高中英語(yǔ)人教版Unit3AHealthyLife unit3sectionⅳ

SectionⅣGrammar&Writingit的用法(Ⅰ)閱讀下列句子，并體會(huì)黑體部分的用法1．ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthegarden.2．ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometresinanafternoon.3．Believeme，Iknowhoweasyitistobeginsmokingandhowtoughitistostop.一、用作代詞1．it作非人稱代詞，常用于指代時(shí)間、距離、自然現(xiàn)象、量度、價(jià)值等。Itistimetogetup.(指時(shí)間)到起床的時(shí)間了。Itisgoingtosnow.(指天氣)(天)要下雪了。Itisalongwayfrommyschooltothehospital.(指距離)從我的學(xué)校到醫(yī)院(距離)很遠(yuǎn)。2．it用作人稱代詞，代替前文提到的事物或動(dòng)物、指嬰兒(尤指性別不明者)，未指明但談話雙方都明白的事情或情況。Herbaby'sduenexthopesitwillbeaboy.她的孩子該下個(gè)月出生。她希望會(huì)是個(gè)男孩(性別不明)。Weboughtanewhousebutitwillneedalotofworkbeforewecanmovein.(代替前文提到的事物)我們買(mǎi)了一所新房子但搬進(jìn)去之前還需要做很多工作。二、用作形式主語(yǔ)it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ)，本身無(wú)意義，其真正的主語(yǔ)通常是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或主語(yǔ)從句。it作為形式主語(yǔ)常用于下面句型中：1．Itbe＋adj.＋(forsb.)todo...(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做……是……的常用于此句型的形容詞有：possible，necessary，important，easy，strange，natural等2．Itbe＋n.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的名詞有：good，use等3．Itbe＋adj.＋doing...做……是……的常用于本句型的形容詞有：useless，worthwhile等4．Itbe＋adj.＋that...(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))做……是……的常用于此句型的形容詞有：necessary，important，strange，natural等Itisimpossibletogettherebyboat.坐船不可能到那里。Itisnousegivinghimsomeadvice.＝Itisuselessgivinghimsomeadvice.給他提建議沒(méi)用。Itisnecessarythattheworkshouldbedonewell.這項(xiàng)工作應(yīng)該被完美完成是必須的。Itwassaidthatthetyphoonhadcausedalotofdamage.據(jù)說(shuō)臺(tái)風(fēng)已造成了很多的破壞。It'sapitythatyoumissedsuchanexcitingfootballmatch.你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這么令人興奮的足球比賽，真遺憾。[名師點(diǎn)津]it作形式主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有具體的意義，只是把真正的主語(yǔ)移至句子的后面，避免頭重腳輕。三、用作形式賓語(yǔ)1．用于“主語(yǔ)＋及物動(dòng)詞＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”句型中：當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中的賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常使用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而往往把真正的賓語(yǔ)——不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句置于補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后。Theyfeltitdifficulttofinishtheworkinsuchashorttime.他們認(rèn)為在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作是困難的。Hemadeitclearthathehatedme.他表達(dá)得很明確，他討厭我。[名師點(diǎn)津]為了便于記憶，可以把該句型稱為“6123結(jié)構(gòu)”：6指的是句中常用的六個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：think/believe/consider/feel/find/make；1指的是形式賓語(yǔ)it；2指的是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的兩種形式：形容詞或名詞；3指的是真正賓語(yǔ)的三種形式：不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語(yǔ)從句。2．在動(dòng)詞appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love等后代替if或when等引導(dǎo)的從句。Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldcome.如果你能來(lái)我會(huì)很感激。3．在動(dòng)詞have(表明；堅(jiān)持說(shuō))，take(認(rèn)為；猜想)，hide(隱瞞)，publish(公布)，put(表達(dá)；寫(xiě)出來(lái))等后代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Itakeitthatyoudon'tagreewithme.我認(rèn)為你不同意我的見(jiàn)解。4．在動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)answerfor(擔(dān)保)，counton(期待)，dependon，insiston，seeto(確保)等后代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。Hewillappreciateitiftheyinvitehim.如果他們邀請(qǐng)他，他將非常感激。Seetoitthatyouareherepunctuallytomorrow.明天你務(wù)必要準(zhǔn)時(shí)到這里。Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．－What'sliketoliveattheNorthPoleinwinter,canyouimagine?－You'llhavetotolerateextremecoldandthelongabsenceofsunlight.2．I'dappreciateifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.3．worriesmethewayhekeepschanginghismind.4．Hedidn'tmakeclearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.5．Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon'thaveenoughmoneytobuy.【答案】Ⅱ.完成句子1．抽煙危害健康，這是個(gè)事實(shí)。thatsmokingisadangertohealth.2．我認(rèn)為我們彼此保持聯(lián)系是重要的。Ithinkthatwekeepupwitheachother.3．我們首次見(jiàn)面是在秋天。whenwemetforthefirsttime.4．他三年前買(mǎi)了個(gè)照相機(jī)，他已經(jīng)用它拍了很多照片。Heboughtacamerathreeyearsagoandhastakenmanypictures．5．你這么做是聰明的。todoso.【答案】isafactimportantwasautumnit'scleverofyou應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作——回復(fù)建議信回復(fù)建議信是針對(duì)對(duì)方提出的問(wèn)題或困惑，有針對(duì)性地提出自己的建議的一種書(shū)信文體。一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)首先，要分析問(wèn)題，表明自己的觀點(diǎn)；其次，針對(duì)問(wèn)題提出建議，并說(shuō)明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者積極行動(dòng)，改進(jìn)現(xiàn)狀，并禮貌地結(jié)束全文。二、注意事項(xiàng)提出個(gè)人的建議時(shí)，應(yīng)注意以下兩點(diǎn)：1．態(tài)度謙恭理智：不管對(duì)方提出的問(wèn)題有無(wú)實(shí)際價(jià)值，態(tài)度是否中肯，都要認(rèn)真對(duì)待，理智分析，并對(duì)對(duì)方提出的問(wèn)題給出合理的解釋以及實(shí)際有效的解決方法。2.簡(jiǎn)明扼要，以理服人：針對(duì)問(wèn)題提出解決方法時(shí)，一定要語(yǔ)氣柔和，態(tài)度明確，邏輯分明，重點(diǎn)突出，讓對(duì)方感到“納而有因，拒而有理”。[亮點(diǎn)句式]1．首段：引出問(wèn)題①I(mǎi)amsorryyouhavehadsomuchtroublein...②Youhaveaskedformyadviceon...andIwilltrytomakesomesuggestions.③Ifeelgreatlyhonoredtobetrusted...2．主體：提出提議①I(mǎi)nmyopinion，youwouldbewisetotakethefollowingaction.②Firstofall，...；Meanwhile，...；Inaddition...③It'simportantforyouto...3．結(jié)尾：提出期望①Don'tloseheart，whateverhappens.②Iwillbeverygladifyoufindmysuggestionsuseful.③PleaseletmeknowifIcanhelpfurther.④Cheerup！Yourtroubleswillsoonbeover.⑤Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.[寫(xiě)作任務(wù)]假設(shè)你是李華。你的英國(guó)筆友John寫(xiě)信告訴你近日他由于沉迷于電腦游戲，健康受到很大影響。他十分焦慮。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)提示，給他寫(xiě)一封回信，建議他養(yǎng)成良好的生活習(xí)慣。要點(diǎn)：1.限制玩游戲的時(shí)間，把精力逐漸轉(zhuǎn)移到其他事情上；2．規(guī)定起床和睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間，形成良好的作息習(xí)慣；3．每天鍛煉半小時(shí)，增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右，開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)；2．可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua[審題謀篇]體裁建議信話題日常生活時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)人稱第一、二人稱[遣詞造句]Ⅰ.詞匯1．?dāng)[脫2．參加3．養(yǎng)成……的習(xí)慣4．增強(qiáng)體質(zhì)【答案】ridof/removetakepartin/participatein/joininintothehabitof...up/strengthenone'shealthⅡ.句式1．I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicewillhelpgetridofcomputergames.(用定語(yǔ)從句合并句子)I'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpgetridofcomputergames.2．Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoscheduleinordertogetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.(改為復(fù)合句)Youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothat/inorderthatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingregularly.[妙筆成篇]DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourhealth.Bestwishes!Yourssincerely，LiHua【參考范文】DearJohn，I'msorrytohearthatyou'readdictedtocomputergames，whichhashadabadeffectonyourknowyouworryaboutitveryI'mwillingtogiveyousomeadvicethatwillhelpyougetridofcomputergames.Firstly，limitthetimetoplaycomputergamesandpaymoreattentiontootheractivitiesafter，youshouldriseandsleepaccordingtoschedulesothatyoucangetintothehabitofworkingandrestingbutnotleast，dosomeexerciseforabouthalfanhourtostrengthenyourhealtheveryday.Ihopeyoucangetridofcomputergamestoliveahealthylife.Bestwishes!Yours，LiHua學(xué)業(yè)分層測(cè)評(píng)（九）Ⅰ.完成句子1．很清楚他不喜歡它。hedoesn'tlikeit.2．請(qǐng)注意一下門(mén)鎖了沒(méi)有。Pleasethedoorislocked.3．做出那道數(shù)學(xué)題很容易。Itiseasy．4．我花了一周時(shí)間才看完這本書(shū)。tofinishreadingthebook.5．他習(xí)慣了黎明前起床。Hethathegetsupbeforedawn.【答案】isveryclearthat2．seetoitthat3．toworkoutthemathsproblem4．Ittookmeaweek5．makesitaruleⅡ.閱讀理解Whohasn'tfoundthemselvesreachingfortheclosestfoodavailablewhenthey'retiredandstressed?Moreandmoreresearchisprovingthatthisisn'tallinourmind.Somefoodsreallydoleadtoachangeinourmoods.Carbohydrate(碳水化合物)forcalmThisishowsomepeoplemedicatethemselveswithfood－byreachingforcookiesorpastawheneverthey'reupset.Unfortunately,itdoesn'talwayswork.Youmusteatamealconsistingof100%carbohydrate,onanemptystomach,toobtaintheserotonin(血清素)increasesothatyouhaveagoodmood.Togetthewished-foreffect,youmustnoteatanythingforfourhoursandtheneatatleast30gramsofstraightcarbohydrate.Drycereal(谷類食品),apieceofbreadwithjam,orapotatoshoulddothetrick．ProteinforpowerOfcourse,sometimeswedon'tneedtobecalmandsleepy.Sometimesweneedagreatdealofmentalconcentration,sothisiswhenit'simportanttomixproteinandcarbohydrate.Theproteinwillpreventthetryptophan(色氨酸)fromfloodingyourbrain,andtheriseinserotoninwon'toccur.WhydessertmakesushappyFatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(內(nèi)啡肽),whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody.Thiswouldbefine,excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake.Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert.TimingyourmealsforenergyBloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood,causingadecreaseinenergy.Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes,butdon'tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals,rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.1．Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans．A．beextremelysmartB．intendtocheatsomeoneC．bringaboutthedesiredresultD．dosomethingtoamusepeople【解析】詞義理解題。此處與本段開(kāi)頭部分的“Togetthewished-foreffect”相呼應(yīng)，由此可推斷其意思是“達(dá)到預(yù)期效果”?！敬鸢浮緾2．Thefunctionofproteinis．A．tohelpyoukeepcalmandsleepyB．tomakeyoufeelenergeticC．toleadyoutoslownessD．toincreaseserotonininyourbrain【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二個(gè)標(biāo)題中的內(nèi)容可知蛋白質(zhì)的功能是讓你精力充沛?！敬鸢浮緽3．Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat．A．fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappyB．wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakesC．themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergyD．whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三個(gè)標(biāo)題第一句中的內(nèi)容可知脂肪和糖能極大地幫助人們感覺(jué)高興?！敬鸢浮緼4．Themainideaofthepassageis．A．eatingforabettermoodB．eatingtomakeyoucalmC．eatingformoreproteinD．eatingtomakeusstrong【解析】主旨大意題。第一段的最后一句是本文的中心句，根據(jù)本句的內(nèi)容可知最佳標(biāo)題是“吃出好心情”?！敬鸢浮緼Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空【導(dǎo)學(xué)號(hào)：33100039】(2023·陜西西安高二模擬)Oncetherelivedarichman1.wantedtodosomethingforthepeopleofhistown.2.firsthewantedtofindoutwhethertheydeservedhishelp.Inthecentreofthemainroadintothetown,heplaced3.verylargestone.Thenhe4.(hide)behindatreeandwaited.Soonanoldmancamealongwithhiscow.“Whoputthisstoneinthecentreoftheroad？”saidtheoldman，buthedidnottrytoremovethestone.Instead,withsomedifficultyhepassedaroundthestoneandcontinuedonhisway.5.mancamealonganddidthesamething；thenanothercame,andanother.Allofthemcomplainedaboutthestonebutnottriedtoremoveintheafternoonayoungmancamealong.Hesawthestone,6.(say)tohimself:“Thenight7.(be)verydark.Someneighborswillcomealong8.(late)inthedarkandwillfallagainstthestone.”Thenhebegantomovethestone.Hepushedandpulledwithallhis9.(strong)tomoveit,only10.(find)abagofmoneyunderthestone.Imaginehowsurprisedhewas!1．【解析】who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾arichman?！敬鸢浮縲ho2．【解析】but表示轉(zhuǎn)折?！敬鸢浮緽ut3．【解析】averylargestone一塊非常大的石頭?！敬鸢浮縜4．【解析】短文用一般過(guò)去時(shí)敘述了一個(gè)故事?！敬鸢浮縣id5．【解析】前文提到anoldman，此處指另一個(gè)人。【答案】Another6．【解析】say與he為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用saying。【答案】saying7．【解析】晚上將會(huì)很黑，由下文willcome也可知用將來(lái)時(shí)?！敬鸢浮縲illbe8．【解析】副詞作狀語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮縧ater9．【解析】形容詞性物主代詞后應(yīng)該用名詞。【答案】strength10．【解析】onlytodo表示意料之外的結(jié)果?！敬鸢浮縯ofindⅣ.概要寫(xiě)作閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。(2023·浙江寧海中學(xué)高二期中考試)Inschoolsandathome，mostofushavebeenscoldedorevengotpunishedformajorityofpeoplesaythatbydaydreamingwewasteourtimeandenergyinsomethingthatisnothinglessthanunproductivemanymedicalstudieshaveshowedsomething'vestressedonthefactthatdaydreamingworkswondersonourimaginationpower，creativityandsituation-handlingfact，manyproblemscanbeeasilysolvedifwedaydream.Thetopmostbenefitofdaydreamingisthatyourmoodgetstherightseparatingyourselffromtheworldaroundyou，youtendtoenjoythealonenessinyourmindandgetpeacefromdaydreamingasyouthinkaboutsomethingthatcalmsyouryoustartimaginingthingswhiledaydreaming，youtendtoforgetallthestressand，yougethappinessfromitandthishappinesschangesintoasourceofenergythathelpsyouinworkinginagoodmood.Manypsychologistshavesaidthatpeoplewhodaydreamtendtohaveasharper'struethatwhenyou'redaydreaming，youtendtog