作者對(duì)這本書的態(tài)度是批評(píng)的。注意:①找文中帶有感情色彩的名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞，根據(jù)作者使用詞語(yǔ)的褒貶性來(lái)判斷作者的態(tài)度。一般來(lái)講,如果文中出現(xiàn)的褒義詞比較多,那么作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往是正面或積極的;如果文中出現(xiàn)的貶義詞較多，那么作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往是負(fù)面或消極的;如果文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)多少表示褒貶的詞語(yǔ)，通篇使用的都是中性詞語(yǔ)，那么作者的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度往往是中立的?！硎痉e極的詞:support（支持）,supportive（支持的）,supporting（支持的）,approve（贊成）,approving（贊同的）,optimistic（樂(lè)觀的）,positive（積極的）,objective（客觀的）,helpful（有幫助的）,admiring（羨慕的［‘interesting（引起興趣的）,praising（贊揚(yáng)的）,serious（嚴(yán)肅的）,enthusiastic（熱情的）,pleasant（愉快的）,polite（禮貌的）,concerned（關(guān)切的）,humorous（幽默的）,unbiased（無(wú)偏見(jiàn)的）,confident（自信的）,impressive（給人深刻印象的）等?！硎鞠麡O的詞:disgusted（厭惡的）,disgusting（令人厭惡的）,critical（批評(píng)的）,negative（否定的）,suspicious（懷疑的［‘intolerable（無(wú)法忍受的）,disappointed（失望的）,biased（有偏見(jiàn)的）,doubtful（懷疑的）,pessimistic（悲觀的），depressed（沮喪的）,uninterested（不感興趣的）,worried（擔(dān)心的）,hostile（敵對(duì)的）,ironic（諷刺的）,sarcastic（挖苦的）,bitter（慘痛的）,cynical（憤世嫉俗的）,sentimental（感傷的）,emotional（易情緒激動(dòng)的）,sceptical（表示懷疑的）,opposed（反對(duì)的）,angry（氣憤的）,doubt（懷疑）等?！硎局辛⒌脑~:indifferent（冷淡的，漠不關(guān)心的）,impersonal（不受個(gè)人感情影響的）,informative（提供有用信息的）,impartial（不偏袒的）,factual（事實(shí)的.objective（客觀的）,neutral（中立的）等。

根據(jù)作者舉的例子進(jìn)行判斷。作者在文章中常會(huì)通過(guò)舉例來(lái)論證觀點(diǎn)，因此結(jié)合例子內(nèi)容往往可以推斷出作者所持的態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)。理解文章，合理推斷，切不可犯經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義的錯(cuò)誤。有的作者沒(méi)有明確表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，而是將其隱含在字里行間，借助一些置于特定環(huán)境中的語(yǔ)言以及一些詞語(yǔ)表達(dá)感情、觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度。高考精練2019北京高考AliceMooreisateenagerentrepreneur（倉(cāng)U業(yè)者），whoinMay2015setupherbusinessAilieCandy.Bythetimeshewas13，hercompanywasworthmillionsofdollarswiththeinventionofasuper-sweettreatthatcouldsavekids'teeth，insteadofdestroyingthem.ItallbeganwhenMoorevisitedabankwithherdad.Ontheouting,shewasofferedacandybar.However,herdadremindedherthatsugarytreatswerebadforherteeth.ButMoorewassickofmissingoutoncandies.Soshedesiredtogetroundthewarning,"Whycan'tImakeahealthycandythat'sgoodformyteethsothatmyparentscan'tsaynotoit?"Withthatinmind,Mooreaskedherdadifshecouldstartherowncandycompany.Herecommendedthatshedosomeresearchandtalktodentistsaboutwhatahealthiercandywouldcontain.Withherdad'spermission，shespentthenexttwoyearsresearchingonlineandconductingtrialstogetarecipethatwasbothtastyandtooth-friendly.Shealsoapproacheddentiststolearnmoreaboutteethcleaning.Consequently，shesucceededinmakingakindofcandyonlyusingnaturalsweeteners，whichcanreduceoralbacteria.Moorethenusedhersavingstogetherbusinessoftheground.Afterwards，sheandherfathersecuredtheirfirstbusinessmeetingwithasupermarketowner，whofinallyagreedtosellMoore'sproduct-Cancandy.AsCanCandy'ssuccessgrows，sodoesMoore'scredibilityasayoungentrepreneur.Mooreisenthusiasticaboutthecandyshecreated，andshe'salsopositiveaboutwhatthefuturemightbring.Shehopesthateverykidcanhaveacleanmouthandabroadsmile.Meanwhile，withherparents'help，Mooreisgenerallyabletoliveanormalteenagelife.Althoughshefoundedhercompanyearlyoninlife，shewasn'tdrivenprimarilybyprofit.Moorewantstouseheruniquetalenttohelpothersfindtheirsmiles.Shedonates10%ofAilicCandy'sprofitstoBigSmiles.Withhertalentand

determination,itappearsthattheskycouldbethelimitforAliceMoore.34.HowdidMoorereacttoherdad'swarning?Shearguedwithhim.C.Shepaidnoattention.35.Shearguedwithhim.C.Shepaidnoattention.35.WhatisspecialaboutCanCandy?Itisbeneficialtodentalhealth.C.Itissweeterthanothercandies.36.WhatdoesMooreexpectfromherbusiness?A.Toearnmoremoney.C.Tomakeherselfstandout.37.WhatcanwelearnfromAliceMoore'sstory?Shetriedtofindawayout.D.Shechosetoconsultdentists.Itisfreeofsweeteners.D.Itisproducedtoadentists'recipe.Tohelpothersfindsmiles.D.Tobeatothercandycompanies.Fameisagreatthirstoftheyoung.Ayouthistoberegardedwithrespect.Positivethinkingandactionresultinsuccess.Successmeansgettingpersonaldesiressatisfied2018北京高考Plastic-EatingWormsHumansproducemorethan300milliontonsofplasticeveryyear.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場(chǎng)）,andupto12milliontonspollutetheoceans.Sofarthereisnoeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsananswermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthewormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,whichaccountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormsonacommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthewormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnotresponsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,theresearchersmadesomewormsintopaste（糊狀物）andappliedittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%oftheirmass—apparentlybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromtheworms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrentBiologiny2017.FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saystheworms'abilitytobreakdowntheireverydayfood—beeswax—alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic.＂Waxisacomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,thecarbon-carbonbond,isthereaswell,＂sheexplains,＂Thewaxwormevolvedamethodorsystemtobreakthisbond.＂JenniferDeBruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityofTennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnotsurprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.Butcomparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreakingdowninthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,willbetoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzymeproducedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes腸道微生物）？Bertocchiniagreesandhopesherteam'sfindingsmightonedayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrialprocess—notsimply＂millionsofwormsthrownontopoftheplastic.＂Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy？Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.Theycanconsumeplastics.Theywindupinlandfills.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthestudyisto.identifyothermeansofthebreakdownfindoutthesourceoftheenzymeconfirmtheresearchfindingsincreasethebreakdownspeedItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthechemicalmight.helptoraisewormshelpmakeplasticbagsbeusedtocleantheoceansbeproducedinfactoriesinfutureWhatisthemainpurposeofthepassage？Toexplainastudymethodonworms.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.2017北京高考Measles（麻疹）,whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan'tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn'twork.Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.That'sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（決定不參加）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免）,sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey'llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrendtheoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention

anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasonsinformationaboutmeaslesspreadsquicklyHerdimmunityworkswellwhen.exemptionsareallowedseveralvaccinesareusedtogetherthewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedinnewregulationsareaddedtothestatelawsWhatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?Theoveruseofvaccine.Thelackofmedicalcare.Theoveruseofvaccine.Thelackofmedicalcare.C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?Tointroducetheideaofexemption.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.2016北京高考SurvivingHurricaneSandy（颶風(fēng)桑迪）NatalieDoan,14,hasalwaysfeltluckytoliveinRockaway,NewYork.Livingjustafewblocksfromthebeach,Nataliecanseetheoceanandhearthewavefromherhouse.“It'stheoceanthatmakesRockawaysospecial,”shesays.OnOctober29,2012,thatoceanturnedfierce.Thatnight,HurricaneSandyattackedtheEastCoast,andRockawaywashitespeciallyhard.Fortunately,Natalie'sfamilyescapedtoBrooklynshortlybeforethecity'sbridgeclosed.WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.ManyofNatalie'sfriendshadlosttheirhomesandwerelivingfaraway.Allaroundher,peopleweresuffering,especiallytheelderly.Natalie'sschoolwassodamagedthatshehadtotemporarilyattendaschoolinBrooklyn.Inthefollowingfewdays,themenandwomenhelpingRockawayrecoverinspiredNatalie.Volunteerscamewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuild.Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrappedinpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.“MymomtellsmethatIcan'tcontrolwhathappenstome,”Nataliesays.“butIcanalwayschoosehowIdealwithit.”Natalie'schoicewastohelp.Shecreatedawebsitepage,matchingsurvivorsinneedwithdonorswhowantedtohalp.NataliepostedinformationaboutaboynamedPatrick,wholosthisbaseballcardcollectingwhenhishouseburneddown.Withindays,Patrick'scollectionwasreplaced.Inthecomingmonths,herwebsitepagehelpedlotsofkids:Christopher,whoreceivedanewbasketball;Charlie,whogotanewkeyboard.Nataliealsoworkedwithotherorganizationstobringmuch-neededsuppliestoRockaway.Hereffortsmadeherafamousperson.LastApril,shewasinvitedtotheWhiteHouseandhonoredasaHurricaneSandyChampionofChange.Today,thescars（創(chuàng)痕）ofdestructionarestillseeninRockaway,buthopeisintheair.Thestreetsareclear,andmanyhomeshavebeenrebuilt.“Ican'timaginelivinganywherebutRockaway,”Nataliedeclares.“Myneighborhoodwillbeback,evenstrongerthanbefore.”WhenNataliereturnedtoRockawayafterthehurricane,shefound.somefriendshadlosttheirlivesherneighborhoodwasdestroyedherschoolhadmovedtoBrooklyntheelderlywerefreefromsufferingAccordingtoparagraph4,whoinspiredNataliemost?ThepeoplehelpingRockawayrebuildThepeopletrappedinhigh-risebuildingThevolunteersdonatingmoneytosurvivorsLocalteenagersbringingclothingtoelderlypeopleHowdidNataliehelpthesurvivors?ShegavehertoystothekidsShetookcareofyoungerchildrenShecalledontheWhiteHousetohelpShebuiltaninformationsharingplatformWhatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?Littlepeoplecanmakeabigdifference

AfriendinneedisafriendindeedEastorWest,homeisbestTechnologyispower模擬精練2021北師大附中GoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder￡5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'sleantintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11."WeloveMexicanchurros,soIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay￡5foraportion（一份），butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves."Theeight-partseries（系列節(jié)自）,SaveMoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.Shehashadalightbudgetforherfamily.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusanna?Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.Addsomebackgroundinformation.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Addsomebackgroundinformation.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietMakingyourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess2021延慶區(qū)Ihaveaspecialplaceinmyheartforlibraries.IhaveforaslongasIcanremember.Iwasalwaysanenthusiasticreader,sometimesreadinguptothreebooksadayasachild.Storieswerelikeairtomeandwhileotherkidsplayedballorwenttoparties,IlivedoutadventuresthroughthebooksIcheckedoutfromthelibrary.MyfirstjobwasworkingattheUkiahLibrarywhenIwas16yearsold.ItwasadreamjobandIdideverythingfromshelvingbookstoreadingtothechildrenforstorytime.AsIgrewolderandbecameamother,thelibrarytookonanewplaceandanaddedmeaninginmylife.Ihadseveralchildrenandbookswereourmainsource（來(lái)源）ofentertainment.Itwasabigdealforustoloadupandgotothelocallibrary,wheremykidscouldpickoutbookstoreadorbookstheywantedmetoreadtothem.Ialwaysread,usingdifferentvoices,asthoughIwereactingoutthestorieswithmyvoiceandtheylovedit!Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks.Now,IseemychildrentakingtheirchildrentothelibraryandIlovethattheexcitementofgoingtothelibrarylivesonformgenerationtogeneration.Asanovelist,I'vefoundanewrelationshipwithlibraries.Iencouragereaderstogototheirlocallibrarywhentheycan'taffordtopurchaseabook.Iseelibrariesasasafehaven（避風(fēng)港）forreadersandwriters,abridgethathelpsputtogetherareaderwithabook.Libraries,intheirownway,helpfightbookpiracy盜版行為）and1thinkallwritersshouldsupportlibrariesinasignificantwaywhentheycan.Encouragereaderstousethelibrary.Sharelibraryannouncementsonyoursocialmedia.Frequentthemandtalkaboutthemwhenyoucan.Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'srelationshipwithbooksasachild?Cooperative.B.Uneasy.C.Inseparable.D.Casual.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anaddedmeaning”inparagraph3referto?Pleasurefromworkinginthelibrary.Joyofreadingpassedoninthefamily.Wondermentfromactingoutthestories.Acloserbonddevelopedwiththereaders.Whatdoestheauthorcallonotherwriterstodo?

B.Writeforsocialmedia.D.Purchasehernovels.Sponsorbookfairs.B.Writeforsocialmedia.D.Purchasehernovels.Supportlibraries.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?Reading:ASourceofKnowledgeMyIdeaaboutwritingLibrary:AHavenfortheYoungMyLoveoftheLibrary2019北大附中SweetDreamsWhileYouSleepDidyousleepthedayawayonFridayMarch21?Well,youshouldhavedonethatbecauseitwasWorldSleepingDay.Thisisthedayoftheyearwhenpeoplearoundtheworldcareabouttheirsleepandaskthemselvesquestionsaboutsleep.Whydoweneedsleep?Nobodyasyetcangiveaperfectanswertothisquestion.However,labtestsonratshaveshownthatlack（缺少）ofsleepoveraboutfourweeksleadstoastrongdropinbodytemperature,greatweightlossandfinally,death.Howmuchsleep?Differentpeopleneeddifferentamountsofsleep.Eighthoursanightisconsideredtheaverageamountofsleep.Forteenagers,theleastnumberofsleepinghoursadvisedbydoctorsare10hoursforprimaryschoolstudents,nineforjuniorhighsandeightforseniorhighs.Somepeopleseemtogetalongjustwellwithverylittlesleepatnight.LeadingAmericanscientistThomasEdison,forexamplethoughtofsleeptobeawasteoftime.Hedid,howevertakenaps（打盹）duringtheday.Ontheotherhand,AlbertEinstein,anothergreatscientist,saidheneededatleasttenhourssleepanight.Howcanwesleepwell?Herearesomeofthemostpopulartipsforagoodnight'ssleep:*Listentoyourbodyclock,notyouralarmclock（鬧鐘）.*Useyourbedonlytosleep.*Getupandgotobedatthesametime（alsoonweekends）.*Exerciseinthemorningandintheearlyafternoon.Don'texerciseintheevening.*Stoplookingatthatclockwhileyoucan'tsleep!Anddon'tworry.*Avoidalcohol（酒精）,caffeine（咖啡因）andsmokingbeforegoingtobed.*Keepthebedroomdark,quiet,andcool.36.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?ThomasEdisonsleptverylonghourseveryday.AlbertEinsteinneededverylittlesleep.Doctorssuggestedthatprimaryschoolstudentshavetenhoursofsleep.Doctorssuggestedthatjuniorhighshaveeighthoursofsleep.37.Whichofthefollowingisnotagoodsleepinghabit?Haveacupofalcoholbeforegoingtobed.Keepthebedroomdark,quietandcool.Getupandgotobedatthesametime.Listentoyourbodyclock.Whatisimpliedinthispassage?Bedroomscanbeusedforotherpurposes.Greatscientistsneedlesssleepthanordinarypeople.Worldsleepingdayistheonlytimewhenpeoplebecomeconcernedaboutsleep.Resultsfromlabtestsonratsmaybeapplicabletohumans.四2019人大附中Theywereahappyfamily:fourdaughterswereallinthesameschoolindifferentgrades.Theyoungest,Janice,whowasinmyclass,seemedtobegluedtohermother'sskirts．Theirthreeoldergirlstookthebustoschooleverymorning,butJanicewasalwaysdriventoschoolbyhermother.OneFriday,Janice'smotheraskedforatalkwithme.Shesaidinasoftvoice,"MyhusbandisgoingtoEuropeonbusinessfortwoweeks,andheinsiststhatIgowithhim.IhavetriedtoexplainoverandoverthatJaniceneedsmehere.Buthethinksthatshewillbefinewithoutme,soIhavenochoice,Ihavetogo.Ihavetoldthebabysittertodrivehereverymorning.WillyoupleasegiveJanicespecialattentionandhelpher?Iwanttobesureeverythinggoeswellforher."ItoldherthatwewouldmakeeveryefforttosupportJanice.IevenvolunteeredtomeetJaniceathercarsoshewouldseeafamiliarface.Asamothermyself,I'dliketohelp.Janice'smotherthankedmeforourunderstanding.OnMondaymorning,expectingatearfulanxiouschild,Iplannedaspecialprogramoffunandgames.IwaitedoutsidetogreetJanice,butjustthenthebusarrivedandnotthree,butfourgirlsgotoff.Janiceskippedalongjoyfully,saying“goodbye”tohersistersassheranwithtwofriendsintotheclassroom.IwalkedslowlyintotheclassroomandcalledJaniceovertoaskhowthebusridewent.Impatientlyshesaid,“Oh,Ialwayswanttotakethebuswiththeotherkids.ButMotherneedstobewithme.Youseetherewon'tbeanymorebabies,soIhavetobeababyalittlelonger.Whilesheisaway,I'lljustridethebuseveryday.Iamfive,youknow.”34.WhydidJanice'smotherwanttohaveatalkwiththeauthor?ToaskhertohelpJanicewithherhomework.ToaskhertopickupJaniceeveryday.ToaskhertogiveJanicemoreattention.ToaskhertomeetJaniceathercar.WhatdidtheauthornotdoforJanice?A.Planaspecialprogramoffunandgames.WaitforheroutsidetheschoolGreetherwhenshegotoffthebus.Askaboutherbusride.WhatdidJanicelooklikeonMondaymorning?A.Shewastearfulandanxious.Shewasworriedabouthermother.Shemissedhermotherverymuch.Shewashappyratherthansad.Whatdoweknowfromthepassage?A.Janiceistooyoungtogoschoolbybus.Janicelikestakingabustoschool.Janicedoesn'tlikeherbabysitter.Janiceisnolongerachild.五2019海淀區(qū)Whydoyougotothelibrary?Forbooksyes--butyoulikebooksbecausetheytellstories.Youhopetogetlostinastoryorbetransportedintosomeoneelse'slife.Atonetypeoflibrary,youcandojustthat--eventhoughthere'snotasinglebookAtaHumanLibrary,insteadofbooks,youcan“borrow”people.Individualsvolunteerashuman“books”andparticipantsintheeventcan“read”thebook--meaningtheywouldhaveaone-on-oneconversationwiththevolunteerandshareinadialogueaboutthatindividual'sexperience.“Books”arevolunteersfromallwalksoflifewhohaveexperienceddiscrimination（歧視）basedonrace,religion,class,genderidentity,age,lifestylechoices,disabilityandotheraspectsoftheirlifeForacertainamountoftime,youcanaskthemquestionsandlistentotheirstories,whichareasfascinatingandasattractiveasanyyoucanfindinabook.Manyofthestorieshavetodowithsomekindofstereotype.Youcanspeakwitharefugee（難民）,asoldiersufferingfromPTSD,