英美概況名詞解釋-史上最全哦

====Word行業(yè)資料分享--可編輯版本--雙擊可刪====源-于-網(wǎng)-絡(luò)-收-集英國部分1.TheThamesRiver2.TheHighLanders3.TheBritishCommonwealth英聯(lián)邦4.Cockney倫敦佬5.Eisteddfodau6.TheMaritimeClimate海洋性氣候7.TheEnglishChannel8.TheChunnel英吉利海峽隧道9.“peasoup”fogs倫敦霧10.Britishisles11.Stonehenge:巨石陣12.Thomasbecket:托馬斯13.GeoffreyChaucer14.Joanofarc:圣女貞德15.lollards:羅拉德派16.ThePuritans清教徒17.JuliusCaesar18.TheHardrian'sWall哈德連長城19.Heptarchy七王國21.Witan賢人會議22.AlfredtheGreat豆瓣23.WilliamtheConqueror威廉征服24.ThebattleofHastings25.TheDanelaw施行丹麥法的地區(qū)26.NormanConquest諾曼征服27.DomesdayBook英國國王1806年頒的土地調(diào)查清冊28.TheBlackDeath黑死病29.thedivinerightsofkings君權(quán)神授30.TheWarsofRoses玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(考過)31.theSpanishArmada:西班牙無敵艦隊(duì)32.TheGloriousRevolutionof1688光榮革命33.TheGunpowderPlotof1605火藥陰謀案34.BloodMary血腥瑪麗35.rottenboroughs衰敗選區(qū)36.MrsPankhurst潘克赫斯特太太是女權(quán)的主要倡導(dǎo)者之一。37.theleagueofnations國際聯(lián)盟38.theblitz閃電戰(zhàn)39.thebeatles甲克蟲樂隊(duì)40.Thatcherism撒切爾主義41.balanceofpayments收支平衡42.johnMaynardKeynes43.visibletradeandinvisibletrade44.Europeanunion歐盟45.Monetaristpolicies(貨幣主義政策)46.TheTradeUnionActof1871工會法47.Agribusiness農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)48.Britishdisease英國病49.Constitutionalmonarchy君主立憲制50.PrivyCouncil樞密院51.Commonlaw公共法52.thestateopeningofparliament53.TheCivillist英國王室費(fèi)(考過)54.thecivilservice公務(wù)員(考過)55.lifepeer終身貴族56.acquittal無罪裁決57.cross-examination58.TheCrownCourt刑事法庭59.probation緩刑60.capitalpunishment死刑61.themetropolitanpoliceforce62.TheNationalHealthService英國國民保健制度63.nationalinsurance社會保險(xiǎn)64.generalpractitioner(GP)65.socialworker66.thesalvationarmy67.Comprehensiveschools68.Reuters路透社69.grant-maintained(GM)Schools有公費(fèi)保證的學(xué)校70.eleven-plus(升學(xué)考試)71.BBC72.Rupertmurdoch73.thebritishmuseum74.PilgrimsThanksgivingDayIreland(愛爾蘭)美國部分1.AmerigoVespucci2.theMississippi3.Hispanics4.WASPS5.babyboom6.thegreatlakes7.Ellisisland8."thegreatcompromise"9.theEmancipationProclamation10.notaxtationwithoutrepresentation11.theChineseExclutionAct12.Indenturedservants13.bostonteaparty(考過)14.continentaldivide15.federalists16.thegettysburgaddress17.thekukluxklan18.muckrakers黑幕揭發(fā)者19.intolerantnationalism20.theredscare21.theprogressivemovement22.overload23.TheNewDeal24.thetrumandoctrine25.themarshallplan26.thesmithact27.thecivilrightsactof196428.thepovertyline29.poverty30.monopoly31.oligopoly32checksandbalances33.winner-take-all34.thefreeenterprisesystem35.thefederalsystem36.separationofpowers37.privateschool38.schooldistrict39.globaleducation40.poorrichard'salmanac41.transcendentalism42.jazz43.knickerbockersera44.father'sday45.mother'sday46.congressionalmedalofhonor47.UNICEF48.GreatCanyon49.NewEngland50.HispanicAmericans51.Chicanos52.PuertoRicans53.FederalistPapers54.TheFirstContinentalCongress55.ManifestDestiny56.TheBlackThursday57.NewFrontier58.PortHuronStatement59.NOW60.Counterculture61.AmericanCornBelt62。AmericanCornBelt63。ThreegiantsinAmericanautomobileindustry64.ElectoralCollege65USpresidentialinauguration66communitycollege67newbasics68Knickerbockers69LeavesofGrass70HarlemRenaissance71Halloween72independenceDay英國概況名詞解釋(全部版)1.TheThamesRiverTheThamesRiveristhesecondlargestandmostimportantriverinBritain.Itis336KMlong,risinginsouthwestEnglandandflowingthroughEnglandandoutintotheNorthSea.Itflowsratherslowly,whichisveryfavorableforwatertransportation.2.TheHighLandersTheyaretheScotswholiveinthemountainousregionsoftheHighlandsinNorthernScotland.Theyareaproud,independentandhardypeoplewhomaintaintheirstrongculturalidentity.Theymainlylivebyfarmingsheepinmountainareasorfishingonthecoastsandislands.3.TheBritishCommonwealth英聯(lián)邦TheBritishEmpirewasreplacedbytheBritishCommonwealthortheCommonwealthofNationsin1931.ItisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachmembernation.Atpresentthereare50memberscountieswhitinthecommonwealth(1991).是曾為英國殖民地，但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)獨(dú)立構(gòu)成的自由聯(lián)合體。4.Cockney倫敦佬AcockneyisaLondonerwhoisbornwithinthesoundofBowBells-theBellsofthechurchofSt.Mary-LeBowineastLondon5.Eisteddfodaufestivalsofsonganddanceandpoetrycelebratedbythewelshthroughtheyear.Bythiswaythewelshkeepthewelshlanguageandwelshculturealive.6.TheMaritimeClimate海洋性氣候Thetypeofclimatewhenwinterismild,nottoocoldandsummeriscool,nottoohot,andithasasteadyreliablerainfallthroughoutthewholeyear.7.TheEnglishChannelAChannelthatseparatesBritainfromtherestofFranceisquitenarrow.Achanneltunnelunderthischannelwasbuiltin1994tojointhetwocountriestogether.8.TheChunnel英吉利海峽隧道In1985theBritishgovernmentandFrenchgovernmentdecidedtobuildachanneltunnel,whichiscalled“Chunnel”,undertheStraitsofDoversothatEnglandandFrancecouldbejoinedtogetherbyroad.TheChunnelwasopentotrafficinMay1994.9.“peasoup”fogs倫敦霧thefamous“peasoup”fogswerethickheavyyellowfogsofLondonandothercitiesseldomoccuranymore.厚的\重的\黃色的霧氣10.BritishislesTheBritishIslesismadeupoftwolargeislandsandhundredsofsmallones.ThetwolargeislandsareGreatBritainandIreland.11.Stonehenge:巨石陣ItisacirculargroupoflargestandingstonesonSalisburyPlain,Wiltshire,regardedasoneofthemostimportantmonuments紀(jì)念碑ofitskindinEurope,andverypopularwithvisitors.12.Thomasbecket:托馬斯hewasEnglishchurchmanandstatesman.hebecameChancellorofEnglandunderHenryIIin1155.hewasappointedArchibishopofCanterburyin1162.13.GeoffreyChaucerHewasanimportantEnglishpoetinthefourteenthcentury.HisbestknownisTheCanterburyTales,whichdescribesagroupofpilgrimstravellingtoCanterburytovisitThomasBecket’stomb墳?zāi)?BecausehewasthefirstimportantEnglishpoettowriteinEnglish.Hehasbeenknownasthe“FatherofEnglishPoetry”.14.Joanofarc:圣女貞德shewasanationalheroineofFranceduringthehundredyear’swar,shesuccessfullyledthefrancetodrivetheEnglishoutoffrance.15.lollards:羅拉德派theywerepoorpriestsandtravelingpreacherswhowerejohnwyclif’sfollowers.theyplayedanimportantroleinthementalpreparationsforthepeasantuprisingof1381.theypreachingtheequalityofmenbeforegod.16.ThePuritans清教徒ThePuritanswerewealthy,well-educatedgentlemen.TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritansleaderssawtheNewworldasthearefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave.17.JuliusCaesarHewasagreatRomangeneral.In55BCand54BC,heinvadedBritaintwice.BecauseoftheresistenceoftheBritishpeople,hewithdrewwithhostagesandprisoners.That'sthebeginningoftheRomaninvasion.帶著人質(zhì)和俘虜撤退。18.TheHardrian'sWall哈德連長城ItwasoneoftwogreatwallsbuiltbytheRomanstokeepthePictsoutoftheareatheyhadconquered.由羅馬人修建，把皮克特人擋在已征服的地區(qū)之外。19.Heptarchy七王國DuringtheAnglo-Saxon'stime,Britainwasdividedintomanykingdoms,amongwhichthereweresevenprincipalkingdomsofKent,Essex,Sussex,Wessex,EastAnglia,MerciaandNorthumbria.TheyweregiventhenameofHeptarchy.In597,PopeGregoryIsentSt.AugustinetoEnglandtoconverttheEnglishPeopletoChristianity.Hewasverysuccessfulinconvertingthekingandthenobility.HewasthefirstarchbishopofCanterbury.教皇，格里高力一世派圣奧古斯丁到英格蘭去使英格蘭人皈依基督教。21.Witan賢人會議Witanwasthecouncilormeetingofthewisemen.ItwascreatedbytheAnglo-Saxonstoadvisetheking.It'sthebasisofthePrivyCouncilwhichstillexiststoday.22.AlfredtheGreat豆瓣AlfredwasastrongkingofWessex.HedefeatedtheDanesandreachedafriendlyagreementwiththem.Hefoundedastrongfleetandisknownas"ThefatheroftheBritishnavy".HereorganizedtheSaxonarmy,makingitmoreefficient.Healsotranslatedbooksandestablishedschools.Allthisearnedhimthetitle"AlfredtheGreat".23.WilliamtheConqueror威廉征服WilliamwasDukeofNormandy.HelandedhisarmyinOct.1066anddefeatedkingHarold.ThenhewascrownedkingofEnglandonChristmasDaythesameyear.HeestablishedastrongNormangovernmentandthefeudalsysteminEngland.建立了封建制度24.ThebattleofHastingsIn1066,KingEdwarddiedwithnoheir,theWitanchoseHaroldasking.William,DukeofNormandy,invadedEngland.OnOctober14,thetwoarmiesmetnearHasting.Afteraday'sbattle,Haroldwaskilledandhisarmycompletelydefeated.SothisbattlewasveryimportantonthewayoftheRomanconquest.哈羅德被威廉擊敗。25.TheDanelaw施行丹麥法的地區(qū)Bythemiddleoftheninthcentury,theVikingsandtheDaneswereposingathreattotheSaxonkingdomofWessexwhosecapitalwasWinchester.Alfred,KingofWessex,wasstrongenoughtodefeattheDanesandcametoarelativelyfriendlyagreementwiththemin879.TheDanesgainedcontrolofthenorthandeastofEngland(-"theDanelaw"),whileAlfredwouldruletherest.協(xié)議規(guī)定丹麥人控制英格蘭北部和西部（丹麥法區(qū)），而阿爾弗雷德統(tǒng)治其他地區(qū)。26.NormanConquest諾曼征服TheNormanConquestof1066isperhapsthebest-knowneventinEnglishhistory.WilliamtheconquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.SothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablishedinEngland.27.DomesdayBook英國國王1806年頒的土地調(diào)查清冊ItisabookcompiledbyagroupofclerksunderthesponsorshipofKingWilliamtheFirstin1086.Thebookwasinfactapropertyrecord.ItwastheresultofageneralsurveyofEngland.Itrecordedtheextent,value,stateofcultivation,andownershipoftheland.ItwasoneoftheimportantmeasuresadoptedbyWilliamItoestablishthefullfeudalsysteminEngland.Today,itiskeptinthePublicRecordsOfficeinLondon.28.TheBlackDeath黑死病Itisamodernnamegiventothedearlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadthroughEuropeinthefourteenthcenturyparticularlyin1348-1349.Itcamewithoutwarning,andwithoutanycue.InEngland,itkilledalmosthalfofthetotalpopulation,causingfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.29.thedivinerightsofkings君權(quán)神授thetheorythatakingruleswiththeauthorityofgod.30.TheWarsofRoses玫瑰戰(zhàn)爭(考過)thenameWarsoftheRoseswasrefertothebattlesbetweentheHouseofLancaster,symbolizedbythereadrose,andthatofYork,symbolizedbythewhite,from1455to1485.HenryTudor,descendantofDukeofLancasterwonvictoryatBosworthFireldin1485andputhtcountryundertheruleoftheTudors.FromtheseWars,Englishfeudalismreceiveditsdeathblow.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakened.31.theSpanishArmada:西班牙無敵艦隊(duì)thefleetsenttoinvadeEnglandbyPhilipIIofspainin1588.32.TheGloriousRevolutionof1688光榮革命In1685CharlesIIdiedandwassucceededbyhisbrotherJamesII.JameswasbroughtupinexileinEurope,wasaCatholic.Hehopedtorulewithoutgivinguphispersonalreligiousvies.ButEnglandwasnomoretolerantofaCatholickingin1688than40yearsago.SotheEnglishpoliticiansrejectedJamesII,andappealedtoaProtestantking,WilliamofOrange,toinvadeandtaketheEnglishthrone.WilliamlandedinEnglandin1688.Thetakeoverwasrelativelysmooth,withnobloodshed,noranyexecutionoftheking.ThiswasknownastheGloriousRevolution.33.TheGunpowderPlotof1605火藥陰謀案TheGunpowderPlotof1605wasthemostfamousoftheCatholicconspiracies.OnNov.5,1605,afewfanaticalCatholicsattemptedtoblowKingJamesandhisministersupintheHouseofParliamentwhereGuyFawkeshadplantedbarrelsofgun-powderinthecellars.TheimmediateresultwastheexecutionofFawkesandhisfellow-conspiratorsandimpositionofsevereanti-Catholiclaws.Thelong-termresulthasbeenanannualcelebrationonNov.5,whenabonfireislittoturnaguyandafireworkdisplayisarranged.34.TheBlackDeath黑死病Itisamodernnamegiventothedearlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadthroughEuropeinthefourteenthcenturyparticularlyin1348-1349.Itcamewithoutwarning,andwithoutanycue.InEngland,itkilledalmosthalfofthetotalpopulation,causingfar-reachingeconomicconsequences.35.rottenboroughs衰敗選區(qū)aparliamentaryconstituencywhichpossessedtherighttoelectmembersofparliamenteventhoughitspopulationhaddwindledorwasnonexistent.議會選民區(qū)都有權(quán)利去選舉議會的成員即使它的人口已經(jīng)下降或是不存在。36.MrsPankhurst潘克赫斯特太太是女權(quán)的主要倡導(dǎo)者之一。britishsuffragette,shefoundedthewomen’ssocialandpoliticalunion,shediedamonthbeforewomengainedfullvotingequalitywithmen.37.theleagueofnations國際聯(lián)盟aninternationalorganizationof1920—1946setupafterthefirstworldwartopromoteinternationalcooperationandtoachieveinternationalpeaceandsecurity.38.theblitz閃電戰(zhàn)anairattack,particularlytheLondonblitzof1940—1941.theworldisfromthegerman“blitzkrieg”39.thebeatles甲克蟲樂隊(duì)oneofbritain’smostinfluentialpopgroups,firstperformingin1959inLiverpool.40.Thatcherism撒切爾主義Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.Herpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,theweakingoftradeforcesunions,thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.包括國有工業(yè)私有化，用貨幣政策控制通貨膨脹，削弱工會，加強(qiáng)市場力量在經(jīng)濟(jì)中的作用，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律與秩序。41.balanceofpayments收支平衡itisthedifferencebetweenthemoneyfromexportsandthecostofimports.42.johnMaynardKeyneshewasaninfluentialbritisheconomist.Keynesmaintainedthatgovernmentsshouldusefiscalpolicytostabilizetheeconomy.用財(cái)政使經(jīng)濟(jì)穩(wěn)定.</P<p>43.visibletradeandinvisibletradevisibletradeistradeofgoodssuchasmachineswhileinvisibletradeistradeofservicessuchasbankingandtourism.44.Europeanunion歐盟ECstandsforEuropeancommunity.ECisnowcalledEuropeanunion(EU).itisanorganizationof15westernEuropeancountriesthatpromotescooperationamongitsmembers.45.Monetaristpolicies(貨幣主義政策)SincetheAmericaneconomywasplaguedbystagflation,intheearly1980s,thetraditionalKeynesiantheory(傳統(tǒng)的凱恩斯理論)wasreplacedbynewmonetarist,whichsoughttofightinflationbyincreasingsupplyandreducingdemand,Ononehand,taxeswerecuttoincreaseeconomicdynamism.Ontheotherhand,interestrateswereraisedtoreducethesupplyofmoney.增加供應(yīng)，減少需求來打擊通貨膨脹。一方面，減少稅收增加經(jīng)濟(jì)活力；另一方面，增加利率減少貨幣支出。46.TheTradeUnionActof1871工會法Itlegalizedthetradeunionsandgivefinancialsecurity.Itmeantthatinlawtherewasnodifferencebetweenmoneyforbeneficpurposesandcollectingittosupportstrikeaction.使工會合法化，并給其財(cái)政保障。這意味著從法律上而言，為福利募集資金與為罷工募集資金毫無二至。47.Agribusiness農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)Thenewfarminghasbeencalled“agribusiness”,becauseitisequippedandmanagedlikeanindustrialbusinesswithasetofinputsintotheprocesseswhichoccuronthefarmandoutputsorproductswhichleavethefarm48.Britishdisease英國病Theterm“Britishdisease”isnowoftenusedtocharacterizeBritain’seconomicdecline.49.Constitutionalmonarchy君主立憲制ItisapoliticalsystemthathasbeenpractisedinBritainsincetheGloriousrevolutionof1688.Accordingtothissystem,theConstitutionissuperiortotheMonarch.Inlaw,theMonarchhasmanysupremepowers,butinpractice,therealpowerofmonarchyhasbeengreatlyreducedandtodaytheQueenactssolelyontheadviceofherministers.Shereignsbutdoesnotrule.TherealpowerliesintheParliament,ortobeexact,intheHouseofCommons.50.PrivyCouncil樞密院AconsultativebodyoftheBritishmonarch.ItsorigincanbetracedbacktothetimesoftheNormanKings.AftertheGloriousRevolutionof1688,itsimportancewasgraduallydiminishedandreplacedbytheCabinet.Today,itisstillaconsultationbodyoftheBritishmonarch,Itsmembershipisabout400,andincludesalCabinetministers,thespeakeroftheHouseofCommons,theArchbishopsofCanterburyandYork,andseniorBritishandCommonwealthstatesmen.51.Commonlaw公共法thetraditionalunwrittenlawofEngland,basedoncustomandthedecisionsofjudgesoveraperiodofyearsratherthanonwrittenlawspassedbyparliament.英國的不成文法，以法官的判斷和習(xí)慣為依據(jù)，而不以議會的成文法為依據(jù)。52.thestateopeningofparliamenttheofficialopeningofanewsessionofparliament,usuallyattheendofOctoberorbeginningofNovember,orafterageneralelection.53.TheCivillist英國王室費(fèi)(考過)anannualallowance,approvedbyparliament,madetothesovereignandmembersoftheroyalfamilyfortheexpenseinvolvedincarryingouttheirpublicduties.議會每年一次的津貼補(bǔ)助對君主和皇家成員在行使公共職務(wù)時(shí)的花費(fèi)。54.thecivilservice公務(wù)員(考過)thebodyofstateofficialsthathelpsthegovernment.55.lifepeer終身貴族apersonwhoisgivenapeerage貴族地位thatisnothandedoftohisorherdescendants,usuallyasarewardforpublicservice.56.acquittal無罪裁決acquittalbroadlymeansthattheindividualisreleasedordischargedwithoutanyfurtherprosecutionforthesameactortransaction.是意味著被指控者無罪開釋，并再也不可就這件特定罪行被指控。57.cross-examinationthequestioningofawitness,byapartyorlawyerotherthantheonewhocalledthewitness,concerningmattersaboutwhichthewitnesshastestifiedduringdirectexamination.58.TheCrownCourt刑事法庭AcriminalcourtthatdealswiththemoreseriouscasesandholdssessionsintownsthroughoutEnglandandWales.ItispresidedovereitherbyajudgefromtheHighCourtofJusticeoralocalfull-timebation緩刑aschemewherebyacriminaloffenderisplacedunderthesupervisionofaprobationofficerforaperiodofbetweensixmonths(12monthsinscotland)andthreeyears.6個(gè)月到三年之間。60.capitalpunishment死刑theexecutionofacriminalbyhanging.capitalpunishmentalsoknownasthedeathpenalty.61.themetropolitanpoliceforcethepoliceforceresponsibleforLondon,withitsheadquartersatnewScotlandyard.62.TheNationalHealthService英國國民保健制度ItisaveryimportantpartofthewelfaresysteminBritain.ItisanationwideorganizationbasedonActsofParliament.Itprovidesallkindsoffreeornearlyfreemedicaltreatmentbothinhospitalandoutside.Itisfinancedmainlybypaymentsbythestateoutofgeneraltaxation.Peoplearenotobligedtousethisservice.Theserviceisachievingitsmainobjectiveswithoutstandingsuccess.63.nationalinsurance社會保險(xiǎn)thesumleviedonallworkingpeoplebythestateasaninsuranceagainstsicknessandunemployment.64.generalpractitioner(GP)adoctorwhoisnotaspecialistbutwhohasamedicalpracticeinwhichhetreatsallillness.65.socialworkerapersonemployedbyalocalauthorityoravoluntaryorganizationtogivepracticalaidandadvicetopeopleinneed.66.thesalvationarmyaworld-wideChristianorganizationfoundedbyWilliambooth,in1865.itgivingpracticalaidandspiritualcomforttothepoorandneedy.救世軍。67.ComprehensiveschoolsComprehensivesschoolstakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityoraptitudeandprovideawide-rangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict.68.Reuters路透社是世界前三大的多媒體新聞通訊社，提供各類新聞和金融數(shù)據(jù)，在128個(gè)國家運(yùn)行。路透提供新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)給報(bào)刊、電視臺等各式媒體，并向來以迅速、準(zhǔn)確享譽(yù)國際。另一方面，路透提供工具和平臺，例如股價(jià)和外幣匯率，讓交易員可以分析金融數(shù)據(jù)和管理交易風(fēng)險(xiǎn)；同時(shí)路透的系統(tǒng)讓客戶可以經(jīng)由因特網(wǎng)完成買賣，取代電話或是紐約證券交易所的買賣大廳等人工交易方式，它的電子交易服務(wù)串連了金融社群。路透社是最早的通訊社，也是目前英國最大的通訊社和西方四大通訊社之一。Itwasfoundedin1851bytheGerman,JuliusReuter.Itisnowapubliclyownedcompany,employingover11000staffin80countries.Ithasmorethan1300staffjournalistsandphotographers.69.grant-maintained(GM)Schools有公費(fèi)保證的學(xué)校theyarestateschoolsoutsidelocaleducationauthoritycontrol.therearenotuitionfeesattheseschools.由國家學(xué)校以外的當(dāng)?shù)亟逃龣C(jī)構(gòu)控制，在這些學(xué)校是免費(fèi)的。70.eleven-plusanexaminationformerlyusedtoselectschoolpupilsatabout,theageof11foranappropriatesecondaryeducation.一種考試對11歲孩子選擇適當(dāng)?shù)闹械冉逃?1.BBCthebritishbroadcastingcorporation,theUKorganizationresponsibleformakingantransmittingofitsowntelevisionandradioprograms.72.Rupertmurdochaustralian-bornusnewspaperpublisher.hebecameauscitizenin1985.73.thebritishmuseumthenationalmuseumofarchaeologyandethnographyinBloomsbury,London.考古學(xué)和人種學(xué)。74.PilgrimsThanksgivingDayThePilgrimsin1620,201ofthemsailedtotheNewWorldinashipcalledMayflower.Thefirstwinteraftertheirarrivalwasverycoldandwhenspringcame,halfofthemweredead.ThentheIndianscametotheirhelpandtaughtthemhowtogrowcorn.Theyhadagoodharvestthatyear.SotheyinvitedtheIndiansandheldthefirstThanksgivingcelebrationinAmericatogivethankstoGod.Ireland(愛爾蘭)1、peaceagreementonnorthernireland2、republicofIreland—therepublcofirelandisanindependentcountrysituatedinwesternEurope.itoccupiesfour-fifthsoftheislandofIreland.itscapitalisDublin.therepublicofIrelandisalsoknownasEireinIrish.3、IrishCatholicism—irelandisoneofthemostcatholiccountriesofEurope.Catholicismisanintegralandpervasiveinflunceonnationallife.today93.1%oftheirishpopulationareRomanCatholics.abouthalftheCatholicbishopsintheUnitedStatesareofIrishorigin.愛爾蘭裔。4、Easterurprisingof1916—theeasterurprisingtookplaceinApril1916.agroupofnationalistsseizedtheDublingeneralpostofficeanddeclaredtheindependenceofIreland.afteraweekoffighting,therebellionwassuppressedbythebritisharmyandmostofitsleaderexecuted.5、Anglo-irishtreaty—from1918—1921therewasfightingbetweentheirishrepublicanarmyandthebritishgovernment.in1921thebritishsignedtheAnglo-irishtreaty.thebritishgovernmentagreedtoorganizeapartitionofireland.thesouthernpartofirelandgaindominionstatusastheirishfreestate,whilethenorthernpartwouldremainapartoftheUnitedkingdom.6、Fiannafail----itisthelargestpoliticalpartyinIreland.itshistoricprinciplesareneutrality,promotionofGaelicandstrongsupportforaunitedireland.itsneweconomicpolicesincludesupportfortheEC,ahighleverofpublicexpendituretoreduceunemploymentandfullemployment.7、FineGael----oneofthetwomajorpartiesinireland.itchangeditsimagefromaconservativepartytoasociallyprogressivepartysincethe1960s.itadvocatesaprogramofexpandedsocialservices,butislessinfavourofpromotingGaelicthanfiannafailis.8、JamesJoyce----themostwell–knownirishwriterofthe20thcentury.hismainworksincludeDubliners,APortraitoftheArtistAsAYoungManandUlysses.hisinnovationsinlanguageandstylehavedeeplyinfluenced20thcenturywriting.9、Irishoririshgaelic---itisacelticlanguage.10、UlyssesisJamesJoyce’smasterpiece.杰作ThenoveldescribestheeventsofonedayinthelivesofseveralpeopleinDublinandexplorestheirsub-consciousminds.小說描述了都柏林的幾個(gè)人在一天里的事情，探索了他們的潛意識思想。11、IrishFamine---IrishFaminereferstothewidespreadstarvationofIrishpeasantrywhichfollowedtheeffectsofpotatocropfailureinthemid-19thcentury.ItwasoneofthereasonsthatIrelandsufferedalotofthelossofpopulation.12、IrishRepublicanArmy(IRA)---TheIrishRepublicanArmy(IRA)isananti-Britishmilitaryforceestablishedintheearly20thcentury.SincetheIrishCivilWar,IRAhasremainedaforcetobereckonedwith對付inIrishpolitics.InrecentdecadesIRAcontinuestodemandthattheRepublicofIrelandshouldbeunitedwiththesixcountriesthatfromNorthernIreland.美國部分1.AmerigoVespucci---AmerigoVespucci,anavigator,provedthatthelandwasnotIndia,butanewcontinent.Therefore,thelandwasnamedAmericaafter.2.theMississippi---themississippihasbeencalled"fatherofwaters"or"oldmanriver",themississippianditstributariesdrainoneoftherichestfarmareasintheworld.itisthemostimportantriverintheworld.它與它的支流流經(jīng)世界上最富饒的農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)之一。3.Hispanics---itstandsforthespanish-speakingpopulationoftheunitedstates.thesepeoplemainlycenterinnewmexico,californiaandtexas.therearethreemajorhispanicgroupshistoricallyhavingthegreatinfluenceontheus.theyarechicanos,thepuertoricansandthecuban-americans.4.WASPS---WASPSarethemainstreamamericans,referingtothewhiteAnglo-saxonprotestants.5.babyboom--babyboomreferstothehigherbirthratebetween1946and1964.6.thegreatlakes---thegreatlakesarethemostimportantlakesintheunitedstates.theyarelakesuperior,lakemichigan,lakehuron,lakeEireandlakeontario.7.Ellisisland---Ellisislandwasanimportantimmigrationreceptionspotinthe1890andattheturnofthecentury.8."thegreatcompromise"---"thegreatcompromise"ofjuly16,givingeachstateanequalvoteintheSenatebutmakingrepresentationintheHousereflectthesizeofeachstate'spopulation."大妥協(xié)",即參議院中各州有相同的選舉權(quán),而眾議院代表應(yīng)按各洲人口比例產(chǎn)生.9.theEmancipationProclamation---duringthecivilwar,lincolnissuedtheEmancipationProclamationtogetmoresupportfortheunionathomeandabroad.Itgrantedfreedomtoallslaves.解放宣言,由林肯頒布,為了得到國內(nèi)外對聯(lián)邦的支持.解放宣言給了所有奴隸以自由.10.notaxtationwithoutrepresentation---thatis,withouttheirrepresentativestakingpartindecisionmaking,theyhadnoobligationtopaytaxes.沒有代表權(quán)不交稅，就是說他們?nèi)绻麑χ趁竦氐氖聞?wù)決策沒有代表權(quán)，他們將沒有義務(wù)繳納稅金。11.theChineseExclutionAct---itwaspassedbytheu.scongressinmay1882,itstoppedchineseimmigrationfortenyears.排華法案在1882年5月由美國國會通過，它10年內(nèi)禁止中國移民入境。12.Indenturedservants---indentureservantsrefertosomeimmigrantswhohastoworkforafixedtermfortheirmasterstorepaythecross-atlanticfareanddebts.契約傭工，指一些移民必須要在一個(gè)限定的時(shí)期里為他們的雇主工作來償還他們橫渡大西洋的費(fèi)用和債務(wù)。13.bostonteaparty(考過)---in1773,whenshipsofteareachedbostonandthegovernorwasdetermindtoseethatteawaslegallyprotectedinitsdistribution,severaldozenbostonresidentsdressedasindiansboardedtheshipsatnightandthrew$75,000worthofteaintotheharbor.thiscametobeknownasthe"bostonteaparty".波士頓傾茶事件，1773年，當(dāng)滿載茶葉的船只到達(dá)波士頓時(shí)，總督大人決定看看，以確保茶葉卸載時(shí)得到合法保護(hù)，晚上，幾個(gè)波士頓居民化裝成印度人來到船上仍掉了價(jià)值75，000的茶葉。這就是著名的波士頓傾茶事件。14.continentaldivide---itisanimaginarylinethatseparatesstreamsthatflowintothepacificoceanfromthosethatflowintotheatlantic.那是一條難以想象的線，將流入太平洋和流入大西洋的河流劃分開來。15.federalists---theywerethosewhodemandedastrongnationalsystemandwholaterstrugglehardfortheratificationoftheconsititution.聯(lián)邦制擁護(hù)者就是指那些要求建立堅(jiān)固的國家體系，之后又為憲法的通過全力奮斗的人。16.thegettysburgaddress---itreferstotheshortspeechpresidentlincolnmadewhenhededicatedthenationalcemeteryatgettysburg.Heendedthespeechwith“thegovernmentofthepeople,bythepeople,forthepeople,shallnotperish死亡fromtheearth”.葛底斯堡（地址），指林肯在陣亡將士墓落成儀式上發(fā)表的一個(gè)簡短的演說</P<p>17.thekukluxklantehkkkwasthefirstorganizedin1866andthenreformedin186