狄更斯英文介紹

CharlesDickens查爾斯·狄更斯Introuction

CharlesJohnHuffamDickens(7February1812–9June1870)wasanEnglishwriterandsocialcritic.Hecreatedsomeoftheworld'smostwell-knownfictionalcharactersandisgenerallyregardedasthegreatestnovelistoftheVictorianperiod.Duringhislife,hisworksenjoyedunprecedented（史無前例的，空前的）fame,andbythetwentiethcenturyhewaswidelyseenasaliterarygenius['d?inj?s]bycriticsandscholars.Hisnovelsandshortstoriescontinuetobewidelypopular.LifetimeBorninPortsmouth,England,Dickenswasforcedtoleaveschooltoworkinafactory

whenhisfatherwasthrownintodebtors'prison.Althoughhehadlittleformaleducation,hisearlyimpoverishmentdrovehimtosucceed.Overhiscareerheeditedaweeklyjournalfor20years,wrote15novels,fivenovellasandhundredsofshortstoriesandnon-fictionarticles,lecturedandperformedextensively,wasanindefatigableletterwriter,andcampaignedvigorouslyforchildren'srights,education,andothersocialreforms.狄更斯出生在英國樸茨茅斯，在他的父親因債務(wù)被投入監(jiān)獄之后，他離開了學(xué)校去工廠上班。雖然他只接受了一點兒的正規(guī)教育，但是他早期的貧困經(jīng)歷促使他走向了成功。在他的職業(yè)生涯中，他為了一個周刊做了20年的編輯，寫了15部小說，5部中篇小說，以及數(shù)百計的短篇故事和非小說類文章，他還不斷地演講和表演，是一位不知疲倦的多產(chǎn)作家。同時，他還為了兒童權(quán)利、教育、和其他社會改革進(jìn)行積極的競選。LiteraryStyle?Fantasticoptimism充滿幻想的樂觀精神?Novelapicaresca“流浪漢小說”的結(jié)構(gòu)模式?Exaggeration夸張的藝術(shù)手法?GentleReformismandstronghumanitarian溫和的改良主義和強(qiáng)烈的人道主義?Hecriticisebourgeoisandtheirmorality對資產(chǎn)者及道德的辛辣批判?Explorationofman'sinnerconflicts尖銳的矛盾沖突主導(dǎo)情節(jié)設(shè)計?Humorandsatiresocialcriticism幽默、尖銳的社會批判Forexample,thenameMr.MurdstoneinDavidCopperfieldstandsbymurderandstonycoldness.Hecallsonecharacterthe"NobleRefrigerator"—areoftenpopular.Comparingorphanstostocksandshares,peopletotugboats,ordinner-partygueststofurniturearejustsomeofDickens'sacclaimedflightsoffancy.舉個例子：《大衛(wèi)科波菲爾》中摩德斯通先生的名字讓人想起了謀殺和無情的冷漠雙重意思。他的文學(xué)風(fēng)格也混合了幻想和現(xiàn)實主義。他把對英國貴族的勢力和諷刺經(jīng)常很流行，例如把一個人物稱為”高貴的冰箱“。把嬰兒比作股票和股份，把人比作商船，把宴會上的客人比作家具只僅僅是地封死被贊揚的精彩想象中的一部分。DifferentPeriodsofWorksEarlyWorks(1833---1841)Thought:Hecouldn'trecognizethereality,sohestillhavethehopewiththekindofbourgeois.TheKeynotesofWorks:optimismWritingTechniques:TheStructureofPicaresqueNovelsTheplotcoincidenceTheBritishSenseofHumourMasterworksThePickwickPapers《匹克威克先生外傳》OliverTwist《霧都孤兒》NicholasNickleby

《尼古拉斯·尼克貝》Medium-termWorks(1842-1857)Thought:Histhoughtwereprofoundthanearlytime.Hisworkscouldreflectsociallifemoreprofoundlythanbefore.TheKeynotesofWorks:AlittledesolateWritingTechniques:ThestructuralintegrityMoreexaggeratedandhumoroustechniquesMasterworksDavidCopperfield

《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》AChristmasCarol

《圣誕頌歌》DombeyandSon

《董貝父子》LateWorks(1858---Deaths)Thoughts:

ContinuelyprofoundTheKeynotesofWorks:DeeplyandausterelyWritingTechniques:

?Veryrigorousstructure

?Fullofsuspenseand?symbolization

?LesshumorousMasterworksATaleofTwoCities

《雙城記》GreatExpectations

《遠(yuǎn)大前程》OurMutualFriend

《我們共同的朋友》ATaleofTwoCitiesItwasthebestoftimes,itwastheworstoftimes,itwastheageofwisdom,itwastheageoffoolishness,itwastheepochofbelief,itwastheepochofincredulity,itwastheseasonofLight,itwastheseasonofDarkness,Enjoyitwasthespringofhope,itwasthewinterofdespair,wehadeverythingbeforeus,wehadnothingbeforeus,wewereallgoingdirecttoHeaven,wewereallgoingdirecttheotherway“那是最昌明的時世，那是最衰微的時世；那是睿智開化的歲月，那是混沌愚昧的歲月；那是信仰篤誠的年代，那是疑云重重的年代；那是陽光燦爛的季節(jié)，那是長夜晦暗的季節(jié)；那是欣欣向榮的春天，那是死氣沉沉的冬天；我們眼前無所不有，我們眼前一無所有；我們都徑直奔向天堂，我們都徑直奔向另一條路。”TheInfluence

Dickensexposeandcriticizeinhisworksallthepoverty,injustice,hypocrisyandcorruptnessheseesallaroundhim.Dickens'snovelsofferamostcompleteandrealisticpictureoftheEnglish.?Hisnovelstellmuchoftheexperiencesofhischildhood.?Almostallhisnovelshavehappyendings.?Dickensisagreathumorist.?Dickensisapettybourgeoisintellectualwriter.DeathCharlesDickensdiesbystrokeonJune9,1870andhewasburiedatWestminsterAbbeyinthePoet'sCorner."Hewasasympathisertothepoor,thesuffering,andtheoppressed;andbyhisdeath,oneofEngland'sgreatestwritersislosttotheworld."

1870年6月9日狄更斯因腦溢血與世長辭，他去世后被安葬在西敏寺的