GB/T 8538-2008飲用天然礦泉水檢驗(yàn)方法

犐犆犛６７．１６０．２０

犡５１

中華人民共和國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

代替ＧＢ／Ｔ８５３８—１９９５

飲用天然礦泉水檢驗(yàn)方法

犕犲狋犺狅犱狊犳狅狉犲狓犪犿犻狀犪狋犻狅狀狅犳犱狉犻狀犽犻狀犵狀犪狋狌狉犪犾犿犻狀犲狉犪犾狑犪狋犲狉

２００８１２２９發(fā)布２００９０４０１實(shí)施

中華人民共和國國家質(zhì)量監(jiān)督檢驗(yàn)檢疫總局

發(fā)布

中國國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化管理委員會(huì)

書

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

目次

前言!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Ⅴ

１范圍!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

２規(guī)范性引用文件!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

３術(shù)語和定義!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１

４方法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２

４．１總則!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２

４．２采集和保存!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４

４．３色度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７

４．４臭和味!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８

４．５可見物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９

４．６渾濁度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９

４．７ｐＨ!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９

４．８溶解性總固體!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１

４．８．１１０５℃干燥重量法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１

４．８．２１８０℃干燥重量法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１

４．９總硬度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２

４．１０總堿度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４

４．１１總酸度!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５

４．１２鉀和鈉!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

４．１２．１火焰發(fā)射光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６

４．１２．２火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１７

４．１２．３離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１８

４．１３鈣!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

４．１３．１乙二胺四乙酸二鈉滴定法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１９

４．１３．２火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２０

４．１４鎂!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

４．１４．１乙二胺四乙酸二鈉滴定法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２１

４．１４．２火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２２

４．１５鐵!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２４

４．１５．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２４

４．１５．２二氮雜菲分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２４

４．１６錳!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

４．１６．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

４．１６．２過硫酸銨分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２５

４．１６．３甲醛肟分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２６

４．１７銅!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

４．１７．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

４．１７．１．１直接法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２８

Ⅰ

書

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

４．１７．１．２萃取法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!２９

４．１７．１．３共沉淀法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３０

４．１７．１．４巰基棉富集法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３２

４．１７．２無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３３

４．１７．３二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸鈉分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３４

４．１８鋅!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３５

４．１８．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３５

４．１８．２鋅試劑環(huán)己酮分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３５

４．１８．３催化示波極譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３７

４．１９總鉻!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３８

４．２０鉛!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３９

４．２０．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３９

４．２０．２無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!３９

４．２０．３催化示波極譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４０

４．２１鎘!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４１

４．２１．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４１

４．２１．２無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４２

４．２１．３催化示波極譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

４．２２汞!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

４．２２．１冷原子吸收法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４３

４．２２．２原子熒光法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４５

４．２３銀!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

４．２３．１無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４６

４．２３．２巰基棉富集高碘酸鉀分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４７

４．２４鍶!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４９

４．２４．１ＥＤＴＡ火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!４９

４．２４．２高濃度鑭火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５０

４．２４．３火焰發(fā)射光譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５１

４．２５鋰!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５２

４．２５．１火焰發(fā)射光譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５２

４．２５．２火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５３

４．２５．３離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５４

４．２６鋇!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５４

４．２７釩!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５５

４．２７．１無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５５

４．２７．２催化極譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５６

４．２７．３沒食子酸催化分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５７

４．２８銻!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５８

４．２８．１氫化物原子熒光法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!５８

４．２８．２氫化物發(fā)生原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６０

４．２９鈷!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６１

４．２９．１亞硝基Ｒ分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６１

４．２９．２火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６２

Ⅱ

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

４．２９．３無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６３

４．３０鎳!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

４．３０．１火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６５

４．３０．２無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６６

４．３１鋁!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

４．３１．１鉻天青Ｓ分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６７

４．３１．２鋁試劑分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!６８

４．３１．３無火焰原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７０

４．３２硒!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７１

４．３２．１二氨基萘熒光法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７１

４．３２．２氫化物發(fā)生原子吸收分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７３

４．３２．３氫化物原子熒光法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７４

４．３３砷!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

４．３３．１二乙氨基二硫代甲酸銀分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７６

４．３３．２鋅硫酸系統(tǒng)新銀鹽分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７７

４．３３．３催化示波極譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!７９

４．３３．４氫化物發(fā)生原子熒光法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８０

４．３４硼酸鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８１

４．３４．１甲亞胺Ｈ分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８１

４．３４．２萃取姜黃素分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８２

４．３４．３姜黃素分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８３

４．３５偏硅酸!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８４

４．３５．１硅鉬黃分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８４

４．３５．２硅鉬藍(lán)分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８５

４．３６氟化物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８６

４．３６．１離子選擇電極法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８６

４．３６．２氟試劑雙波長分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!８８

４．３６．３氟試劑分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９０

４．３６．４離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９１

４．３７氯化物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９３

４．３７．１硝酸銀容量法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９３

４．３７．２離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９５

４．３８碘化物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９５

４．３８．１催化還原分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９５

４．３８．２氣相色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９７

４．３８．３離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!９９

４．３８．４高濃度碘化物比色法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１００

４．３９二氧化碳!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０１

４．４０硝酸鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０２

４．４０．１麝香草酚分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０２

４．４０．２離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０３

４．４０．３紫外分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０３

４．４１亞硝酸鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０４

Ⅲ

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

４．４２碳酸鹽和碳酸氫鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０５

４．４３硫酸鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０７

４．４３．１乙二胺四乙酸二鈉滴定法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０７

４．４３．２鉻酸鋇比色法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１０９

４．４３．３硫酸鋇比濁法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１０

４．４３．４離子色譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１１

４．４４耗氧量!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１１

４．４４．１酸性高錳酸鉀滴定法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１１

４．４４．２堿性高錳酸鉀滴定法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１２

４．４５氰化物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１３

４．４５．１異煙酸吡唑啉酮分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１３

４．４５．２異煙酸巴比妥酸分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１５

４．４５．３流動(dòng)注射在線蒸餾法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１６

４．４６揮發(fā)性酚類化合物!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１７

４．４６．１４氨基安替比林三氯甲烷萃取分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１７

４．４６．２流動(dòng)注射在線蒸餾法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１１９

４．４７陰離子合成洗滌劑!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２１

４．４７．１亞甲藍(lán)分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２１

４．４７．２二氮雜菲萃取分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２２

４．４８礦物油!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２３

４．４８．１紅外分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２３

４．４８．２非分散紅外光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２６

４．４８．３稱量法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２８

４．４８．４紫外分光光度法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１２９

４．４９溴酸鹽!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３０

４．４９．１離子色譜法（氫氧根系統(tǒng)淋洗液）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３０

４．４９．２離子色譜法（碳酸鹽系統(tǒng)淋洗液）!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３２

４．５０總β放射性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３５

４．５０．１薄樣法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３５

４．５０．２活性炭吸附法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３６

４．５１２２６鐳放射性!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１３７

４．５２大腸菌群!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４１

４．５２．１多管發(fā)酵法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４１

４．５２．２濾膜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４６

４．５３糞鏈球菌!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１４８

４．５４銅綠假單胞菌!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５１

４．５５產(chǎn)氣莢膜梭菌!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１５５

附錄Ａ（資料性附錄）飲用天然礦泉水中多種元素的檢驗(yàn)方法———電感耦合等離子體發(fā)射光譜法

和電感耦合等離子體質(zhì)譜法!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!１６０

附錄Ｂ（資料性附錄）飲用天然礦泉水中硫化物、磷酸鹽、氚、菌落總數(shù)的檢驗(yàn)方法!!!!!!１６８

Ⅳ

犌犅／犜８５３８—２００８

前言

本標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代替