Grammar【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛+備課精研】 七年級(jí)英語下冊(cè) （牛津深圳版）

英語（牛津版）七年級(jí)下冊(cè)EnglishTravellingaroundtheWorldGrammarUnit2OK,butWHY?Theyarenotatthebeginningofasentence...PropernounsCommonnounsIloveparis.Iwenttothechamps-elyseesandboughtatoydognameddavidthere!Goodjobdear,butdon'tforgettousecapitallettersforParis,theChamps-ElyseesandDavid.1課堂導(dǎo)入ThisisMike’s

diary.

Please

correct

his

mistakes.girlbookparkCommonnouns（普通名詞）:namesofcommonpeople,placesandthings.Propernouns（專有名詞）:namesofspecific（具體的）people,placesandthings.LiXianShenzhenBayParkLittleWomanpersonparkbookPropernoun:

ShenzhenCommonnoun:

citySheisfromacity.

SheisfromShenzhen.IthinktheHongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgeisthemostbeautifulbridge.Propernoun:

HongKong-Zhuhai-MacaoBridgeCommonnoun:

bridgeHelovesdogs.

IloveSnoopy.Propernoun:

SnoopyCommonnoun:

dogPropernoun:

HomeComingCommonnoun:

movieIsawamovieyesterday.

IsawHomeComingyesterday.Thefamilywenttoacityandvisitedatower.TheChenswenttoParisandvisitedtheEiffelTower.familycitytowertheChensParistheEiffelTowerThegirlswenttoacinemaandwatchedamovie.wenttoandwatched.LilyandLucyWanDaCinemaAvatar2ThegirlsacinemaamovieLilyandLucyWanDaCinemaAvatar2people: schools：places: books:organizations: movies:daysoftheweek: stores:holidays: brands:months: Propernounscanbethenamesof:JackWelchtheUnitedStatestheRedCrossWednesdaytheDragonBoatFestivalMarchPekingUniversityHarryPotterKungfuPandaWalmartHuawei...manymanymoreApropernounsWeuseapropernountorefertothenameofaparticularperson,place,organizationortime.NamesofpeopleSallyWebb,MrsJacob,XiaoLingNamesofplacesFrance,theLouvreMuseum,theBeijingRailwayStationOrganizationstheRedCross,theUnitedNations,theWorldTradeOrganization2課堂活動(dòng)DaysoftheweekTuesday,Friday,SundayMonthsJanuary,March,SeptemberHolidaystheSpringFestival,theMid-AutumnFestival,ChristmasApropernounstartswitha(capitalletter/smallletter).Workouttherule

專有名詞ProperNoun專有名表示某一特定的人名，團(tuán)體，地方，地名，江河湖海名稱，書名，標(biāo)題,歌曲名，機(jī)構(gòu)名，日期，節(jié)日名或者某一事物所專有的名詞。其開頭的第一個(gè)字母要大寫。主要可分為：人名前的稱呼或頭銜，如:MrSmith,UncleWang。2.地名、國(guó)名和人名等專有名詞，如：China,Jack。3.某些專有名詞詞組由普通名詞構(gòu)成，如：theUnitedStates,theGreatWall。注意：這類專有名詞詞組除其中的冠詞、較短的介詞和連詞外，每個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)字母都要大寫；4.星期、月份名稱，如:Sunday,August。5.一些大型節(jié)日名稱，如:Children’sDay。注意：這類節(jié)日名稱的第一個(gè)字母都要大寫。6.表示語種、民族的名詞或形容詞，如:aChineseteacher,anEnglishbook,aFrenchfilm。7.大多數(shù)的縮略詞，如：CCTV,ID,CD。1、每個(gè)詞的第一個(gè)字母都必須大寫(名稱不論在句子的什么地方都要大寫)如：RichardStone

中文的人名和地名，除了少數(shù)有歷史意義或廣為流傳已經(jīng)約定俗成的名詞之外，例如SunYat-sen(孫中山)，HongKong(香港),Peking(北京)，InnerMongolia(內(nèi)蒙古)等，其它人名、地名都要求用現(xiàn)代漢語拼音來拼寫。專有名詞的特點(diǎn)2.專有名詞表示特定的人名、地名或組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的名稱，一般具有唯一性。3.有些專有名詞表面上看是復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是在實(shí)際使用中指的是一個(gè)整體，因此謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。如：聯(lián)合國(guó)守護(hù)全世界。TheUnitedNationslooksafterthewholeworld.4.有些普通名詞變成專有名詞后，意思發(fā)生變化。如：west西面，theWest西方國(guó)家china瓷器，China中國(guó)。Lookatthetwolistsbelow.WhatisthedifferencebetweenthenounsinlistAandlistB?Canyouthinkofsomemoreexamples?theWest 西方國(guó)家theEarth 地球52MainRoad 52大道theGreatWall 長(zhǎng)城west 西部，西方earth陸地，地表mainroad 干道greatwall 巨大的墻A15.有些專有名詞前帶定冠詞the：①大多數(shù)國(guó)名前不加定冠詞the。但當(dāng)國(guó)名為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或詞組以“名詞+of+名詞”或“形容詞+名詞”為結(jié)構(gòu)）時(shí)必須加定冠詞the。如：thePeople’sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國(guó)。②由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前加定冠詞the。如：theGreatWall長(zhǎng)城；theSummerPalace頤和園。專有名詞的特點(diǎn)③表示江、河、湖、海、山、島、沙漠等的專有名詞前加定冠詞the。如：thePacificOcean太平洋；theYellowRiver黃河。④表示酒店、電影院、戲院等的專有名詞前加定冠詞the。如：theGardenHotel花園酒店。⑤含有festival的節(jié)日前加定冠詞the。如：theSpringFestival春節(jié)。專有名詞的特點(diǎn)6.有些單詞字母的大小寫不同，詞義也不一樣。如：Rose羅斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花

China中國(guó)——china陶瓷或中國(guó)(不特指)Readthepassagebelow.Someofthenounsshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.Underlinethesenounsandwritethecorrectnounsabovethem.Lastjuly,Iwenttobeijingtovisitunclezhang.Hetookmetomanyinterestingplacessuchasthegreatwall,thesummerpalaceandthepalacemuseum.JulyBeijingUncleZhangGreatWallSummerPalacePalaceMuseumA2Ilearntalotaboutthemingandtheqingdynasties.Wealsovisitedthemainstadiumforthe2008olympics.Wewentshoppingonwangfujingstreet.IhadawonderfultimeinbeijingandIplantovisititagainduringthespringfestivalnextyear.MingQingDynastiesOlympicsWangfujingStreetBeijingSpringFestivalWeusetheconjunctionsand,butandsotolinktwosentences.Theyshowdifferentrelationshipsbetweenthesentences.TherearemanyvineyardsinthecentreofFranceandfarmersgrowgrapestomakeexcellentFrenchwine.AFrenchtownbytheseaistheperfectplaceforasummerholiday,butifyouprefertovisitFranceinwinter,youcantryskiingonthemountainsintheFrenchAlps.Francehassomethingforeveryone,sowhynotvisitFrancethisyear?BConjunctions:and,butandsoWeuse______tomean“also”.Weuse______toshowadifferentidea.Weuse______toshowaresult.WorkouttheruleandbutsoConjunctions:and,butandso1

and的用法：并列連詞and意為“和，又”，表示并列關(guān)系，常用來連接表示對(duì)等成分的單詞、短語或者句子，表示意思的順延或增補(bǔ)。例如：Our?Maths?teacher?is?kind?and?helpful.

我們數(shù)學(xué)老師和藹可親而且樂于幫助我們。(連接連個(gè)形容詞）?I?went?to?the?supermarket?and?bought?some?vegetables?this?morning.

今天早上我去超市買了一些蔬菜。

（連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語，表示意思的順延，動(dòng)作的先后發(fā)生）?Her?uncle?gave?her?a?new?bike?as?her?birthday?present?and?she?liked?it?very?much.

她叔叔給了他一輛新自行車作為生日禮物，她非常喜歡。（連

接連個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，表示意思的順延，并列句）and用作并列連詞有多重含義，除了表示并列關(guān)系外，還可以表示目的（and之后）和條件（and之前）等關(guān)系。例如：Come?and?see?my?family.來見見我家人。（see表示目的）Be?careful,and?you?will?make?fewer?mistakes.

如果仔細(xì)，你犯的錯(cuò)誤就少。（Be?careful表示條件）?2

but的用法：并列連詞but意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所連接的成分意思相反或相對(duì)。例如：Our?school?is?small?but?beautiful.

我們學(xué)校雖然小但很漂亮。（連接兩個(gè)形容詞，意思相對(duì)）?The?car?is?very?old?but?it?runs?very?fast.

雖然小汽車舊了，但跑得很快。?3

so的用法：并列連詞so表示“因此、所以”之意，常用來連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，這兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句有意思上的因果關(guān)系。例如：The?rain?began?to?fall,so?we?went?home.

天開始下雨了，所以我們就回家了。?Everyone?in?the?town?knew?him?,so?we?had?no?trouble?finding?his?house.

鎮(zhèn)上誰都認(rèn)識(shí)他，因此他們毫不費(fèi)力就找到了他的家。?so和從屬連詞because（因?yàn)椋┎荒芤黄疬B用。也就是說，使用了并列連詞）。就不用because(從屬連詞）；使用了because，就不用so。例如：他病了，沒去上學(xué)。He?was?ill,so?he?didn't?go?to?school?

(本句是一個(gè)由并列連詞so連接的并列句）?He?didn't?go?to?school?because?he?was?ill.（本句是一個(gè)由從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的主從復(fù)合句）拓展用法1.?“祈使句+and+一般將來時(shí)的陳述句”and表示承接。?Work?hard?and?you?will?pass?the?exam.?

用工讀書你就會(huì)通過考試。?2.?“祈使句+or+一般將來時(shí)的陳述句”or在此表示否則。Hurry?up,?or?you?will?be?late.?

快點(diǎn)，不然你會(huì)遲到的。HiNatee,MynameisMandy.Ifoundyouremailaddressonane-friendwebsite,(and/but)I’dliketobefriendswithyou.I’mfromBeijing,China,(and/so)I’mthirteenyearsold.Mymumisateacher,(and/so)mydadisadoctor.MygrandparentsliveinChengdu.Theycometovisituseveryyear,(and/but)theyalwaysbringmealotofdeliciousSichuanfood!MandyiswritinganemailtoNatee,aboyfromThailand.Circlethecorrectwords.Ilivefarawayfrommyschool,(but/so)Ihavetogetupearlyinthemorning.IlikeMathsandEnglishverymuch,(but/so)Idon’tlikeScience.Iwanttobeateacherinthefuture,(but/so)I’mstudyinghardatschool.I’minterestedinThaiculture,(and/but)IloveThaifood.IhopetovisitThailandoneday.Ihopewecanbefriends.Writetomesoon(and/but)tellmeaboutyourself.Bestwishes,Mandy3課堂小結(jié)Wehavelearnedhowtousepropernounsandconjunctionsand,but,andso.一、根據(jù)漢語意思完成句子。Ioftenplayfootballon_______(星期日).2.Doyoulike____________________(春節(jié)).3.___________(格林一家人)arewatchingTV.4.___________istheInternational(國(guó)際)WorkingWomen’sDay.5.Parisisthecapitalof______(法國(guó)).SundaytheSpringFestivalTheGreensMarch8thFrance4課堂練習(xí)1.Remembertoreturnthebooktotheschoollibraryintime,________youwillbefined(罰款).A.orB.andC.butD.then2.Tonyisacleverboy,______heusuallyfailsinChineseexams.A.soB.butC.orD.because二、單項(xiàng)選擇。3.Moneyisimportant______it’snotthemostimportantthing.A.andB.butC.orD.so4.Lindatriedtobecomeanexcellentteacher,______atlastshesucceeded.A.soB.orC.butD.and5.Mariadidn’tcatchthelastbus,______shehadtowalkhome.A.becauseB.soC.butD.and6.It’sanicehouse_______ithasn’tgotagarden.A.andB.orC.butD.so7.—Wa