劉敏虛擬語氣

虛擬語氣IwishI_______(be)astallasyou.wereIwisheveryday_____(be)mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI

____________(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten區(qū)別:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. Definition陳述語氣（theIndicativeMood）用來陳述一個事實，或提出一個想法，有肯定、否定、疑問或感嘆等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虛語語氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時是一種非真實的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實現(xiàn)的與事實相反的愿望。if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我會再試一次。與現(xiàn)在事實相反的虛擬條件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動詞完成式（havedone）IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是當時我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句與將來事實相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時間狀語)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他這件事.2.如果他明天來的話,我會告訴他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動詞原形時態(tài)從句形式主句形式對過去if+主語+haddone主語+could/should/would/might+havedone對將來If+主語+主語+could/should/would/might+do對現(xiàn)在If+主語+did/were主語+could/should/would/might+dodidweretodoshoulddo一、非真實條件句中的虛擬語氣Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfhe_________he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented虛擬語氣時態(tài)的判定注意:假設(shè)條件從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句所假設(shè)的謂語動詞不一致情況下的虛擬語氣(混合條件句，這時動作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。

1.如果過去天氣好的話，現(xiàn)在莊稼長得更好了．Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.如果你聽了老師的建議的話，你現(xiàn)在就不會在醫(yī)院里了．Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.如果你身體狀況好一些的話，我們本可能會讓你去幫助他們工作的．Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere倒裝的If虛擬句條件狀語的倒裝：如果條件狀語中有were,had,should時,可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout._________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive

________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will

含蓄條件句

非真實條件句中的條件從句有時不表出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:

1.條件暗含在短語中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(條件暗含在分詞短語withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(條件暗含在不定式短語todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含條件是butforyourhelp)

4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Ifinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,I.Butforwater,itimpossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldbewouldn’thavewouldhavefailedwouldbe2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：

Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.

(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.

(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不會知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意來。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.這是我做夢也不會想到的。IfonlyIfonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我沒錯過火車就好了.現(xiàn)在過去將來Did/wereHaddoneCould+動詞原形(2)=aslongas常用陳述語氣.如果我們緊密團結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.asif/though2.asif/though+Clause現(xiàn)在：過去：將來:did/were(現(xiàn)在)haddone(過去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+動詞原形(將來)注意：如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么狀語從句中的謂語動詞可用陳述語氣。Itlooksasifyouaretired.區(qū)別：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 陳述語氣虛擬語氣Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞1.表示要求,命令,建議的虛擬語氣一個堅持，兩個命令，三個建議，四個要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose(advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire這些詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句要使用虛擬語氣。即從句中的動詞使用should+動詞原形，或者將should省略。suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.

以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible

Mydemandisthatshe_______________(come)toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalworks

(be)closeddown.Hesuggestedthatwe____________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.Theproposalthatwe

(go)outforapicnicwaswarmlywelcomed.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表語從句同位語從句賓語從句同位語從句注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”堅持認為“時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewaswish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were現(xiàn)在haddone過去would/might/woulddo將來Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing虛擬語氣特殊句型：1.wouldratherthat現(xiàn)在：過去：未來：過去時過去完成時過去時Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.注意:在主語＋would(had)rather＋that賓語從句中，從句謂語一般用過去式表示虛擬形式。例如:我真希望你告訴我真相。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我寧愿不再見著你。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他們和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause從句中的動詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動詞原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.3.It’s(about/high)time+that---過去時should+V.你該走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我們該去睡覺了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.Should不能省略4.用“may+動詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時may須置于句首Maygoodluck

be

yours!祝你好運！

Mayyou

be

happy!祝你快樂！

Mayyou

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

thepeople!人民萬歲！

“God

bless

you,”saidthepriest.牧師說：“愿上帝保佑你！”practice1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthome

D.ifshehadleft7It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

8

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…h(huán)ope

D.Should…may

9Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.

A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB10IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

12I’dratheryou____

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’t