非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講解

非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)總結(jié)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用條件一個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)主句（謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞）,又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下,還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)。Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,but

leftherhandbagonherseat.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能名稱(chēng)語(yǔ)法功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√現(xiàn)在分詞√√√√過(guò)去分詞√√√√可充當(dāng)成分:主語(yǔ) ,賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ).一、不定式

不定式運(yùn)用口訣本領(lǐng)最多不定式，主、表、賓、補(bǔ)、定和狀。樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語(yǔ)它不敢。大家千萬(wàn)要當(dāng)心，有時(shí)它把句型改，作主賓時(shí)用“it”,自己在后把身藏。七個(gè)感官三使役，賓補(bǔ)要把to甩開(kāi)；疑問(wèn)詞后接上它，賓語(yǔ)從句可充當(dāng)；邏輯主語(yǔ)不定式，不定式前forsb.;

to前not是否定，各種用法區(qū)別開(kāi)。不定式在七個(gè)感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listento,三個(gè)使役動(dòng)詞let,have,make等后作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),to要省略1.不定式作主語(yǔ)Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.Todotwothingsatatimeistodoneither．2.不定式作賓語(yǔ)Youneedn'tbothertocomeyourself.Theyareconsideringwhattodonext.Somewhowerefamousintheirowntimeswouldfinditdifficulttoachievesuccesstoday.afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire1.Ithinkyou’llgrow________himwhenyouknowhimbetter. A．liking B．tobelike C．tolike D．tobeliking2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.不定式作表語(yǔ)Whatshewantstodomostnowis(to)travelabroad.Themostimportantthingis

totakemeasurestopreventthepollution.主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容或性質(zhì)

HeistomarryRose.表按計(jì)劃要做的事情.4.不定式作定語(yǔ)Ineedapentowritewith.CharlesLindberghisthefirstmantoflytheAtlanticalone.Themeetingtobeheldtomorrowisveryimportant.5.不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Weoftenhearher

singthesongathome.Myteacheraskedme

togothereontime.Shewasconsidered

tohavestolenthemoney.see、watch、notice、hear、listento、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、haveMyadvisorencouraged______asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills.A.formetaking B.metakingC.formetotake D.metotake6.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)Timsatnearthefiretogetwarm.Theathletespractisedhardtowinthematch.相當(dāng)于用inorder(not)to，soas(not)to引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ).1.Helenhadtoshout_____abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard2．Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_______intimeforChristmas. A．inordertohavereceived B．inordertoreceiveC．soastobereceived D．soastobereceiving 3._________moreaboutuniversitycourses,call(920)746-3789.A．Tofindout B．FindingoutC．Findout D．Havingfoundout4.Itwasunbelievablethatthefanswaitedoutsidethegymforthreehoursjust_______alookatthesportsstars. A.had B.having C.tohave D.have7.不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用enoughto，sufficient充足to，onlyto，neverto，so+形容詞/副詞+asto,such+名詞…astodo引導(dǎo)。Wouldyoubesokindastostepthisway,please?Itriedthedoor,onlytofinditlockedinside.HeisbraveenoughtogooutaloneatnightI’mnotsuchafoolastobelievethat.1.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only________thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told2.Hehurriedtothestationonly______thatthetrainhadleft. tofind B.findingC.found D.tohavefound8.不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)常放在表示心理感覺(jué)的形容詞后Iamhappytoseeyou.Shewassadtohearthebadnews.9.不定式的完成式.表示不定式中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作先于主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作。Thenovelwassaidtohavebeenpublished.Iregrettohavebeenwithyouforsomanyyears.seem、appear、besaid、besupposed、bebelieved、bethought、beknown、bereported等動(dòng)詞常用于上面句型。此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時(shí)，但要注意與一般時(shí)的區(qū)別。I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforaminute.對(duì)不起，請(qǐng)稍等。（說(shuō)話時(shí)還未等）I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。（說(shuō)話時(shí)已等了很久）1.Youweresillynot____yourcar.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked2.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen

,butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember.A．tobeheard B．tobehearingC．tohear D．tohaveheard3.----IsBobstillperforming? ----I'mafraidnot.Heissaid________thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.tohaveleft B.toleaveC.tohavebeenleft D.tobeleft10.不定式的省略現(xiàn)象不定式在感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch,notice,lookat,listento,overhear,observe和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。

例Iwatchedhimdisappearinthedistance.介詞but,except,besides后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do,不定式要省去to。例Wedidnothingbut/exceptwaitthen.

不定式符號(hào)to作表語(yǔ)時(shí)的省略。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分有行為動(dòng)詞do,作表語(yǔ)的不定式to可省略。例:WhatIwanttodonowisfindsomebookstoread.1.Acomputerdoesonlywhatthinkingpeople_________.

A.haveitdo

B.haveitdone

C.havedoneit

D.havingitdone

2.We’vemissedthelastbus.I’mafraidwehavenochoicebut_____ataxi.

A.totake

B.taking

C.take

D.taken11.不定式后動(dòng)詞的省略動(dòng)詞love,mean,want,hate,like,

wish,expect,hope，try,intend,plan,refuse,prefer,seem及beglad(pleased,delighted,happy)to等后面接不定式時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)，常省略與上文相同的動(dòng)詞，只保留to不定式符號(hào)。1.---WouldyouliketogototheGreatTheatrewithmetonight.

---______.

A.Yes,IwouldliketogototheGreatTheaterwithyoutonight.

B.I’dloveto,butIhaveanexamtomorrow.

C.No,Iwouldn’t

D.That’sallright

2.---DoesyourbrotherintendtostudyGermany?

---Yes,heintends________.

A./

B.to

C.so

D.that

句式wouldhavedone…,shouldhavedone…,oughttohavedone…,needn’thavedone…,usedtobe…等省略形式為wouldhave,shouldhave,oughttohave,needn’thave,usedtobe,要保留不定式后的be或have。

例---Areyouasailor?

---No,butIusedtobe(asailor).

1.Heaskedmetohelphimrepairhisradio,butIdon’tknow___.todoitB.howtoC.whattodoitD.howtodo2.Hisvoicemademe_____terrible.TofeelB.feelC.feelsD.felt3.Myparentstoldme____peoplewhentheyareintrouble.neverlaughatB.nottolaughatdon’tlaughatD.notlaughat4.It’sbadmanners____rudetopeople.tobeB.areC.beD.tobeing5.It’sinteresting_____ustotakepartinthegames.A.ofB.toC.forD.at6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.AnotmakeBnottomakeCnotmakingDdonotmake7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmynewjob.A.expectedB.toexpectCtobeexpectingDexpects8.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning9.Iwouldlove___tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.going

D.havinggone二、動(dòng)名詞充當(dāng)成分:

主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)1.動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)Seeingisbelieving.Playingchessisfun.It'snousewaitinghere.2.動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)Thenurse'sjobis

lookingafterthepatients.Thenurseislookingafterthepatients.3.動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)①下列動(dòng)詞后只能接動(dòng)名詞：suggest,finish,avoid,stop,can’thelp,mind,enjoy,require,practise,miss,escape,pardon,advise,consider,imagine,keep,appreciate,escape,permit。Doyoumind

myopeningthewindows?②下列動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)接動(dòng)名詞：leaveoff,putoff,giveup,lookforwardto,feellike,havetrouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.devoteto,getusedto,payattentionto,befondof,beworth。IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.4.動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞和它所修飾的詞沒(méi)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系.readingtextasleepingbagawalkingstickrunningwaterdevelopingcountry

IamusedtowatchingTVintheevening.Sheregretnothavingstudiedthecomputerhard.Hisbeinglookeddownuponmadehimsick.Ican'treallystandbeingtreatedlikethat.5.動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby.A.find B.tofindC.onfinding D.infinding2.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview._______theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.Tohavehad B.HavinghadC.Have D.Having練習(xí)3.Ireallycan'tunderstand______herlikethat.youtreat B.youtotreatC.whytreat D.youtreating4.Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldn’trisk_______thegoodopportunity.tolose B.losingC.tobelost D.beinglost三、分詞現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞.充當(dāng)成分:賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ).（一）現(xiàn)在分詞1.現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時(shí)間、原因、伴隨、條件、結(jié)果等狀語(yǔ)。V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ),可表時(shí)間、原因、方式、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)的狀語(yǔ)從句所表達(dá)的意思.Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.=WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschool.Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheclassroom.（方式）Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfindaway.Thoughweighingalmostonehundredjin,theboxwasliftedbyhimwithonehand.Weweresittingbythewindow,talkingaboutwhathappenedyesterday.(伴隨）解析1.當(dāng)v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，若它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前，需用havingdone2.v-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須和主語(yǔ)保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)=Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Thoughitweighes…注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾個(gè)特性。①時(shí)間性。與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生，用一般時(shí)，如發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前時(shí)則用完成式havingdone。②語(yǔ)態(tài)性。與句子的主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系，是主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，被動(dòng)完成”。③人稱(chēng)一致性。分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)。1.______theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.Notcompleting B.NotcompletedC.Notcompleting D.Nothavingcompleted2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.A．whohasmade B．havingmadeC．made D．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.A．caused B．tohavecausedC．tocause D．havingcaused4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.A．Beingseparated B．Havingseparated C．Havingbeenseparated D．Tobeseparated2.現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)1.Thepicture_____onthewallispaintedbymynephew.A.havinghung B.hangingC.hangs D.beinghung2．ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures_____inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toform B.formC.forming D.havingformed3.Theflowers____sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.A.tosmell B.smellingC.smelt D.tobesmelt（二）過(guò)去分詞1.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明原因、時(shí)間、條件等。分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與主句中的主語(yǔ)在邏輯上一致，但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Hergrandfatherbeingill,shehadtostayathomelookingafterhim.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)，大多說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是主句的主語(yǔ)。a、表示時(shí)間Seen

fromthespace,theearthlooksblue.Whenitisseenfromspace,theearthlooksblue.b、表示條件Kept

inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Iftheyarekeptinrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.c、表示原因d、表示伴隨情況e、表示讓步Deeplymoved

bythestory,thechildrenbegantocry.Astheyweredeeplymoved,thechildrenbegantocry.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,followed

byherlittledaughter.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,andwasfollowedbyherlittledaughter.Beaten

bytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.Althoughhewas

beatenbytheenemy,herefusedtoletoutthesecret.1．______withthesizeofthewholeearth,

thebiggestoceandoesnotseembigatall.A．CompareB．WhencomparingC．ComparingD．Whencompared2.________inthemountainsforaweek,thetwostudentswerefinallysavedbythelocalpoliceA.Havinglost B.LostC.Beinglost D.Losing2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,____as3M.A.knowing B.knownC.beingknown D.tobeknown3.分詞作賓補(bǔ)1)跟分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：catch,haveget,keep,hear,find,feel,leave,make,want,start,notice,observe,watch,set等2)在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系；用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)，表示賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldn’tmakehimselfheard.Whenheawoke,hefoundhimselfbeinglookedafterbyanoldwoman.如:1.Don’tleavethewater______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren’sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.worriedB.toworryC.worryingD.worry3.Youshouldunderstandthetrafficrulebynow.You'vehadit_______oftenenough.A.explainingB.toexplainC.explainD.explained非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的其他考點(diǎn):1.主語(yǔ)一致1.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists,________.A.doctorscanetotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists2．Whilewatchingtelevision,__________.A．thedoorbellrangB．thedoorbellringsC．weheardthedoorbellringD．weheardthedoorbellrings2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with+名詞+doingtododone1.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise__________.A.goingon B.goesonC.wenton D.togoon2．________andnowaytoreduceherpainandsufferingfromtheterribledisease,thepatientsoughtherdoctor’shelptoendherlife.A．HavinggivenuphopeofcureB．WithnohopeforcureC．TherebeinghopeforcureD．Inthehopeofcure非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞練習(xí)–Canyousparemesometime?–I'mafraidnot.Ihavelotsofletters_____.doingwith B.todoforC.todeal D.todealwithIcan'tunderstand_____atthatpoorchild.youtolaugh B.youlaughingC.youlaugh D.whylaughDon’tusewords,expressionsorphrases_____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.02beingknown B.havingknown C.tobeknown D.known_____tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.02A.Exposed B.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.AfterbeingexposedThediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_____.03thethiefhavingcaught B.catchthethiefC.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaughtGenerallyspeaking,when_____accordingtothedirections,thedrughasnosideeffect.03taking B.takenC.totake D.tobetaken______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.TogiveB.HavinggivenC.GivenD.GivingIwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggoneThereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_____roadconditionsneed_____.03A.that,tobeimproved B.which,tobeimprovedC.where,improvingD.when,improvingThedaywelookedforwardto______.A.comeB.comingC.hascomeD.havecomeThedisc,digitally_____inthestudio,soundedfantasticattheparty.04A.recorded B.recordingC.toberecorded D.havingrecordedShesetoutsoonafterdark,

homeanhourlater.A．a(chǎn)rrivingB．toarriveC．havingarrivedD．a(chǎn)ndarrivedThestudentsexpectedthere______morereviewingclassesbeforethefindexam.A．isB．beingC．havebeenD．tobe_____intouseinApril2000,thehotlinewasmeantforresidentsreportingwaterandheatingsupplybreakdowns.05Put B.PuttingC.Havingput D.BeingputHeisratherdifficulttomakefriendswith,butthefriendshipofhis,_____,istruerthananyother.A.oncegained B.whentogainC.aftergained

D.whilegainingThefirsttextbooks_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.havingbeenwritten B.tobewrittenC.beingwritten D.writtenThevisitingministerexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,_____thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.havingadded B.toadd C.adding D.addedThebell_____theendoftheclassrang,_____ourheateddiscussion.01indicating,interrupting B.indicated,interruptingC.indicating,interrupted D.indicated,interruptedThesalesmanscoldedthegirlcaught_____andleftheroff.tohavestolen B.tobestealingC.tosteal D.stealingTheoldman,_________abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohismotherland.

A.towork