中考復(fù)習(xí)專題被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE6中考復(fù)習(xí)專題被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)含練習(xí)定義與用法英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)分主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：Everybodyrespectshim.大家都尊敬他。(主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))Heisrespectedbyeverybody.他受到大家的尊敬。(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))二、8種基本時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am(is,are)+過(guò)去分詞一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was(were)+過(guò)去分詞一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：willbe+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：wouldbe+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：am(is,are)being+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：was(were)being+過(guò)去分詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：has(have)been+過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：hadbeen+過(guò)去分詞三、含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)其結(jié)構(gòu)為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞”。如：Thiscan’tbedoneinashorttime.這不是短期內(nèi)可以完成的。Thisneedn’tbementionedintheletter.這在信中不必提及。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的不定式可以用完成式。如：Canthishavebeendonebyachild?這能是一個(gè)孩子做的事嗎?ThedoormusthavebeenlockedbyJim.門一定是吉姆鎖的。四、主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的若干情形連系動(dòng)詞(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等)要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫B系動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，它們沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.這座建筑看上去很美。Yourideaprovedtobewrong.你的想法證實(shí)是錯(cuò)的。當(dāng)open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物動(dòng)詞且表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性時(shí)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義：Thedoorwon’tshut.這門關(guān)不上。Thebooksellsquickly.這書銷售得快。有的動(dòng)詞本身含有被動(dòng)意味，通常用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)含義。如：Hercoatcaughtonthenail.她的大衣被釘子鉤住了。Hereyesfilledwithtears.她眼睛里充滿了眼淚。不定式toblame,tolet用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：Whoistoblame?該怪誰(shuí)呢？Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。某些“be+形容詞+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中的不定式通常要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.這書很難懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.這音樂(lè)不好聽(tīng)。Thepictureisinterestingtolookat.這幅畫看起來(lái)挺有趣的。注：這類結(jié)構(gòu)的特點(diǎn)是句子主語(yǔ)就是其后不定式的邏輯賓語(yǔ)，按理說(shuō)其中的不定式要用被動(dòng)形式，但習(xí)慣上卻要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。這類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,safe,tough,tricky,unpleasant等。不定式用于某些動(dòng)詞(如have,havegot,get,want,need等)的賓語(yǔ)后作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)，通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有時(shí)間幫助我們嗎?Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想喝點(diǎn)什么。注：若不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是句子的主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)用被動(dòng)式，比較：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些東西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些東西要打(字)。(指請(qǐng)人打字)在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth這兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，若句子主語(yǔ)與其后不定式為todosth被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則該不定式通常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(有時(shí)也可直接用被動(dòng)式)。如：Thewritingistoofainttoread.這筆跡太模糊，看不清。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.這些箱子不夠牢，不能用作站臺(tái)。beworth后的動(dòng)名詞要用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。如：Thismovieisworthseeing.這部影片值得一看。She’snotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生氣。注：與worth相似的worthy卻不一樣，其后不接動(dòng)名詞而接不定式(若接動(dòng)名詞則其前應(yīng)有介詞of)，且要用被動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)含義：Thisbookisworthytoberead[ofbeingread].這本書值得一讀。在need,want,require等少數(shù)表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義。如：Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打掃了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.這些孩子需要照看。Thiswallrequiresrepairing.這面墻需要修理了。注：該結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)名詞改用不定式則要用被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)。如：Thehouseneedstobecleaned.房子需要打掃了。Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.這些孩子需要照看。課后練習(xí)一()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused二()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished三()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't四()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do五()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am六()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended七()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild八()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung九()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptoth