浙江大學(xué)英語(yǔ)課件8

Unit8NatureandNurturePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingGlobalReadingOrganizationAnalysisQuestionsandAnswersUnderstandingSpecificInformationPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingOrganizationAnalysisDirections:

Workinpairsandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyougetfromthepassage.Partoftheoutlinehasbeendoneforyou.1)Introduction.(para.1)Nocharacteristiciscausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes.Topic:PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading2)Researchontherelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironment.

(para.2-8)A.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedtogether.(para.2)Findings:Theyareremarkablyalikeinbothappearanceandbehavior.Implication:Individualswiththe

,whenraisedinthe

,willrespondtoitinmuchthesameway.B.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartinsimilarenvironments.(para.3-4)samegenessameenvironmentPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingFindings:Theyexhibitedgreat

and

likenesses.Implication:Thisdoesnotinformusofthepowerofgenesandthelimitationoftheeffectoftheenvironment.C.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironments.(para.5-8)FindingsofacasestudyonGladysandHelen:Theirsimilarities:Their

,

,

,and

wereverysimilar.teethhaircolorweightheightphysicalpsychologicalPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingTheirdifferencesinpersonality:Helenwas

,

,madethemostofher

,andshowed

insocialrelationships;whileGladyswas

,

,

andwithout

.Implication:Genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.3)Conclusion.(para.9)

confidentgracefulpersonalappearanceconsiderablepolishandeaseshyself-consciousquietcharmingorgracefulmannersWhatwecandoissetbythegenes,butwhatweactuallydoislargelydeterminedbytheenvironment.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingQuestionsandAnswersIsthereanycharacteristiccausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes?No,thereisn’t.2)Whatarethefindingsofthestudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartinsimilarenvironment?Thetwinsarepsychologicallyandphysicallysimilartoeachother.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading3)Whatarethefindingsofthestudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironments?

Theyhavesimilarphysicaltraitsbutdifferentpsychologicaltraits.

4)Whatismoreresponsibleforphysicalappearancesuchasweight,height,haircolorandteeth?

Nature,thatis,heredity.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading5)Whatismoreresponsibleforone’smannersinsociallives?

Nurture,forexample,one’seducation,experiencesandsoon.

6)WhatdoestheexampleofHelenandGladystellus?

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.Thesocialenvironmentpeoplegrowupinalsoplaysavitalrole.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading7)Heredityorenvironment,whichisstrongerinmakingwhatoneis?

Bothareimportant.It’shardtojustifywhichisstronger.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingUnderstandingSpecificInformation

1)One’sappearanceandbehaviordependcompletelyongenes.

2)Twinsaremorelikelytodevelopsevereillnessesiftheyareraisedapart.

3)Helenreceivedagoodeducationbecauseherfosterparentswerewelleducated.

4)HelenandGladysgrewupincompletelydifferentenvironment.Directions:

Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalsebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalse.FFFFPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading

5)GladyswassimilartoHeleninphysicalappearance.

6)ThedifferencesbetweenHelenandGladysintheirbehaviorweretheresultofthedifferenteducationtheyhadreceived.

7)HelenandGladysappearedinthesameadvertisement.

8)Genespredictone’spotentialsandenvironmentdetermineone’srealperformance.TTTFSentenceStudy語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練No+NP+without構(gòu)成雙重否定，表達(dá)肯定意義。其中no修飾的名詞短語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)。譯文

…weseethattherecanbenodevelopmentwithouttheinteractingenvironment.

(Line7P1)

Example在有些國(guó)家里,沒(méi)有當(dāng)面接觸就做不成大生意,需要面對(duì)面的交談。Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconducted

withouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.未經(jīng)出版社同意不得以任何形式進(jìn)行復(fù)制。Nootherreproductioninanyformispermittedwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishinghouse.Example沒(méi)有放大鏡，一種讓東西顯得大一些的特殊玻璃，誰(shuí)也認(rèn)不清這些印的極小的字體。Noonecanreadthesemicroprintswithoutamagnifyingglass,aspecialglassthatmakesthingslookbigger.

…weseethattherecanbenodevelopmentwithouttheinteractingenvironment.

譯文……我們就會(huì)明白，沒(méi)有與其相互作用的環(huán)境，就不可能有任何個(gè)人的發(fā)展。

Therelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironmentaremostclearlyobservableinidenticaltwins.

(Line1P2)句型應(yīng)用The(relative)effectsof…are(mostclearly)observable.效果/影響是顯而易見(jiàn)的完全可以看出……的影響

譯文Example在周圍的田地和河流中完全可以看到這個(gè)新工廠對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。Theenvironmentaleffectofthisnewfactoryismostclearlyobservableinthesurroundingfieldandriver.這些炸彈影響的結(jié)果已非常清楚地寫(xiě)在這些男人、女人和孩子的臉上。Theeffectofthebombs

wasmostclearlyobservableinthefaceofmen,women,andchildren.Example當(dāng)他們加入到一種陌生的文化中時(shí)，文化休克的結(jié)果在毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的參觀者身上極其顯著。Theeffectofcultureshockismostclearlyobservableintheunpreparedvisitorswhentheyareinvolvedinastrangeculture.

Therelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironmentaremostclearlyobservableinidenticaltwins.

譯文遺傳和環(huán)境的相對(duì)影響在同卵雙胞胎中最易觀察到。句型應(yīng)用nomore…than

和……一樣不；比……更不；非常不nomorethan(=only)

不過(guò)，僅僅譯文

Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

(Line1P4)

句型應(yīng)用“Nomoresignificantdifferencesthanexisted”的完整形式是“Nomoresignificantdifferencethanthedifferencesthatexisted”。譯文

Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

Example他和我們一樣不是上帝。HeisnomoreaGodthanus.她匆匆走進(jìn)房間，對(duì)站在外面的孩子們只是漫不經(jīng)心地瞟了一眼。Shehurriedintotheroomwithnomorethan

acasualglanceatthechildrenstandingoutside.Example金錢(qián)不過(guò)是我們的仆人。Money

is

no

more

than

our

servant.中國(guó)沒(méi)有其它地方像桂林一樣可以讓人記住你們美麗的國(guó)家。NoplaceinChinacanproducemorememoriesofthebeautyofyourcountrythanGuilin.Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

譯文……雙胞胎之間的差異并不比一起長(zhǎng)大的雙胞胎之間的差異更顯著。語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.

(Line68)

這是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句要倒裝。該句相當(dāng)于：Thoughtheyareimportant,...“形容詞/副詞+as/though+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”句型，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文ExamplePoorashewas(thoughhewaspoor),hewashonest.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idon’tlikehimasaman.Teacherasheis,hecannotfinishtaskinanhour.Bravethoughtheywere,theyhadnochanceofwinning.請(qǐng)選擇正確的答案。Exercise___________,theydidtheirbesttohelpus.A)YoungastheyareB)YoungastheywereC)Strongastheyare.D)Powerfulastheywere___________,hecan’tworkouttheproblem.A)AscleverashewasB)ThoughhemaybecleverC)Cleverashewas.

D)Cleverthoughhemaybe___________,theyfishedinwater.A)AsitwascoldB)AscolditwasC)ColdasthewaterwasD)ColdasitwasBDD

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.

(Line9P9)譯文

盡管基因非常重要，但是基因本身決不能完全決定任何一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。

WordsandPhrasesheredity(n.)

(Line4,Para1)[U]thepassingonofqualitiesfromparenttochildinthecellsofthebody遺傳；遺傳性

Somediseasesdevelopbecauseoftheconditionsonelivesin;othersarepresentbyheredity.有些孩子性情溫和似乎是遺傳所致。Somechildrenseemtobegentlebyheredity.有些疾病是由于人居住的環(huán)境形成的，有些是遺傳的緣故。Translationheritage

使用最廣泛，不僅指一般的遺產(chǎn)，也指世代相傳的具有特色的精神財(cái)富或物質(zhì)財(cái)富。比較

heritage,

heredity

和

inheritance

詞匯辨析heredity

特指生物遺傳。inheritance

指繼承這一行為，不指繼承的東西。為抽象名次。請(qǐng)用heritage,heredity或inheritance填空。Exercise他將從姑母那里繼承來(lái)的財(cái)產(chǎn)捐給了當(dāng)?shù)毓聝涸?。Theestatehereceived__________byfromhisauntwasdonatedtothelocalorphanage.公正比賽是我們的傳統(tǒng)。Fairplayispartofour_______.heritageinheritance我們的膚色取決于遺傳。Thecolourofourskinisdueto_________.heredityinteract(v.)

(Line8,Para.1)

(+on/with)haveaneffectoneachotherorsomethingelse

互相作用，互相影響大學(xué)生，社會(huì)Wecollegestudentsshouldactivelyinteractwiththesociety.Wecollegestudentsshouldbeinactiveinteractionwiththesociety.各國(guó)，互相作用Ininternationalaffairs,allcountriesareinterrelatedandinteractoneachother.

請(qǐng)用下面的提示詞造句。Exerciseidentical(adj.nocomp.)(Line3,Para.2)1.(+with/to)exactlyalike

完全相同的，完全一樣的2.thesame同一的請(qǐng)辨析下列句子中identical的含義。ExerciseThisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.a.相同的b.同一的Noleavesareidentical.a.相同的b.同一的

同一天Botheventshappenedontheidenticalday.聲音相同Yourvoiceisidenticaltoyourbrothers.Youandyourbrotherhavealmostidenticalvoices.請(qǐng)用下面的提示詞造句。Exerciseresemblance(n.)(Line7,Para.3)thefactoraninstanceofbeinglikeorsimilartoantherpersonorthing相似，類似resemble

(v.)lookorbe

like像，似這對(duì)同卵雙胞胎(theidenticaltwins)長(zhǎng)相相似但性格不同。這個(gè)贗品(counterfeit)與徐悲鴻的真跡極其相似。Thereisastrongresemblance

betweentheauthenticworkofXuBeihongandthecounterfeit.Theidenticaltwinsresembleeachotherinappearancebutnotincharacter.Translationsubstantially(Line12,Para.4)substance(n.)

1.(C)amaterial;typeofmatter

物；物質(zhì)2.(the+,U)theimportantpart;therealmeaning實(shí)質(zhì)；本質(zhì)；主旨；大意請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下面的對(duì)話。ExerciseStudentA:Whataretheydiscussing?StudentB:___________________________ishowoftenandhowlongastudentcansurfonline.

(他們討論的主題)Thesubstanceoftheirdiscussion請(qǐng)根據(jù)提示完成下面的對(duì)話。ExerciseStudent:Whatiswater?Teacher:Waterisa___________________.(生命必須的物質(zhì))

substancevitaltolifesubstantial(adj.)

1.solid;stronglymade

牢固的；結(jié)實(shí)的

2.noticeable;important;ofsomesizeorvalue

顯著的；重要的；有價(jià)值的substantially(adv.)quite

a

lot相當(dāng)大地盡管年輕，他已為這個(gè)工程作出了相當(dāng)大的貢獻(xiàn)。出國(guó)留學(xué)意味著在生活上作出重大改變。Tostudyabroadindicatestomakesubstantialchangesinlife.Thoughyoung,hehassubstantiallycontributedtotheproject.Translationillustrate(v.)(Line20,Para.4)1.(+by/with)makethemeaning(ofsomething)clearerbygivingrelatedexamples闡明，說(shuō)明2.(+with)putpicturesinabook,article,etc.給……作插圖說(shuō)明請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Exercise他通過(guò)講述自身的體驗(yàn)來(lái)闡明他的論點(diǎn)。He________________byrelatinghisownexperience.illustratedhispoint如果你給這本兒童讀物配上插圖，它就更暢銷了。Ifyou_______________________,itwillsellmuchbetter.illustratethischildrenbook請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Exercisedemonstrate意為“示范；說(shuō)明”。通常通過(guò)動(dòng)作示范來(lái)說(shuō)明。demonstrate和illustrate詞匯辨析illustrate通過(guò)給出實(shí)例、圖表等來(lái)說(shuō)明。這些數(shù)據(jù)表明這臺(tái)電腦性能良好。Thedata_________thatthiscomputerworkedwell.illustrated請(qǐng)用demonstrate和illustrate填空。Exercise我們的工作人員會(huì)隨時(shí)為您演示這臺(tái)電腦的功能。Ourstaffmembersarealwaysreadyto__________howthiscomputerworks.demonstrateresume(v.)

(Line6,Para.6)

1)startdoingsomethingagainafterstoppingorbeinginterrupted(中斷之后)繼續(xù)2)takeagain重新占用請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Exercise失敗后他很快就重振精神，投入新的工作。He________________andthrewhimselfintothenewworksoonafterthefailure.resumedhisspirits他的臉上很快就又露出自信的神情。Hisfacequickly___________________________.resumedits人們期望在交通高峰前恢復(fù)交通。____________________________beforetherushhour.Trafficisexpectedtoberesumed請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。Exerciseconfidentexpression女士們，先生們，請(qǐng)回到原來(lái)的坐位。_____________________,ladiesandgentlemen.Kindlyresumeyourseatsdistinguish(v.)(Line6,Para.7)1)hear,see,orrecognize辨認(rèn)出；看清楚；聽(tīng)清楚2)(+from/between)makeorrecognizedifferences辨別；區(qū)別；

3)behave(oneself)noticeablywell

使出眾，使揚(yáng)名根據(jù)他的制服很容易把他辨認(rèn)出來(lái)。Heiseasily__________hisuniform.A.distinguishedby B.recognizeby

TranslationA（認(rèn)出）Translation他在與美國(guó)的商業(yè)談判中表現(xiàn)突出。有時(shí)人們無(wú)法謹(jǐn)慎地區(qū)別事實(shí)和傳言。Everysooften,peoplecannotcarefullydistinguishbetweenfactsandrumors.HedistinguishedhimselfinthecommercialnegotiationwithAmerica.distinguished(adj.)markedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame

著名的，杰出的distinguishable

(adj.)thatcanbeclearlyseen,heard,orrecognizedasdifferent清晰可見(jiàn)的；可辨別的請(qǐng)用distinguished和distinguishable填空。ExerciseA:CanyoudistinguishaBUICKLESABREfromothercars?B:Ofcourse!Itsexteriorisrather_____________.What’smore,itis___________foritsquality.

distinguishabledistinguishedbeliableto(Line6,Para.9)1)易于……的；有……傾向的；應(yīng)受（處罰的）；易遭；易患2)+v.容易做……A:Nosmoking,please!B:Whatif?A:____________________________________.A:Ah,winteriscoming!B:PoorSusan!_______________________.A:Solongitisnotbirdflu.

(她冬天易患流感。)

(違者將處以最多可達(dá)100英鎊的罰款。)TranslationOffendersareliabletofinesofupto￡100Sheisliabletofluinwinterbeliableto(Line6,Para.9)1)易于……的；有……傾向的；應(yīng)受（處罰的）；易遭；易患2)+v.容易做……TranslationHumanbeingsareliabletomakemistakesunderstress.

人類在壓力之下容易犯錯(cuò)誤。exhibit(v.)

(Line7,Para.9)

1)showaparticularquality,feeling,ortypeofbehavior

顯示，展示2)showsomethinginapublicplacesothatpeoplecangotoseeit展出，展覽，陳列請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。ExerciseThoughnotrich,he____________________forthosehomelesschildrenandmakewhateverefforttohelpthem.(顯示極大關(guān)懷)exhibitedgreatconcernManufacturesare____________________________.(展示新車模型)exhibitingtheirnewmodelcars請(qǐng)完成下面的句子。ExerciseHewill_________________________________inNewYork.

(在公眾面前展出)exhibithispaintingsbeforethepublicUsefulExpressionsThetwinswereraisedinmuchthesamephysicalenvironments.Exceptionsoccurredwhen….Thetwinsareremarkablyalikein….Thetwinsmaintaintheclosestresemblancetoeachotherin….這對(duì)雙胞胎成長(zhǎng)的自然環(huán)境幾乎相同?！瓡r(shí)有例外。這對(duì)雙胞胎在……方面及其相似。thetwins/onetwin/twosetsoftwins/identicaltwins雙胞胎/一對(duì)雙胞胎中的一個(gè)/兩對(duì)雙胞胎/同卵雙胞胎developarathersevereillnessthetwofamiliesfarremovedfromeachother患了相當(dāng)嚴(yán)重的疾病相距甚遠(yuǎn)的兩家Helenmadethemostofherpersonalappearance.海倫充分利用了她外表的優(yōu)勢(shì)。Helenshowedconsiderablepolishandeaseinsocialrelationships.海倫在社交中顯得很從容、有修養(yǎng)。PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingPost-ReadingChoosetheBestExplanationSynonymsCompletetheSentencesCompletetheGappedParagraphPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingChoosetheBestExplanationThetwinswhowerethe

subjects

ofthesestudies...A.thingspeopletalkaboutB.coursestakenbyuniversitystudentsC.peoplebeingtestedorstudied2.

Exceptionsoccurredwhenonetwinhaddevelopedarathersevereillnessand…

A.seriousB.suddenC.intense√√Directions:

Choosethebestexplanationfortheitalicizedwordineachsentence.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading3.

…andGladys’formaleducationcametoanend,andwasnotresumeduntilthefamilymovedtoOntario.

A.assumedB.repeatedC.continued

4.

…andshowedconsiderablepolishandeaseinsocialrelationships.A.abilityB.careC.grace

√√5.

…withoutcharmingorgracefulmanners…

A.waysinwhichonebehavesB.habitsandcustomsC.waysinwhichathingisdone

6.

Consideringthenatureoftheirenvironmentalexperiences…A.worldaroundusB.essentialqualityC.characterofaperson

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading√√PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading7.

Ontheotherhand,traitsthatarenotliabletobeinfluencedbytheenvironmentaremorelikelyto…

A.surelyB.likelyC.able

8.

Whatwecandoissetbythegenes…

A.placedB.determinedC.doubled√√PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingSynonymsDirections:

Completethesentencesbyfillingintheblankswithwordsfromthebox.Someofthewordscanbeusedtwice.Changetheformifnecessary.

alikeidenticallikeresemblesamesimilar1)It’samazinghowcloselyBrianandSteve

eachother.

2)MotherandIareexactly

.Ihaven’tathingincommonwithmyfather.3)

manywomenofherage,shestruggledtofindabalancebetweenhercareerandherchildren.resemblealikeLike4)Thespeechwasstrikingly

toonegivenbytheAmericanPresidentearlierthisyear.

5)Thefurniturewasmadeinmuchthe

wayasitwasover200yearsago.

6)

twinsarealwaysofthe

sexandtheylookalmostexactly

.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingalikeidenticallikeresemblesamesimilarsimilarsamesameIdenticalalikePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingCompletetheSentencesDirections:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateadverbfromthebox.

actuallyabsolutelyapproximatelyeventuallyexclusivelyobviouslyremarkablysimilarlyYoumustbe

silentorthebirdswon’tappear.Seventy-twopercentofthepeople

foundwork,butmainlyinlow-paidservicejobs.Hewasintearsand

veryupset.Menmustwearajacketandtie.

,womenshoulddressquiteformally.absolutelySimilarlyeventuallyobviouslyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading5)Sheplaystheviolin

wellforachildofherage.6)—“Howmanypeoplediedintheplanecrash?”

—

“Idon’tknowtheexactnumber,buttherewere

200peopleontheplane.7)Almostallofthesurroundinglandisowned

byafewveryrichfarmers.8)ItturnsoutthatoneofthechildrenIthoughtwasagirlwas

aboy.

actuallyabsolutelyapproximatelyeventuallyexclusivelyobviouslyremarkablysimilarlyactuallyexclusivelyapproximatelyremarkablyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingTranslationDirections:

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.

Therearenearly24reportedsetsoftwinsinthetown._____________________________________(其中差不多12對(duì)是同卵雙胞胎）2.“Wearewellawareofthisdangerand_______________________________________(不會(huì)盲目采納人們說(shuō)的話。）,”statedMr.Malcom.3.Istillremember_______________________________________(我初次在湖邊遇見(jiàn)你的時(shí)候）；whatyougaveme,allthatyougaveme.ofwhichnearly12areidenticaltwins.won’tblindlyacceptwhatpeoplesaywhenIfirstmetyouonthelakesidePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading4.Whenshecametowritinghercollegeproject,shefoundothermaterial;thiswould___________________________________.(使她更充分地享受該工作的樂(lè)趣。）5.___________________________________(一旦15分鐘的休息結(jié)束）,youmuststartthenextexercisetomaketheexerciseprogrammemoreeffective.6.____________________________(沒(méi)有他們作為志愿者來(lái)工作），wewouldneverbeabletoprovideanyserviceforthosewhoneedit.7.Pearsaretreated____________________________________(與其他一些水果幾乎相同的方法）butareneverwrapped.8.Asimilarmeetingheldatthebeginningoftheyear,____________________________________________________(有包括教師、護(hù)士和醫(yī)生60人參加的）