高中英語必修二 情態(tài)動詞

welcomeGrammar:ModalVerbs語法：情態(tài)動詞I情態(tài)動詞的定義情態(tài)動詞是一種本身有一定的詞義，表示說話人的情緒、態(tài)度或語氣的動詞，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能和其他動詞原形構(gòu)成謂語。情態(tài)動詞數(shù)量不多，但用途廣泛，主要有：can(could),may(might),must,need,oughtto,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would).II情態(tài)動詞的位置情態(tài)動詞在句中放在謂語動詞之前，謂語動詞前若有助動詞，則在助動詞之前，疑問句中，情態(tài)動詞放在主語之前。Icanseeyou.Comehere.我能看見你，過來吧。Hemusthavebeenaway.他一定走了。WhatcanIdoforyou?你要什么？Howdareyoutreatuslikethat!你怎么敢那樣對待我們!Ⅲ情態(tài)動詞的語法特征1）情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2）情態(tài)動詞除ought和have外，后面只能接動詞原形。3）情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4）情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。Ⅳ情態(tài)動詞的用法情態(tài)動詞ModalVerbs

can和could情態(tài)動詞用法例句cancould1．“Idon’tthinkMike

cantype.”“Yes,hecan.”2．IcanspeakfluentEnglishnow,butIcouldn’tlastyear.1.Itcan’tbeeasycaringforamanandachildwhoarenotyourown.2.Canthemanovertherebeourheadmaster?Canweturntheairconditioneron?Insoccer,youcan’ttouchtheballwithyourhands.3.Couldyouhavehercallmebackwhenshegetshome,please?4.IwonderifIcouldjustaskyoutosignthis.1.Asahumanbeing,anyonecan

makeamistake.2.I’mconfidentthatasolution

can

befound.3.Hecanbeveryforgetfulsometimes.Canthisbeanexcusefornotgivingthemhelp?Thiscan’tbetrue.Howcanyoubesocrazy.表示_____表示_____________。表示請求，口語中常用could代替can，使語氣更委婉。表示_______________態(tài)度，主要用在否定句、疑問句和感嘆句中。在肯定句中，表示______________，常用來說明人或事物的特征（譯為“有時(shí)會”）。要表達(dá)具體某事實(shí)際發(fā)生的可能性時(shí)，不用can，需用could，may，might。

表示對現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)進(jìn)行主觀的______，主要用在_______________。能力猜測否定句和疑問句中請求和允許客觀可能性驚異、懷疑、不相信等特別說明：1.could用來表示_______時(shí)，語氣委婉，主要用于疑問句，不能用于肯定句，答語應(yīng)用can（即：could不能用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的簡略答語中）。如：——CouldIuseyourdictionary?——Yes,youcan.(否定回答可用：No,I’mafraidnot.或者是youcan’t)2.表示推測時(shí)，could不是過去式，只是語氣更委婉；若是推測已發(fā)生的事或過去的情況，用______________________3.can和beableto辨析can(could)和beableto都可以表示能力，意思上沒有區(qū)別。但can只有______________________，而beableto則有更多的形式。如：

I’vealwayswantedtobeabletospeakfluentEnglish.Thosebagslookreallyheavy,areyousureyou’llbeabletocarrythemonyourown?但是，表示在過去某時(shí)的某一場合經(jīng)過一番努力，終于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereableto來表示。這時(shí)，was/wereableto相當(dāng)于managedtodo或succeedindoing。如：Aftertheaccident,itwasalongtimebeforeshewasabletowalkagain.Thefirewasverybig,butmostpeoplewereabletoescapefromthebuilding.請求can/couldhavedone現(xiàn)在式和過去式1.

“cannot…too…”表示___________________。Youcannotbetoocarefulincrossingthestreet.

過馬路越小心越好。Youcannotpraisehimtoomuch.

你怎么表揚(yáng)他都不過分。Icanneverthankhimenough.我對他感激不盡。2.“can’thelpdoingsth”表示____________________________Hearingthenews,Ican’thelplaughing.3.“can’thelpbutdosth”表示“不禁，忍不住，不得不”Ican’thelpbutbesorryaboutit.

我不能不為之感到遺憾。Icannothelpbutadmirehercourage.

我情不自禁地欽佩她的勇氣。

4.“cannotbutdosth”表示___________________________。Icouldn’tbutlaughonhisfunnyface.

看到他那張滑稽的臉，我只能笑了笑。“無論怎么……也不（過分）”“不禁，忍不住，不得不（做某事）”“除此之外，別無他法，”情態(tài)動詞用法例句maymightMayIcomeinandwait?——MayIsmokehere?——No,youmustn’t(或No,you’dbetternot.)MightIborrowyourpen?IwonderifImightspeaktoyourson.Itmayrainthisafternoon.Shemightcometojoinusthisafternoon.Isupposehemighthavemissedthetrain.Mayyousucceed.Mayyoulivehappily!Maysherestinpeace.愿她安息。Thereisnothingtodo,soImayaswellgotobed.Youmayaswelltellusnow,we’llfindoutsoonerorlater.Isupposewemightaswellgohome.表示__________。否定回答一般用mustnot/mustn’t,表示“禁止、阻止”之意，但也可以用hadbetternot(最好別)或maynot（不可以），語氣較為委婉。在表示_____________時(shí)，might比may語氣更委婉些。用MayI征詢對方許可在文體上比較正式，在日常用語中，用CanI征詢對方意見更為常見。表示________________，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有“或許”“大概”“可能”之意；用might代替may時(shí)，則語氣顯得更加不肯定。may用于祈使句表示______慣用句式：“mayaswell或might(just)aswell+動詞原形”意為__________________，相當(dāng)于________________.允許、許可請求、允許可能性的推測祝愿“最好，滿可以，倒不如”“hadbetter”1.Acomputer____thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot2.Ithoughtyou________likesomethingtoread,soIhavebroughtyousomebooks.

A.mayB.might C.could D.must三．must和haveto情態(tài)動詞用法例句mustYoumustcometoschoolontime.Everybodymustobeythelaw.Youmustn’tdrivesofastinthestreet.Wemustn’twasteanymoretime.1．—MustIcomebackbeforeten?—Yes，youmust.----No,youneedn’t(No,youdon’thaveto)Itmustbemymother.Youmustbehungryafterawalk.Theremustbeaholeinthewall.havetoThefilmisnotinteresting.Ireallymustgonow.Ihavetogonow,becausemymotherisinhospital.1．IhadtoworkhardwhenIwasyourage.2．Iwillhavetolearnhowtouseacomputer.3．Inordertotaketheexam,we’llhavetofinishthewholebookbytheendofthismonth.Youmustn’tgothere.Youdon’thavetogothere.表示___________之意，語氣比should，oughtto強(qiáng)烈。其否定形式mustn’t表示_______________________等意在回答帶有must的問句時(shí)，否定回答常用________或_____________，表示“不必”，而不用mustn’t表示有把握的__________，意為“一定、準(zhǔn)是”，只用于肯定句中“必須，不得不”，意義與must相近。但must表示的是說話人的___________，而haveto則往往強(qiáng)調(diào)____________。must只有一種形式，即現(xiàn)在式與過去式都是一種形式，而haveto則涉及各種人稱、時(shí)態(tài)等方面的變化形式。兩者的否定意義不同，mustn’t表示_____________，don’thaveto表示_____________?！氨仨殻瑧?yīng)該”“不準(zhǔn)，不應(yīng)該，禁止”needn’tdon’thaveto推測主觀看法客觀需要“禁止，不許”不必1.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn'tB2.Imissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadtoD注意：must表示”偏要，硬要，一定要，堅(jiān)持要做某事-howoldareyou,madam?-Ifyoumustknow,I’mtwicemyson’sage.Whymusthedoitthatway?WhymustitrainonSunday?如果你非得知道，是我兒子年齡的兩倍3.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasabletoD四．shall和should情態(tài)動詞用法例句shallShallIopenthewindow?Shallwesay6o’clock,then?Shallhecometoseeyou?Don’tworry,youshallgettheanswerthisafternoon2.Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.3.YoushalldoasIsay.Ifyouchildrendon’tdoasItellyou,youshallnotgototheparty.4.ThePersonsunder18shallnotbeemployedinnightwork．不滿十八歲的人不得雇傭干夜間工作。5.Thatdayshallcome.6.Candidatesshallremainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.試卷完全收回后，應(yīng)試人才能離開座位。用于第一、三人稱構(gòu)成的疑問句，表示征求_____________________,其意為“要不要”、“…好嗎”：1用于第二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾、威脅、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等2表示強(qiáng)制，用于法令、條約、規(guī)章中，意為“必須，應(yīng)該”。(允諾)(警告）(命令)(威脅)(表規(guī)定)(表必然性)對方意見或請求指示（規(guī)定）shouldWhatshouldIdo?ShouldItrusthim?Youshouldreadhisnewbook.Itshouldbeanicedaytomorrow.It‘snearly7o’clock.Jackshouldspeakinsuchaway.Heshouldbearoundsixtyyearsold.AskTomtoringmeupifyoushouldseehim.(你萬一見到湯姆，請讓他給我打個電話)ShouldIbefreetomorrow,I’llcome.(萬一我明天有時(shí)間，我就過來)Ifthingsshouldchangesuddenly,pleaseletmeknow.(萬一情況突變，請通知我)It’sstrangethatheshouldcomesolate.I’msorrythatthisshouldhavehappened.I’msurprisedthatheshouldsayso.WhyshouldanyonewanttomarryTony?5.Don’taskme.HowshouldIknow?表示__________，意為“應(yīng)該”表示______，用在肯定句中，對現(xiàn)在的情況或可能發(fā)生的事的主觀推測或期待。意為“想必，理應(yīng)”大概?！咀ⅰ縮hould表示推斷時(shí)，語氣較肯定，通常是指非常可能的事(因?yàn)榘凳居幸欢ǖ氖聦?shí)依據(jù)或合乎常理)還可以用在____________中，表示一件事聽起來可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能，相當(dāng)于“萬一”的意思。從句謂語用should+動詞原形構(gòu)成，主句都一般用虛擬語氣1.should表示意外或驚訝2.用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異的情緒，意為_________，與why，what，how，who連用，如果是疑問句，則不需要回答。勸告或建議推測if引導(dǎo)的條件句“竟會”1.It’snearlyseveno’clock.Jack_____behereatanymoment.A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can2.Johnny,you_____playwiththeknife,you_____hurtyourself.A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t3.Ourhouseisonthetopofthehill,soinsummerthewind_____beprettycold.A.must B.canC.oughtto D.need4.ProfessorSmith,manystudentswanttoseeyou.__________theywaithereoroutside? A.DoB.ShallC.WillD.Would情態(tài)動詞用法例句willwouldHeisthemanwhowillgohisownway.Theysaidtheywouldmeetusat10:30atthestation.Willyoupleasetakeamessageforhim?Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourtelephonenumber?Fishwilldiewithoutwater.Peoplewilltalk.(人們總會說閑話。)Whenweworkedinthesameoffice,wewouldoftenhavecoffeetogether.Thesethingswillhappen.Thatwillbethemessengerringing.Itwouldbeaboutteno’clockwhenhelefthome.Thatwillbeallright.Eitherpenwilldo.Itwouldnotdotoworktoolate.（工作太晚不行）1．Iwon’tlistentoyournonsense.2．NomatterwhatIsaid,hewouldn’tlistentome.五．will和would用于表示______________。will指現(xiàn)在，would指過去。表示請求、建議等和you連用，用would比用will委婉、客氣。表示習(xí)慣或傾向，意為____________。will至現(xiàn)在，would指過去。表示推測，意為“很可能，大概”。will表示推測比should把握大，比must把握小。表示功能，意為“能,行”。慣用形式：willdo/woulddo表示“解決問題”、“就行”。用于否定句中，意為“不肯”、“不樂意”意志或意愿或決心“總是，慣于”特別說明：would與usedto辨析1He_________beanaughtyboyandcausetrouble.usedtowould可用來表示過去反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動作，但不能表示過去存在的狀態(tài).另外，would強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某種特定情況下的活動，是完全過去的事情，同現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系。而usedto則著眼于過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，隱含現(xiàn)在已不存在，動作或狀態(tài)都可表示。Would可以表示不規(guī)則的習(xí)慣，usedto則不可。六．need和dare情態(tài)動詞用法例句need1．—Needweleavesoon?—Yes,youmust.(No,youneedn't,ordon’thaveto)2．Youneedn'thavehurried.(=Itwasnotnecessaryforyoutohurry，butyoudid).你當(dāng)時(shí)不必這么匆忙。1.Ajoblikenursingneedspatienceandunderstanding.(need+名詞，needunderstanding=needtobeunderstood,需要被理解)2．Heneedstoseeadoctor.(needtodo)3．Theydidn'tneedtostartsoearly.(donotneedtodo)dare1．—Dareyoutellherthetruth?—Yes,Idare./No,Idaren’t.Howdareyouaccusemeoflying!Hedaren’tadmitthis.Onlyafewjournalistsdaredtocoverthestory.Hedoesn’tdare(to)gotherealone.Don’tyoudare(to)touchit?用于表示“需要，必要”之意。做情態(tài)動詞時(shí)，僅用于___________，只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，過去式要用needn'thave，疑問式用need+人稱?,否定式用neednot(即needn't），做實(shí)義動詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動詞相同，后接帶to的不定式（needdoing=needtobedone）,疑問式，否定式要在前面加do的相應(yīng)形式用于表示“敢于”之意。做情態(tài)動詞，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，主要用于_______________________用作實(shí)義動詞時(shí)，其變化與一般的實(shí)義動詞相同。在肯定句中，dare后接帶to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接帶to的不定式，也可接不帶to的不定式。否定句和疑問句否定句、疑問句和條件狀語從句中判斷正誤:

Howdareyousaysuchathing?Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.need的被動含義：need，want,require后面接doing也可表示被動needdoing=needtobedone

---NeedIhandinmyexercisebookatonce?

---Yes,you_____.

A.must B.needC.canD.will析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must,而作否定回答時(shí)，使用need的否定式needn’t。情態(tài)動詞用法例句

oughttodoYououghttotakecareofhim.—OughtItogonow?—Yes,yououghtto./No,yououghtn’tto.Hemustbehomebynow.(斷定他已到家)Heoughttobehomebynow.(不十分肯定)Thisiswheretheoilmustbe.(比較直率)Thisiswheretheoiloughttobe.(比較含蓄)七．ought的用法：表示_______之意表示推測。注意與must表示推測時(shí)的區(qū)別說明：should與oughtto表示“應(yīng)該”時(shí)的區(qū)別You____________helpthemwiththeirwork.Youarehisfather.You___________gethimtoreceivegoodeducation.should表示自己的主觀看法，而oughtto的語氣中，含有“按道理應(yīng)該……”之意。若要反映客觀情況或涉及法律義務(wù)和規(guī)定，一般用oughtto。

should

oughtto“應(yīng)該”八．“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”用法情態(tài)動詞+havedone用法例句musthavedoneShemusthavegonethroughalot.HemusthavevisitedtheWhiteHouseduringhisstayintheUnitedStates.may/mighthavedoneYoumayhavelearntthenews.Hemaynothaveheardhisnamecalled.SorryI’mlate.Imighthaveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.can…h(huán)avedonecannothavedoneWherecanshehavegone?Couldhehavedonesuchafoolishthing?Theboycan’thavefinishedreadingthebooksosooncouldhavedoneHecouldhavekilledhimselfdrivingatadangerousspeed.Youcouldhavedonebetter,butyouweretoocareless.mighthavedoneYoushouldnotswiminthatsea.Youmighthavebeeneatenbyashark.Hemighthavegivenhermorehelp,thoughthewasbusy.表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的行為進(jìn)行肯定推測，意為“想必，準(zhǔn)是，一定做了某事”只用于___________表示對過去已發(fā)生行為的可能推測，意為“也許/或許已經(jīng)（沒有）……“。一般用于_______________中，不用于疑問句。用might則表示語氣更加不肯定。表示對過去發(fā)生的行為的懷疑和不肯定，通常用在________________中。（can換成could時(shí)語氣委婉）可用于肯定句中，表示“可能已經(jīng)……”之意，此外，還可以表示____________________的事，有一種對過去為付諸實(shí)施的事情的惋惜。表示“本來可能……，但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生的事情”。另外，還可以表示“本來應(yīng)該或可以做某事”之意，含有輕微的責(zé)備語氣。肯定句肯定句或否定句否定句和疑問句過去能做而沒做should/oughttohavedoneHeshouldhaveknownthatthepolicewouldneverallowthissortofthing.Yououghtnottohaverefusedhisoffer.needn’thavedoneYouneedn’thavewateredtheplants,foritisgoingtorain.hadbetterhavedoneYouhadbetterhavestartedearlier.Youhadbetternothavescoldedher.wouldratherhavedone1．Iwouldratherhavetakenhisadvice.2．Iwouldrathernothavetoldhimthetruth.用于肯定句時(shí)，表示_________________________；用于否定句時(shí)，則表示不該做的事反而做了。表示____________________________。用于事后的建議，含輕微責(zé)備的口吻，意為_________________，其否定式hadbetternothavedone表示相反的含義。表示________________，其否定式wouldrathernothavedone表示相反的含義，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。本該做某事，而實(shí)際上未做做了本來不必去做的事“當(dāng)時(shí)最好做了某事”“當(dāng)時(shí)寧愿做了某事”Hemustbereading,____he?Youmustknowtheanswertothequestion,____you?Hemusthavegoneoverthearticle,______he?Itmusthaverainedlastnight,_____it?表猜測語氣的反意疑問句的構(gòu)成isn’tdon’thasn’tdidn’t1.Thethief________infromthekitchenwindowasthedoorwasclosed.A.mayclimbB.musthaveclimbedC.couldhaveclimbedD.shouldhaveclimbed2.—Ipostedtheletteraweekago.—Thenthey__________theletterbynow.Itusuallytakesfourdays.A.canhavereceived B.mustreceiveC.shouldreceive D.oughttohavereceive3.Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecar,buttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It__________acomfortablejourney.A.can’tB.shouldn’tbeC.musthavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen4.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysure.mustB.canC.mayD.willC5.---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you____.A.willB.couldC.mayD.mightC6.Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.mightB.shouldC.canD.willA7.--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’tA8.---WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.---They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.needB9.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegoneDAshehadheartattack,hewastoldthathe____continuethework.

A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't2.AnEnglishmanwho____notspeakItalianwasoncetravelinginItaly.A.mustB.could