Unit1-2語法(系動詞+被動)

LanguageFocus系動詞1.2語法講解1.2LanguageFocus-GrammarGrammar1：LinkingVerbs系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨(dú)立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。最常用的系動詞是be，此外還有appear,seem,become,get,turn,go,grow,fall,feel,look,sound,smell,taste,keep,remain,stay,prove等。1.2LanguageFocus-GrammarGrammar1：LinkingVerbs1.最常用的系動詞be:be是用得最多的系動詞，可以跟各式各樣的表語（名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式、介詞短語、從句等）。Moneyisn’teverything.Shewasfirsttoarrive.Whatfilmison?Timeispressing.Thatistosay，he’stooyoung.That’showIlookatit.

1）appear意為“好像”，“似乎”，常與形容詞及過去分詞連用，也和不定式或名詞連用。Theappleappearedsound，butitwasrotten.這個蘋果看上去好好的，其實(shí)已經(jīng)腐爛了。Thehouseappeareddeserted.這房子看起來已經(jīng)沒人住了。

Thecarappearstohavenobrake.這車的剎車好像失靈了。Heappearedanormalperson.

有時以it作主語，后面跟從句。

Itappears（that）theplanedidnotlandatRome.Itappearstomethatyouareallmistaken.2）seem表示“看來”，“似乎（如何）”，相當(dāng)于appear和look，后面可跟形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語。Thedoctorseemsverycapable.Heseemsquitehappy.Sheseemedwellpleased.Claireseemedlackinginenthusiasm.

有時以it作主語，后面跟從句。Itseemsthatheishappy.

漸變類系動詞

get意為“變得……”，用法與become相同，但較口語化，后面多跟形容詞、過去分詞；也可跟現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞或介詞短語等。

Ithinkshewillgetwell.Pleasedon’tgetangry.Shegotmarriedtheotherday.There’snothingtogetexcitedabout.get被用來代替助動詞be和過去分詞連用，構(gòu)成被動結(jié)構(gòu)，表示某一事件或事故的發(fā)生，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動作getdressedgetstolengetpaidgetdrunkgetpunishedgetinvitedgetdivorced

getengagedgetworried

turn意為“變得（成）”，用于表達(dá)人或物的狀態(tài)、外貌等的變化，也可指顏色變化，較書面化。通常跟形容詞，也跟名詞（前面不加冠詞），表示“變成某人或某類從業(yè)者”。HeturnedpaleatthenewsItturnedawfulchilly.Heusedtobeateachertillheturnedwriter.Isitwiseforageneraltoturnpolitician?go只是在表示“變得……”時才用作系動詞，多表示“(從好的狀態(tài))變成壞的狀態(tài)”

Hewentmadlastyear.

Hearingthis，shewentred.Inhotweather，meatgoesbad.grow表示逐漸變化，意為“逐漸變成”，后面常跟形容詞，也可跟過去分詞（一般與心情有關(guān)）或介詞短語。

Theseaisgrowingcalm.Thepollutionproblemisgrowingserious.Igrewexcited，andalittlefrightened.AfteratimeIgrewdissatisfiedwiththework.

fall有時用作系動詞,只限于和少數(shù)形容詞搭配

fallillfallasleep4.感官類系動詞

look用作系動詞，表示“看起來（怎樣）”，后面主要跟形容詞、過去分詞、名詞和介詞短語等。

Myboyisnotlookingverywell.Shelookedembarrassed.Helooksanice,reliableman.Helookedinsplendidhealth.

類似的詞還有sound（聽起來），smell（聞起來），taste（嘗起來）。A.Thereportsoundstrue.Thistonesoundspleasant.

B.Rosessmellsweet.Thatmilksmellssour.C.Theapplesfromthistreetastedelicious.Themeattastesbad.5.保持類系動詞1）keep表示“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，后面常跟形容詞、副詞或介詞短語。Ihopeyou’llkeepfit.Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.Keepawayfromthem.Danger!Keepout!危險!不得進(jìn)入!Iamkeepinginverygoodhealth.We’llkeepintouchwithyou.2）remain表示“繼續(xù)保持（仍然處于某種狀態(tài)）”，后面可跟形容詞、分詞、名詞、介詞短語等。

Threeoutoffourofthemremainedsingle.Thequestionremainedunsolved.Wecanremainfriends.TheIndianpeopleremainindeeppoverty.Youcan’tletthehouseremainlikethis.你不能讓房子繼續(xù)處于這個狀態(tài)。5.保持類系動詞3）stay用作系動詞意思是“保持（某種狀態(tài)）”，后面一般跟形容詞或介詞短語。

Thetemperaturehasstayedhotthisweek.Pleasestayseated.Fatherhopedwe’dstayoutoftrouble.6.其他系動詞（如prove）prove也用作系動詞，表示“（最后）證明……”或“事實(shí)表明……”，后面常跟形容詞，也跟名詞或be的不定式。

Hisadvicedidprovesound(合理的，完好的).Argumentsproveduseless.Itprovedawaste.

GrammarPage(6.1)Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.

1)Theboatmanwas

astrong,handsomeyoungguy.2)Hehasbeen

inbedfordays.3)Bamboo

looks

morelikeatree.4)Notallbamboogrows

tall.5)Thesoup

smells

good.6)Thisplaceiswheretheherodied.Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.7)Thehotelhasbecomequitefamous.8)Wemustget

readytogo.9)Theappletastedsweet.10)Theweatherhasturnedverycold.11)Thatsoundsagoodidea.Verbswhichbehavelikebearecalledlinkingverbs.Moreexamples:turn,grow,feel,keep,sound,look,seem,stay,etc.Findingtherule:Readthepatternsinthefollowingchartanddecidewhichpatterneachoftheabovesentencesbelongsto.Putthenumbersofthesentencesintheblanks.PatternsSentencessubject+linkingverb+adjectiveHeistall.

subject+linkingverb+nounphrase

Wehavebecomegoodfriends.

subject+linkingverb+adverbialShestayedathome.

Applyingtherule:1.Decidewhetherthefollowingcoloredwordsarelinkingverbsornot.1)Thisnewsoftdrinktastesquitespecial.2)Thecookistastingthefishcarefully.3)Thecarappearedsuddenlyontheturning.4)Theyallappearedsatisfiedaftertheexam.5)Wouldtheaudiencepleasekeepseated?6)Tomwaskeptatschoolbecausehewaslateforclass.7)Mygrandmotherfeelshappy.8)Bobistoocoldtofeelhisfingers.

YesNoNoYesYesNoYesNoApplyingtherule:2.Correctthemistake(s)ineachofthefollowingsentences.1)Yourhandisfeelingcold.2)Thepizzaistastedgood.3)Hehasbecomeateacherfortenyears.4)Thepriceofgoldranhighly.5)Theoldman’shairhaschangedgrey.isfeeling>feelsistasted>tastesbecome>beenhighly>highchanged>turnedLanguageFocus被動1.2語法講解被動語態(tài)(ThePassiveVoice)主動句變被動句的方式：主動句：主語+謂語+賓語被動句：主語+be+過去分詞+by賓語e.g.Theteacherlovesherstudents.Herstudentsarelovedbytheteacher.(二)被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)格式

一般現(xiàn)在時： be+done

一般過去時： be+done

一般將來時：will+be+done或be

goingtobedone

過去將來時： would+be+done或begoingtobedone

現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： be+being+done

過去進(jìn)行時： be+being+done

現(xiàn)在完成時： have/has+been+done

過去完成時： had+been+done

情態(tài)動詞：情態(tài)動詞+be+done

2.英語中有些動詞常以被動語態(tài)的形式出現(xiàn)，也是高考出題的熱點(diǎn)。besupposedto應(yīng)該befacedwith面臨belocatedin坐落于beexpectedto預(yù)計(jì)會做

It’ssaidthat據(jù)說It’sreportedthat據(jù)報道

It’sbelievedthat據(jù)認(rèn)為It’sknownthat眾所周知Studyingtherule:Readthefollowingsentences,payingspecialattentiontothecoloredwords.1)Bambooissostrongthatitis

oftenusedtobuildhousesandbridges.2)Someare

putintocansandshippedtoallcornersoftheworld.3)Bambooscanbefittedtogetherandusedaspipestocarrywaterbroughtfromariverorlakethroughthem.4)Thetrafficaccidentwastalkedaboutformanyyears.5)Allofuswillbeaskedtoattendthelecture.6)Abambooparkisbeingbuiltnearthefactory.7)Theroadtotheschoolhasbeenwidened.8)HadhebeensenttoworkinBeijingwhenyougotthere?Applyingtherule:1.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingpassivevoice.1)Thegovernmentpaysforoureducation.2)Johngavemeabookasmybirthdaypresent.3)Theteachermadethestudentsstayafterschool.4)Thetwoboysarerepairingthedesk.5)Everyonecanenjoythistypeofmusic.6)Thestudentshaveinvitedustoadance.7)Theywillputofftheirweddingtillthenextweek.8)Peoplealwayslookdownuponliars.ispaidforIwasgivenweremadetostayisbeingrepairedcanbeenjoyedWehavebeeninvitedwillbeputoffarealwayslookeddownApplyingtherule:2.Completethefollowingshortpassagewiththeproperformofeachwordinbrackets.ThefirstHarryPotternovel______________(publish)in1997,sellingover250millioncopiesworldwide.TheHarryPotterbooks______________(sell)inmorethan200countriesand______________________(translate)into60differentlanguagesfromHinditoAncientGreek.Thenovelsalso_____________________________________(adapt)successfullyforthescreen.ThemostrecentfilmHarryPotterandthePrisonerofAzkaban______________(say)tohavebrokentherecordsintheUK,taking￡11.5millioninitsfirstthreedaysonrelease(上映).waspublishedhavebeensoldtranslatedhavebeenadaptedwassaidLanguageNumberofSpeaker(inmillion)Mandarin(Putonghua)920Arabic220English337Italian70-125French220Spanish332Japanese100German1001)Mandarin________________byabout920millionpeoplewhichtakesroughly15%oftheworldpopulation.2)About220millionpeople________Arabicaroundtheworld.3)Morethan337millionpeopleworldwide________Englishastheirfirstlanguage.4)Italian_____________________________________________________________.5)French_______________________________________________________________.6)Itisbelievedthat________________________________________________________.7)____________________________________________________________________8)LikeJapanese,German__________________________________________________________.isspokenspeakspeakisspokenbyatleast70millionpeopleabout220millionpeoplearoundtheworldspeakSpanishisspokenby332millionpeopleNearly100millionpeoplespeakJapaneseisspokenby100millionpeopleallovertheworldPlacesofInterestListeningAndSpeaking2.聽說練習(xí)2.ListeningandSpeaking1.Readthefollowingstepsofcheckinginatahotel.FamiliarizeyourselfwiththecoloredwordsThereceptionistandthecustomergreeteachother.Thereceptionistfillsinthehotelregistrationform.Thecustomertellsthereceptionisthisname.Thecustomertellsthereceptionisthisnationality.Thecustomertellsthereceptionistthenumberofhispassport.Thereceptionistregistersthenumberofthecustomer’sroom.2.ListeningandSpeaking2.Listentoadialogueandchoosethebestanswertocompleteeachofthefollowingstatements.1)Thereare________peopleinthedialogue.2)Mr.Clarkeistalkingto________.3)Mr.Clarkeplanstostayinthehotelfor________nights.4)Mr.Clarkeis________now.5)Hisnationalityis________,buthehascomefrom________.6)Hewillbegoingto________.CBAADC2.ListeningandSpeaking3.ListentothedialogueagainandfillinthehotelregistrationformClarkeBritishN387494F√67311th，April14th，AprilSingaporeBeijingCreditcard2.ListeningandSpeaking4.Imagineyouareareceptionistinahotelandyourpartnerisacustomerbookingaroombyphone.Makeupaconversationwiththehelpofthegivenexpressions.Youmaystartlikethis:A:Hello.ThisisNirvanaHotel.CanIhelpyou?B:Thisis...ReceptionistCustomerMayIhaveyourname,please?I’dliketobookaroomfor…Couldyoupleasespellit?I’llstayfrom…to…Howmanynightswillyoubestaying?Iwantaroomwith…(TV/airconditioner/bath…)Whattimewillyoubearriving?Howmuchwillitbeforonenight?Whatkindofroomdoyouwant?I’llbearrivingat…PlacesofInterestWriting3.寫作3.WritingCardiffisthecapitalandthelargestcityinWales,anditisalsothePrincipality’smaineconomic,

industrialandculturalcenter.ItissituatedonthesoutheastcoastofWales,andthreerivers,theTaff,theElyandtheRhymneyflowthroughitintotheBristolChannel.AlargeareaofparklandliesnearthecenterofCardiff,andmanyofthecity’smajorcommercialbuildingsarefoundaroundCathaysPark.TheCivicCentreisalsolocatedhere,andthisincludestheLawCourts,theNationalMuseumofWalesandCardiffUniversity.FactoriesinCardiffproducepartsforcars,chemicals,electronic

equipment,engineeringproductsandprocessed

food.ModernrailandroadcommunicationslinkCardifftotherestofGreatBritain,andanairportliesoutsidetheedgeofthecity.CardiffnowisthepoliticalandcommercialcenterofW