-IP網(wǎng)絡(luò)的現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展

計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的

歷史和新進(jìn)展主要內(nèi)容Internet的開展和成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)高速計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)開展的現(xiàn)狀國(guó)際高速計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)研究方案中國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)研究方案高速計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)開展戰(zhàn)略時(shí)機(jī)和挑戰(zhàn)并存，挑戰(zhàn)大于時(shí)機(jī)WhatisaNetwork?

(fromendsystempointofview)Networkoffersaservice:moveinformationbird,fire,messenger,truck,telegraph,telephone,Internet…anotherexample,transportationservice:moveobjectshorse,train,truck,airplane...Whatdistinguishdifferenttypesofnetworks?TheservicestheyprovideWhatdistinguishtheservices?latencybandwidthlossratenumberofendsystemsserviceinterface(howtoinvoke?)otherdetailsreliability,unicastvs.multicast,real-time,messagevs.byte...WhatisaNetwork?

InfrastructureCentricViewElectronsandphotonsascommunicationmediumLinks:fiber,copper,satellite,…Switches:mechanical/electronic/optical,crossbar/BanyanProtocols:TCP/IP,ATM,MPLS,SONET,Ethernet,PPP,X.25,FrameRelay,AppleTalk,IPX,SNAFunctionalities:routing,errorcontrol,congestioncontrol,QualityofService(QoS)Applications:FTP,WEB,Xwindows,...TypesofNetworksGeographicaldistanceLocalAreaNetworks(LAN):Ethernet,Tokenring,FDDIMetropolitanAreaNetworks(MAN):DQDB,SMDSWideAreaNetworks(WAN):X.25,ATM,framerelayInformationtypedatanetworksvs.telecommunicationnetworksApplicationtypespecialpurposenetworks:airlinereservationnetwork,bankingnetwork,creditcardnetwork,telephonygeneralpurposenetwork:InternetTypesofNetworksRighttouseprivate:enterprisenetworkspublic:telephonynetwork,InternetOwnershipofprotocolsproprietary:SNAopen:IPTechnologiesterrestrialvs.satellitewiredvs.wirelessProtocolsIP,AppleTalk,SNATheInternetGlobalscale,generalpurpose,heterogeneous-technologies,public,computernetworkInternetProtocolopenstandard:InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)asstandardbodytechnicalbasisforothertypesofnetworksIntranet:enterpriseIPnetworkDevelopedbytheresearchcommunityHistoryoftheInternet70’s:startedasaresearchproject,56kbps,<100computers80-83:ARPANETandMILNETsplit,85-86:NSFbuildsNSFNETasbackbone,links6Supercomputercenters,1.5Mbps,10,000computers87-90:linkregionalnetworks,NSI(NASA),ESNet(DOE),Bartnet,100,000computers90-92:NSFNETmovesto45Mbps,16mid-levelnetworks94:NSFbackbonedismantled,multipleprivatebackbonesToday:backbonesrunat2.4Gbps,10smillionscomputersin150countriesGrowthoftheInternetNumberofHostsontheInternet:Aug.1981 213Oct.1984 1,024Dec.198728,174Oct.1990313,000Oct.19932,056,000Apr.19955,706,000Jul.199719,540,000Jul.200093,047,785RecentGrowth(1991-2000)WhoisWhoontheInternet?InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF):

TheIETFistheprotocolengineeringanddevelopmentarmoftheInternet.Subdividedintomanyworkinggroups,whichspecifyRequestForCommentsorRFCs.IRTF(InternetResearchTaskForce):

TheInternetResearchTaskForceisacomposedofanumberoffocused,long-termandsmallResearchGroups.InternetArchitectureBoard(IAB):TheIABisresponsiblefordefiningtheoverallarchitectureoftheInternet,providingguidanceandbroaddirectiontotheIETF.TheInternetEngineeringSteeringGroup(IESG):TheIESGisresponsiblefortechnicalmanagementofIETFactivitiesandtheInternetstandardsprocess.Standards.ComposedoftheAreaDirectorsoftheIETFworkinggroups.InternetStandardizationProcessServicesProvidedbytheInternetToday’sVisionEverythingisdigital:voice,video,music,pictures,liveeventsEverythingison-line:bankstatement,medicalrecord,books,airlineschedule,weather,highwaytraffic,toaster,refrigerator…Everyoneisconnected:doctor,teacher,broker,mother,son,friends,enemiesWhatisNext?ElectroniccommercevirtualenterpriseInternetentertainmentinteractivesitcomWorldasasmallvillagecommunityorganizedaccordingtointerestsenhancedunderstandingamongdiversegroupsElectronicdemocracylittlepeoplecanvoicetheiropinionstothewholeworldbridgethegapbetweeninformationhavesandhaveno’sElectronicterrorismhackercanbringthewholeworldtoitskneeIndustrialPlayersTelephonecompaniesownlong-haulandaccesscommunicationlinks,customersCablecompaniesownaccesslinksWireless/SatellitecompaniesalternativecommunicationlinksUtilitycompanies:power,water,railwayownrightofwaytolaydownmorewiresMediumcompaniesowncontentInternetServiceProvidersEquipmentcompaniesswitches/routers,chips,optics,computersSoftwarecompaniesCommercialInternetafter1994NSFNetworkRegionalISPAmericaOnLineIBMBartnetCampusNetworkJoe'sCompanyStanfordXeroxParcBerkeleyNSFNetworkInternetMCIUUnetSprintNetModemIBMBackboneISPISPInternetPhysicalInfrastructureResidentialAccessModemDSLCablemodemSatelliteEnterprise/ISPaccess,BackbonetransmissionT1/T3,DS-1DS-3OC-3,OC-12ATMvs.SONET,vs.WDM

CampusnetworkEthernet,ATMInternetServiceProvidersaccess,regional,backbonePointofPresence(POP)NetworkAccessPoint(NAP)LinksforLongHaulTransmissionTypesoflinksT1/DS1:1.544MbpsT3/DS3:44.736MbpsSTS-1/OC-1:51.850MbpsSTS-3/OC-3:155.2MbpsSTS-12/OC-12:622.080MbpsSTS-48/OC-48:2.488GbpsSTS-192/OC-192:9.953GbpsHigherlevelsofservicesofferedcommerciallyFrameRelayATMPossibilitiesIPoverSONETIPoverATMIPoverFrameRelayIPoverWDM計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)開展歷史回憶七十年代的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)X.25分組交換網(wǎng)：各國(guó)的電信部門建設(shè)運(yùn)行各種專用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)：SNA，DNAInternet的前身ARPANET進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)運(yùn)行八十年代的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)：OSI局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)LAN技術(shù)空前開展建成NSFNET，Internet初具規(guī)模九十年代的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)Internet空前開展Web技術(shù)在Internet/Intranet得到廣泛應(yīng)用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)與其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)的關(guān)系電信網(wǎng)絡(luò)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信基礎(chǔ)傳輸網(wǎng)（光纖、衛(wèi)星、微波等）

電子郵件信息瀏覽IP新聞播送電視節(jié)目Internet開展規(guī)模和趨勢(shì)Internet的開展速度是歷史上開展最快的一種技術(shù)以商業(yè)化后到達(dá)5000萬(wàn)用戶為例電視用了13年，收音機(jī)用了38年，更長(zhǎng)Internet從商業(yè)化后到達(dá)5000萬(wàn)用戶用了4年時(shí)間Internet正在以超過(guò)摩爾定理的速度開展Internet的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)有遠(yuǎn)見的政府不斷支持：1969－有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的企業(yè)參與和投入：NSF：MCI、IBMvBNS：MCI；Abilene:Qwest，CISCO聯(lián)合協(xié)作的開放式研究：IETF/RFC教育和科研的示范網(wǎng)絡(luò)為起點(diǎn)具有實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)的研究特點(diǎn)ARPAnet、NSF、ANS、vBNS簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用的技術(shù)路線：TCP/IPResearchandDevelopmentCommercializationPartnershipsPrivatizationNSFNETInternet2,Abilene,vBNSAdvancedUSGovtNetworksARPAnetgigabittestbedsActiveNetswirelessWDMSprintLinkInternetMCIUSGovtNetworksANSInteroperableHighPerformanceResearch&EducationNetworks21stCenturyNetworkingQualityofService(QoS)網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶寬與CPU性能光纖容量高水平大容量光纖傳輸試驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)容量 光纖長(zhǎng)度 特點(diǎn) 研制單位3Tb/s 40km 用T-EDFA NTT(160Gb/sX19CHOTDM/WDM) (DSF-0=1535nm) 用DSF光纖 (NZDSF) PD1-11.02Tb/s 1000km 0.4b/s/Hz，用SMF光纖 CNET(20Gb/sx51CHWDM) (SMF環(huán)測(cè)) 101km放大器間距 PD4-11Tb/s 342km 用TrueWave光纖 Lucent(40Gb/sx25CH) (TrueWave光纖) 85km放大器間距 PD7-1750Gb/s 2000km 采用C波段和L波段 Tyco(5.3Gb/sx50CH,10Gb/sx8CH)(純Si光纖+NZDSF環(huán)測(cè))純Si光纖 PD16-1640Gb/s 7200km 0.33b/s/Hz Tyco(10Gb/sx64CH) (NZDSF環(huán)測(cè)) PD2-1490Gb/s 335.2KM 采用拉曼放大+EDFA混合 Lucent(10Gb/sx49CH) (ZDSF環(huán)測(cè)) 0色散光纖(67km)+NZDSF(17km)PD8-1340Gb/s 6380km 實(shí)線試驗(yàn) Alcatel(10Gb/sx34CHWDM) (NZDSF) 50GHzSpacing PD18-180Gb/s 172km Soliton Chalmer(10Gb/sx8CHOTDM) (DSF0=1547nm) 已敷設(shè)的光纖 PD6-1Data(Still)OvertakingVoice0199619971998199920002001200220406080100120140160180Relative

Capacity

(%)VoiceDataSource:MCI(VintCerf)InternationaldatatrafficalreadyexceedsinternationalvoicefromAustraliaandScandinavia.200019981996IP(Still)ConqueringDataAllOtherIPXTCP/IPTrafficRatiosSource:Gartner1997100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%RelativeUserPopulationMultimediaDynamicWWWStaticWWWFTPandTelnetE-MailandNewsOther8%17%39%27%7%2%13%18%23%23%16%7%14%17%12%15%28%14%Internet(Still)GoingInteractive

ToTransactionalPages(Red)and

Audio/VideoContent(Purple)100%80%60%40%20%0%200019981996Source:TheYankeeGroup,1996Apps(Always)DrivingCapacitySimpleVideo,MultimediaBrowsing,PCMVoiceIP,PCS,E-Mail,

FileTransferPagingVideoConferencing,MPEG1NTSCVideoTelnet,VoIPISDN,

FrameRelayATM/POST3/E3T1/E1NewModemWirelessWANOldModem.004.0192.0288.1281.53155Mb/sMinimumBandwidthforApplicationperUserVirtualReality,MedicalImaging0123456789199719981999202220**VoiceTraffic(Rising)overConvergedNetworks13%0%BillionsofMinutes/MonthVoiceTrafficonMultiserviceNetworksFractionofTotalVoiceSource:Frost&Sullivan;BusinessWeek,April6,1998HomeAccess:FasterGettingCheaper1997199819992000202220**US$6050403020100AverageUS

CostperMonthADSLCableDialupISDNSource:ForresterResearch,January1998Data/Voice/VideoTransportConvergenceInternet高速信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的開展方向：

通信與計(jì)算聚合通信和計(jì)算技術(shù)的聚合改變了各自的原有特征高速信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的開展趨勢(shì)分層結(jié)構(gòu)；分布控制、管理和平安機(jī)制分層結(jié)構(gòu)比特路層效勞層應(yīng)用層高速信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)比特路層主干網(wǎng)傳輸技術(shù)：SDH/SONET，光纖主干網(wǎng)交換技術(shù)：IPoverSDH或光纖，GbE，支持IPv6端系統(tǒng)接入技術(shù)：LAN；ADSL、FTTC、FTTH、HFC效勞層〔支撐技術(shù)〕全球統(tǒng)一的地址、域名；平安的系統(tǒng)管理和訪問(wèn)控制Browser/Server計(jì)算模式，支持Data,Voice,Video以Java為代表的網(wǎng)絡(luò)編程語(yǔ)言應(yīng)用層〔用戶功能〕用戶－用戶〔立即響應(yīng)，可適當(dāng)延遲〕用戶－效勞器〔立即響應(yīng)，可適當(dāng)延遲〕ATMSDH/SONETIPOpticalIPTransportAlternativesB-ISDNIPoverATMIPoverSDH/SONETIPoverOpticalLong-TermWinnersIPATMOpticalIPSDH/SONETOpticalIPOpticalMultiplexing,Protection,andManagementatEveryLayer.EliminatingLayersLowersCosts.國(guó)際高速信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)研究方案1992年美國(guó)政府的“國(guó)家信息根底設(shè)施NII〞1993年西方七國(guó)的“全球信息根底設(shè)施GII〞美國(guó)NII組成局部“高性能計(jì)算和通信HPCC〞NGI和vBNSInternet2和AbileneTransPAC、APAN、STARTAPCANARIE和CA*net3NGI：美國(guó)下一代Internet研究方案NGI目標(biāo)1：先進(jìn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程規(guī)劃和模擬；監(jiān)視；集成；數(shù)據(jù)傳遞；網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理；動(dòng)態(tài)和自適應(yīng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)效勞質(zhì)量〔端到端〕效勞質(zhì)量體系結(jié)構(gòu)；允許控制，計(jì)費(fèi)和優(yōu)先權(quán)；可觀察和控制的API；DrillDown技術(shù)平安用戶用平安和公平的方法效勞網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源；優(yōu)越的網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理；網(wǎng)絡(luò)內(nèi)部的監(jiān)視；游動(dòng)/遠(yuǎn)程訪問(wèn)；公鑰根底設(shè)施NGI目標(biāo)2：下一代網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)試床開發(fā)下一代網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)試床，用比現(xiàn)在Internet快100倍以上的速度連接至少100個(gè)大學(xué)和國(guó)家研究實(shí)驗(yàn)室以1997年1.54Mbps計(jì)，10個(gè)連接點(diǎn)速度到達(dá)比現(xiàn)在Internet快1000倍端到端連接速度到達(dá)100Mbps~1GbpsNGI目標(biāo)2包括高性能連接：開發(fā)廣域網(wǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)，用100+Mbps速度連接100個(gè)廣域點(diǎn)下一代網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和超高性能連接：開發(fā)超高速交換和傳輸技術(shù)，用1+Gbps速度連接10個(gè)以上的局域點(diǎn)主要策略：協(xié)調(diào)建立一個(gè)高性能的協(xié)作網(wǎng)絡(luò)利用現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)試驗(yàn)床：vBNS,ESnet,NREN評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：連接點(diǎn)的數(shù)量，端到端的性能支持目標(biāo)1的研究，支持目標(biāo)3的應(yīng)用NGI目標(biāo)3：革命性的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用開發(fā)今天Internet沒(méi)有，對(duì)國(guó)家重要的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用健康保?。哼h(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療、緊急醫(yī)療響應(yīng)支持教育：遠(yuǎn)程教育、數(shù)字圖書館科學(xué)研究：能源、地理系統(tǒng)、氣象、生物國(guó)家平安：高性能全球通信、先進(jìn)的信息傳播環(huán)境：監(jiān)測(cè)、預(yù)測(cè)、警告、響應(yīng)政府：傳遞政府效勞和信息給公民和企業(yè)突發(fā)事件：災(zāi)難響應(yīng)、危機(jī)管理設(shè)計(jì)和制造：制造工程主要策略：重點(diǎn)研究根底性應(yīng)用分布式計(jì)算應(yīng)用、協(xié)同性應(yīng)用vBNSCooperativeAgreementCompetitivelyawardedinApril1995EstablishedbytheNSFinordertoensuretheavailabilityofhighperformancenetworkingresourcesfortheUSResearch&EducationcommunityfostertheadvancementofnetworkingtechnologyNSFcontributes:programmanagementandfundingMCIcontributes:bandwidth,equipment,andengineeringSanFranciscoNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchSanDiegoSupercomputerCenterHoustonDenverAmeritechNAPChicagoNationalCenterforSupercomputingApplicationsClevelandPerryman,MDSprintNAPMFSNAPPittsburghSupercomputingCenterLosAngelesAAtlantaANewYorkCityvBNSBackboneNetworkMapBostonWashington,DCSeattleAACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCJJAscendGRF400Cisco7507JuniperM40FOREASX-1000NAPACDS-3OC-3COC-12COC-48JSanFranciscoNationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchSanDiegoSupercomputerCenterHoustonDenverChicagoNationalCenterforSupercomputingApplicationsClevelandPerryman,MDPittsburghSupercomputingCenterLosAngelesAtlantaNewYorkCityvBNSBackbone3Q99BostonWashington,DCSeattlevBNSPOPDS-3OC-3COC-12COC-48Internet2UCAID〔120多個(gè)大學(xué)會(huì)員〕的一項(xiàng)研究方案 UniversityCorporationforAdvancedInternetDevelopment形成大學(xué)試驗(yàn)網(wǎng)，開發(fā)下一代Internet技術(shù)和應(yīng)用IPv6，Multicasting，QOS以競(jìng)爭(zhēng)方式得到NGI方案的經(jīng)費(fèi)支持NGI是政府方案，Internet2是大學(xué)合作方案相互補(bǔ)充，相互依靠Internet2和NGI的合作范圍NSF支持的vBNSInternet2將建立用于地區(qū)連接的gigaPoPInternet2的許多網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用開發(fā)由NGI支持AdvancedInternetBenefitsRichercontentthroughhigherbandwidthVideo,audioVirtualrealityDynamicnotstaticMoreinteractivityviaminimaldelayReliablecontentdeliverythroughqualityofservicemodelInternet2ApplicationsDeliverqualitativeandquantitativeimprovementsintheconductof:ResearchTeachingLearningRequireadvancednetworkingManyDisciplinesandContextsSciencesArtsHumanitiesHealthcareBusiness/LawAdministration…InstructionCollaborationStreamingvideoDistributedcomputationDataminingVirtualrealityDigitallibraries…VirtualLaboratoriesInteractiveresearchandinstructionReal-timeaccesstoremotescientificinstruments

ImagescourtesyoftheUniversityofMichiganVirtualLaboratoriesReal-timeaccesstoremoteinstruments

UniversityofPittsburgh,

PittsburghSupercomputingCenter

3-DBrainMappingDigitalLibrariesVideoandaudio

IndianaUniversity

VariationsProjectDistributedComputationMulti-sitedatabases

OldDominionUniversity

ChesapeakeBaySimulationImagecourtesyofOldDominionUniversityTeleimmersionSharedvirtualrealityUniversityofIllinoisatChicago

Virtual

Temporal

BoneImagescourtesyUnivofIllinois-ChicagoAbileneProjectannounced14April1998byVPGoreMostadvancedandfarreachingresearchandeducationnetworkintheworldsupportadvancedresearchapplicationsintegratedadvancednetworkservicesDevelopedbyUCAIDQwest,NortelandCiscocorporatepartnersAdvancednativeIPbackbonenetworkavailabletouniversitiesparticipatinginUCAID’sInternet2projectAbileneCharacteristics2.4Gbps(OC48)amonggigaPoPs,increasingto9.6Gbps(OC192)Connectionsat622Mbps(OC12)or155Mbps(OC3)IPoverSonettechnologyAccessPoPsveryclosetoalmostalloftheanticipateduniversitygigaPoPsAbileneScheduleFall1998:Demonstratednetworkatmembermeeting,inpre-productionatseveraluniversities,connectedtoChicagoswitchforSTARTAPJanurary1999:AbileneinserviceByDecember1999:around65institutionsconnectedTheTransPACNetworkThenetworkisbasedona70MbpsVBR-nrtATMinternationalconnectionbetweentheSTARTAPinChicagoandtheAPANTokyoexchangepoint.TheunderlyingATMserviceprovidedbyAT&T/KDD.TransPACprovidesATMandIP-layeruserservices.APAN-TransPAC-vBNS/Canarieprovidesoneoftheworld’slargesthigh-performanceresearchnetworksandconstitutesthepremierglobaltestbedfordevelopingnextgenerationnetworkprotocolsandservices.STARTAPSTARTAP

CommonInterconnectforNGI,Internet2,InternationalHigh-PerformanceNetworks“Canada’sNationalOpticalInternet〞GigaPOPCA*net3NationalOpticalNetworkVancouverCalgaryReginaWinnipegOttawaMontrealTorontoHalifaxSt.John’sFrederictonCharlottetownRANBCnetWURCnetSRnetMRnetONetRISQACORNOC3OC3DS3OC12OC48ChicagoSTARTAPCA*net3OC12Teleglobe中國(guó)的Internet中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)〔CSTNET〕NCFC〔APT〕，CASnet，CERnetCSTnet：信息效勞、超級(jí)計(jì)算、CNNIC1999/12/312000/06/302022/0110M10M55M

中國(guó)公用計(jì)算機(jī)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)〔CHINANET〕郵電部主管，依托CHANAPAC、CHANADDN、PSTN，1995年6月完成1999/12/312000/06/302022/01291M711M1953M〔北京170M、上海214M、廣州327M〕〔北京721M、上海661M、廣州571M〕

中國(guó)教育和科研計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)〔CERNET〕教育部主管，10主結(jié)點(diǎn)，完全采用TCP/IP技術(shù)，1995年12月完成1999/12/312000/06/302022/018M12M117M中國(guó)金橋信息網(wǎng)〔CHINAGBN〕電子部建設(shè)、1996年9月完成，政府機(jī)關(guān)、文教單位、大型企業(yè)1999/12/312000/06/302022/0122M69M148M〔北京49M、上海12M、廣州8M〕〔北京53M、上海59M、廣州36M〕中國(guó)聯(lián)通互聯(lián)網(wǎng)〔UNINET〕1999/12/312000/06/302022/0120M55M55M〔上海47M、廣州8M〕〔上海47M、廣州8M〕中國(guó)網(wǎng)通(CNCNET)由中國(guó)科學(xué)院、鐵道部、上海市政府及播送電影電視總局四家股東聯(lián)合出資成立的中國(guó)網(wǎng)通公司致力于新一代全光纖純IP高速骨干網(wǎng)絡(luò)CNCnet的建設(shè)1999/12/312000/06/302022/01377M377M〔北京4M、上海365M、廣州8M〕〔北京4M、上海365M、廣州8M〕中國(guó)國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易互聯(lián)網(wǎng)〔CIETNET〕1999/12/312000/06/302022/014M中國(guó)移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)〔CMNET〕1999/12/312000/06/302022/01