英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析(含2019年高考全國(guó)1-3卷試題長(zhǎng)難句)

英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句構(gòu)造解析(含2019年高考全國(guó)1-3卷長(zhǎng)難句)英語(yǔ)中句子最基本的句式只有五種，其余各樣句式都是由這五種基本句式變換而來(lái)。五種基本句式以下：1主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)2主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)＋間接賓語(yǔ)＋直接賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)＋賓語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)其他還有特別句式如therebe-,重申句，倒裝句等?？墒窃谡媲械恼Z(yǔ)言環(huán)境中，句子構(gòu)造遠(yuǎn)非這么簡(jiǎn)單。復(fù)雜主語(yǔ)、復(fù)雜賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)雜介詞短語(yǔ)，還有各樣復(fù)雜的定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等修飾成分讓句子變得異樣復(fù)雜。高考閱讀理解、完型填空和語(yǔ)法填空經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)構(gòu)造復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)難句，影響考生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇文段的理解。其他，新高考將包含兩個(gè)寫(xiě)作題：讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)(綱領(lǐng)寫(xiě)作)和應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作。在評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中把“全力使用較復(fù)雜語(yǔ)法構(gòu)造”視為能否得高分的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)之一。所以，學(xué)會(huì)解析長(zhǎng)難句顯得分外重要。一個(gè)句子之所以成為長(zhǎng)難句，就是由于句子各部分紅分和構(gòu)造復(fù)雜，詳細(xì)說(shuō)就是句中出現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜主語(yǔ)、復(fù)雜賓語(yǔ)、復(fù)雜修飾語(yǔ)(介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))以及各樣從句等。下邊分類解析：一、復(fù)雜主語(yǔ)包含以下情況：含有連詞如and,both...and...,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...but(also),aswellas；非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做主語(yǔ)；主語(yǔ)從句充任主語(yǔ)；同位語(yǔ)構(gòu)造做主語(yǔ)等。如：Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.(2019”高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)(aswellas連結(jié)thosewho...與thoseleastliked...做主語(yǔ))1Thegunnersliketodescribewhattheydoascharacter-building,butweknowthattowoundananimalandwatchitgothroughtheagony(難過(guò))ofdyingcanmakenobodyhappy.(動(dòng)詞不定式todo構(gòu)造做主語(yǔ))Connectingtothecommunity（社區(qū)）asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,orservicesprovidesarealjoy.(2019高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B)(-ing形式做主語(yǔ))Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn'tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.(2018全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D)(-ing形式做主語(yǔ))Whatyouneedisagreatteacherwholetsyoumakemistakes(2019.高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷閱讀理解B)(主語(yǔ)從句充任主語(yǔ))Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusiness...(2016全國(guó)甲卷閱讀理解D)(同位語(yǔ)構(gòu)造做主語(yǔ))二、主謂之間被介詞短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句或非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)Mr.Robbins,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,isleavingLondonforParis.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,wholivedfromroughly551to479B.C.,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016全國(guó)丙卷語(yǔ)法填空)FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.(2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)甲卷閱讀理解D)Accordingtothereport'skeyfindings,“theproportion(比率)whosaythey‘never’or‘hardlyever’rehasdforgonefunfrom8percentof13-year-oldsand9percentof17-year-oldsin1984to22percentand27percentrespectivelytoday.(2018”全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀C)Thewomansittingatthedesk,seeingmymadness,sympatheticallyjumpedup.(2016全國(guó)甲卷完形填空)三、復(fù)雜表語(yǔ)包含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、表語(yǔ)從句等。2One(reason)wasthatIwasamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.(2019高考全國(guó)卷Ⅱ短文改錯(cuò))(表語(yǔ)從句中還含有一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句)Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers(2018.全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)(表語(yǔ)從句中還含有while并列句)四、復(fù)雜賓語(yǔ)包含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、(并列)賓語(yǔ)從句(介詞后和動(dòng)詞后)等。Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate--sharing,kindness,openness--carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)(賓語(yǔ)從句中含有定語(yǔ)從句)Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解D)(賓語(yǔ)從句中含有-ing形式和定語(yǔ)從句)Inordertopasstheclass,amongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplantoapply②whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,eventually,toourlives.(2018全國(guó)卷Ⅱ完形填空)(①是介詞on所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句，②是動(dòng)詞apply所帶的賓語(yǔ)從句)Axaniwroteinhispost①thatheisnotlookingforanythinginreturnandthatthewomanwhousestheextraticketcanchoosetoeithertravelwithhimortaketheticketandtravelonherown.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷完形填空)(wrote帶有2個(gè)由that指引的賓語(yǔ)從句，第②個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句含有who指引的定語(yǔ)從句)五、復(fù)雜定語(yǔ)包含非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、形容詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、(多個(gè))定語(yǔ)從句等。It’ansamazingaccomplishmentandonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations,andothersocialorganizations.(2017全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀理解A)(省略了that/which的定語(yǔ)從句)3TopeoplewhoareusedtothelimitedchoiceofapplessuchasGoldenDeliciousandRoyalGalainsupermarkets,itcanbequiteaneyeopenertoseetherangeofclassicalapplesstillinexistence,suchasDeciowhichwasgrownbytheRomans.(2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)丙卷閱讀理解C)(who指引定語(yǔ)從句)ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,whenIwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)乙卷語(yǔ)法填空)(when指引的定語(yǔ)從句中含有-ed形式和-ing形式做定語(yǔ))ThursdayseesusmaketheshortjourneytoPariswherewewillvisitDisneylandParispark，stayinguntillatetoseetheparadeandthefireworks(2018.全國(guó)卷Ⅱ閱讀A)(where指引定語(yǔ)從句)Readersalsotendedtosharearticles①thatwereexcitingorfunny,or②thatinspirednegativefeelingslikeangeroranxiety,butnotarticles③thatleftthemmerelysad(.2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)丙卷閱讀理解D)(含有三個(gè)that指引的定語(yǔ)從句)Also,itisnotuncommonanymoretofindcarpenters(木工)withcollegedegreesandcarpenterswithasolidknowledgeofmathematics,whichwouldenablethemtodealwithmoredifficulthousedesigns.(含有兩個(gè)with介詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)和which指引的定語(yǔ)從句)Now,usingteethandbonepiecestakenfromthebaby’sgrave,scientistshavecomparedtheDNAfromtheUnknownChildwiththosecollectedfrommembersoffivefamilieswholostrelativesontheTitanicandneverrecoveredthebodies(.含有兩個(gè)-ed形式做定語(yǔ)和who指引的定語(yǔ)從句)六、復(fù)雜同位語(yǔ)(同位語(yǔ)從句)Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidencethattheyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.(2019全國(guó)Ⅰ卷語(yǔ)法填空)ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference,webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.(2017全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B)(that指引同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部含有although指引的狀語(yǔ)從句)4Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback---hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.(2017年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解B)(that指引同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)部含有if指引的狀語(yǔ)從句)七、復(fù)雜狀語(yǔ)包含介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、(多個(gè))狀語(yǔ)從句等。Withthecollegeentranceexaminationaroundthecorner,allthestudentsareoccupiedwiththeirrevision.(with介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ))BytranslatingtherichandhumouroustextofLove’sLabour’sLostintothephysicallanguageofBSL(英式手語(yǔ)),DeafinitelyTheatrecreatesanewinterpretationofShakespeare’scomedyandaimstobuildabridgebetweendeafandhearingworldsbyperformingtobothgroupsasoneaudience(2017.全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解A)(兩個(gè)by介詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ))Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat(2018全“國(guó)ice卷Ⅱcream”.閱讀B)(-ed形式做狀語(yǔ))TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.(2017全國(guó)Ⅲ卷閱讀理解D)(動(dòng)詞不定式todo做狀語(yǔ))DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepened②whenIlearnedthatBrown’sGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where——luckilyforme——Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.(2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解B)(as和when指引狀語(yǔ)從句)Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint,thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons–anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdsintheworld.(2014全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀理解B)(when指引狀語(yǔ)從句中，含有-ing形式做狀語(yǔ))Giventhatmanypeople'smoods(情緒)areregulatedbythechemicalactionofchocolate,itwasprobablyonlyamatteroftimebeforesomebodymadethechocolate5consider④Therefore,①shopsimilartoadrugstoreofChinesemedicine.(2013全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解C)(-ed形式做狀語(yǔ),before指引狀語(yǔ)從句)Inasecondstudypresentedatthemeeting,scientistsfromtheUKandDenmarkshowedthatevenafewdaysofhightemperaturescanseverelyreduceproductionofcrops,suchaswheat,soyabeans,riceandgroundnuts(花生),ifitoccurswhentheplantsareflowering.(福建卷)(if和when指引狀語(yǔ)從句)Accordingtothestudy,ifthecatisadoptedbeforethedog,andiftheyareintroducedwhenstillyoung(lessthan6monthsforcats,ayearfordogs),itishighlyprobablethatthetwopetswillgetalongswimmingly.（2011廣東卷B）(兩個(gè)if指引并列狀語(yǔ)從句)八、多個(gè)從句且從句套從句Helikes①thathecansitandcheckhisphoneinpeaceorchatupthebarkeeperwithwhomhe'sonafirst-namebasis③ifhewantstohavealittleinteraction（溝通）.((2019高考全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀理解C)(①是賓語(yǔ)從句，②是定語(yǔ)從句，③是狀語(yǔ)從句)Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyaware①thatinthatboxyou’vegotsomething②thatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody(’2016slife全.國(guó)乙卷閱讀理解C)(①是賓語(yǔ)從句，②是定語(yǔ)從句)whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,②whatmaybeimplied(示意)is③thatthepersonwantsthelistenertowhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.(2016全國(guó)新課標(biāo)乙卷閱讀理解(①是狀語(yǔ)從句，②是主語(yǔ)從句，③是表語(yǔ)從句，④是賓語(yǔ)從句)Ifsomeoneknocksanditsnotan’importantmatter,excuseyourselfandletthepersonknow②you’rebusysotheycangetthehint暗(示）③that④whenthedoorisclosed,you’renottobedisturbed(2017.全國(guó)Ⅱ卷閱讀七選五)(①是狀語(yǔ)從句，②是賓語(yǔ)從句，③是同位語(yǔ)從句，④是狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)從句)Butyoucan’betsuccessful①whentheres’alackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanaction③wherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.(2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅰ閱讀七選五)(①是狀語(yǔ)從句，②是定語(yǔ)從句，③是定語(yǔ)從句)Cursingmymisfortune,Iwaswondering①whereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagers②whohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse(2007.高考廣6東卷)(①是賓語(yǔ)從句，②是定語(yǔ)從句，③是賓語(yǔ)從句)Studiesshow①thatsocialsciencemajorsaremostsuitedforchange,②whichistheleadingfeatureofthekindofhighspeed,highpressure,high-techworld③wenowlivein.(①是賓語(yǔ)從句，②是定語(yǔ)從句，③是定語(yǔ)從句)Itisimportant①becauseitshows②thatregularphysicalexerciseenablesustomakebetteruseoftheoxygen③webreatheinand④thatthistraining,infact,reducestheamountofwork⑤ourheartsdo.(遼寧卷)(①是狀語(yǔ)從句，②是賓語(yǔ)從句，③是定語(yǔ)從句，④是并列賓語(yǔ)從句，⑤是定語(yǔ)從句)九、復(fù)雜并列句(包含從句)Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.(2019高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷閱讀理解D)Wewent10-1andIwasnamedmostvaluableplayer,butIoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwastoblameforMiller’accidents.(2016全國(guó)丙卷完形填空)Darkenvironmentsaremorelikelytoencourageovereating,forpeopleareoftenlessself-conscious(難為情)whenthey’reinpoorlylitplaces——andsomorelikelytoeatlotsoffood..(2015全國(guó)新課標(biāo)Ⅱ閱讀理解B)Whentheweatherisfairandsettled,theyareclothedinblueandpurple,andprinttheirbeautifulshapesonthecleareveningsky,butsometimeswhenitiscloudless,graysteamgathersaroundthetopofthemountainswhich,inthelastraysofthesettingsun,willshineandlightuplikeacrownofglory.(20