英漢 成語短語翻譯講解

C-ETranslationLecture4漢語成語與四字短語的英譯IdiomsIdiom

wordscollocatedintoafossilizedterm結(jié)構(gòu)固定

anexpression,word,orphrasethathasafigurativemeaning蘊(yùn)含比喻意義；Idiomsusuallydonottranslatewell;insomecases,whentranslatedintoanotherlanguage,eitheritsmeaningischangedoritismeaningless

翻譯操作難度大Chengyuliterally“setphrases”；oftenreferredtoasChineseidiomsorfour-characteridioms(>95%ofall);2.mostlyderivedfromancientliterature;oftenintimatelylinkedwiththemyth,storyorhistoricalfactfromwhichtheywerederived.

常有歷史淵源3.highlycompactandsynthetic,notfollowingtheusualgrammaticalstructureandsyntaxofthemodernChinesespokenlanguage

結(jié)構(gòu)精煉

ContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms對(duì)等：喻體、喻義相似2.部分對(duì)等：喻義相似、喻體不同喻體相似，喻義不同喻體多種，喻義相似3.無對(duì)等：喻體帶有獨(dú)特文化背景ContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms對(duì)等：喻體、喻義相似趁熱打鐵空中樓閣渾水摸魚晴天霹靂隔墻有耳strikewhiletheironishotcastleintheairfishinthetroubledwateraboltfromtheblueWallshaveearsContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms2.部分對(duì)等：喻義相似、喻體不同血流如注一貧如洗健壯如牛美中不足甕中之鱉TobleedlikeapigAspoorasachurchmouseAsstrongasahorseAflyintheointmentAratinaholeContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms2.部分對(duì)等：喻體相似，喻義不同

行尸走肉拖后腿≠Walkingskeleton/corpse≠

Pullone’slegWalkingdeadHoldsbbackContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms2.部分對(duì)等：喻體多種，喻義相似左右為難進(jìn)退維谷騎虎難下·Atanonplus·

Betweenthedevilandthedeadsea·

Betweenthetwofires·Betweenthehornsofadilemma·

Holdawolfbytheear·

WithonesbacktothewallContrastiveAnalysisChengyuVsEnglishidioms3.無對(duì)等：喻體帶有獨(dú)特文化背景東施效顰葉公好龍四面楚歌南柯一夢(mèng)AJudaskissCatch-22situationTranslatingChengyu1.代換（replacement）：用對(duì)等或相似的英文表達(dá)來代換漢語中的形象。SomeChineseidiomscanbetranslatedwithequivalenceortheclosestequivalenceinEnglishidioms.

眼不見,心不煩赴湯蹈火洗心革面

Outofsight,outofmindGothroughfireandwater

Turnoveranewleaf

TranslatingChengyu代換/套譯replacement……鬼鬼祟祟，倒嚇我一跳。什么好下流種子！所謂“物以類聚，人以群分”，此語不錯(cuò)。…,actinginthishole-and-cornerway?Yougavemequiteafright,yousneakydevil!…itwasagenuinecase“l(fā)ikeattractslike”or“birdsofafeatherflocktogether”.

TranslatingChengyu2.直譯(literaltranslation)：保留漢語成語的形象生動(dòng)，同時(shí)實(shí)現(xiàn)交流。適用于按字面翻譯能夠：a.使英語讀者得到正確無誤的形象意義;b.使英語讀者聯(lián)想起對(duì)等成語；c.漢語成語本身沒有形象的比喻意義，字面意義既是其實(shí)際意義對(duì)牛彈琴涸澤而漁攻其不備

Playthelutetothecow(castpearlsbeforeswine)Drainthepondtocatchthefish（Killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs）Strike/attacksbunprepared)TranslatingChengyu直譯Literaltranslation寶玉笑道：“我就是個(gè)‘多愁多病的身’，你就是那‘傾國(guó)傾城的貌’?！摈煊衤犃?，不覺連腮帶耳的通紅了。I’mtheone‘sickwithlonging,’”Bao-yujoked,“Andyoursisthebeautywhichcaused‘citiesandkingdomstofall’.”Tai-yuflushedtothetipsofherears.TranslatingChengyu直譯Literaltranslation王夫人便道：“‘臨陣磨槍’，也不中用！……”“‘It’snousesharpeningyourspearjustbeforeabattle,’”warnedLadyWang.TranslatingChengyu3.（直譯）加注(annotation)：有些情況下，直譯未能有效傳達(dá)原文形象，可以通過加注實(shí)現(xiàn)文化內(nèi)涵的傳遞。事后諸葛亮

八仙過海，各顯神通Eightfairies/immortalscrossthesea,

eachoneshowinghisorherspecialprowess(eightimmortalsarefromChineseTaoismfolklore)

BeawisemanlikeZhugeLiangaftertheevent(ZhugeLiangisthesymbolofwisdominChinesehistory)TranslatingChengyu4.意譯：有些情況下，直譯不能傳達(dá)文化意義，代換又流損源語風(fēng)味，過多解釋有失精辟，可以舍棄文化背景，譯出成語內(nèi)涵。適用于：

帶有獨(dú)特中國(guó)文化背景，字面含有中國(guó)古代的人名、地名，或者源自寓言或歷史的典故。四面楚歌懸梁刺股Bebesiegedon/fromallsidesExtremelyhard-workinginone’sstudyTranslatingChengyu4.意譯：得隴望蜀，人之常情……It’sonlynaturalformantobehangerformore…Givehimaninchandhewilltakeanell（ayard）.Translating

Four-CharacterPhrases四字短語體現(xiàn)了中華民族的傳統(tǒng)美學(xué)思想。音美：音韻和諧，節(jié)奏明快形美：結(jié)構(gòu)工整，氣勢(shì)磅礴意美：凝練含蓄，內(nèi)涵豐富披荊斬棘奮筆疾書乘風(fēng)破浪Translating

Four-CharacterPhrases漢語四字短語的翻譯，宜以傳意為主，兼顧形式。轉(zhuǎn)換之前應(yīng)認(rèn)真分析，辨明詞義的虛實(shí)或繁復(fù)重疊，譯實(shí)避虛，取菁去冗。

出爾反爾，狂妄自大，我才不會(huì)與他這樣的怪胎打交道呢！Heisafreakofbroken-promisesandarrogance.NowayIwillmixwithhim.Translating

Four-CharacterPhrases她嬌柔嫵媚，楚楚動(dòng)人，他不禁怦然心動(dòng)。

“那是陰謀……”語音剛落，老人奄奄一息，撒手人寰。Shewassuchasweetangelthathefellforherimmediately.“Itwasaplot….”Withthat,theoldmanbreathedhislast.TranslatingXiehouyu--

Two-partallegoricalsayingsVersionsoftranslatedterms：Quiz-cracks

(俏皮話)EnigmaticfolksimilesChinesefolkwisecracks(俏皮話)諸葛亮皺眉頭：忠孝信

水仙不開花Faultsarethickwhereloveisthin計(jì)上心來無義裝蒜TranslatingXiehouyu歇后語是廣大民眾根據(jù)豐富的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)創(chuàng)造出來的特殊的幽默語言品類，是中式幽默的一個(gè)分支。歇后語絕大部分發(fā)源并流傳于民間，成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钪幸环N喜聞樂見的語言形式。它仿佛是一個(gè)裝得鼓鼓囊囊的笑料布袋，隨時(shí)都可以露出一串令人噴飯的笑話來。歇后語通過運(yùn)用比喻、諧音、雙關(guān)等修辭手法，嬉笑怒罵中使表達(dá)更加犀利、辛辣、干脆痛快，使語言具有質(zhì)樸的藝術(shù)魅力。

/en/2004-10-20/26730.htmlTranslatingXiehouyu--

Two-partallegoricalsayingsLiteraltranslation對(duì)于比喻和喻義具有普世性（universality）,且不含雙關(guān)的比喻式歇后語，可以直譯，既能傳達(dá)漢語的形象性，又可以為英語讀者欣賞?；实鄣呐畠骸怀罴辴hedaughteroftheemperor--neednotworrythatshecannotsoonbewed

TranslatingXiehouyu--

Two-partallegoricalsayings2.Replacement由于語言差異無法保留漢語的形象時(shí)，套用英語讀者熟悉的形象，達(dá)到語義對(duì)等。鷸蚌相爭(zhēng)--漁翁得利

Whenshepherds