高中英語人教版Unit4Globalwarming 單元綜合測評

單元綜合測評(四)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共10小題；每小題分，滿分25分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。AImaginebeinggiventheopportunitytowakeuptolions，eatyourmealswithmonkeys，andevenshareyourbathwithbears，allfromthecomfortofauniquenewlodgingexperience.TheJamalaWildlifeLodgeopeneditsdoorsinJanuary2023，whichwassetupinanefforttoeducatevisitorsaboutaidingthesurvivalofmanyoftheworld'sendangeredspecies.“It'sgreatfortheanimals；they'regoingtogetmore'sgreatfortheviewingpublic；they'regoingtogetmorethingstowillbegreatfortourismandjustforthelocalcommunity，”SaidRichardTindale，theownerandoperator.SpreadingacrossthreelocationsintheNationalZoo，the18rooms，whichrangefromgiraffetreehousestojunglebungalows，offerafantasticexperiencewithwildlife.TheGiraffeTreehouseTheGiraffeTreehouseissetamongthegiraffeenclosures(圍場)，andtheJungleBungalowsareluxuriousindividualsuiteswhicharenexttoeitherlion，cheetah(獵豹)，brownbear，orMalaysiansunbearenclosures.TheUshakaHouseHousingupto26people，theUshakaHouseisbuiltaroundthemonkeyenclosureandhasabuilt-inaquariumwhichoffersprivateviewsofsomeofthezoo'ssharks.TheBurleyGriffinHouseOnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin，theindoorandoutdoorentertainingareashavesplendidviewsacrossthelaketoBlackMountain.TheSharkHouseTheSharkHousehasitsownlittlejetty(碼頭)anditcomesoutoverthesharktankhereandsothepeoplewhostayintheroomwillbeabletogototheirbedroomandpattheshark.LocationLocatedintheheartofAustralia'spoliticalcapital，theJamalaWildlifeLodgeattheNationalZooandAquariumisjusttenminutesfromCanberra'scentralBusinessDistrict.1．Whatcan'tbeseenattheJamalaWildlifeLodge?A．Sharks. B．Lions.C．Monkeys. D．Polarbear.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五、六段的內容可知，在澳大利亞加馬拉野生動物旅館可以看到鯊魚、獅子、猴子和棕熊，但沒有提到北極熊，故選D。【答案】D2.IfatouristwantstovisitLakeBurleyGriffin，he'dbetterchoose．A．TheGiraffeTreehouseB．TheUshakaHouseC．TheBurleyGriffinHouseD．TheSharkHouse【解析】細節(jié)理解題。從文中第七段“OnlymetersfromtheedgeofLakeBurleyGriffin...”可知答案，故選C。【答案】C3．Thepurposeofwritingthepassageisto．A．attractmoretouriststovisittheNationalZoo.B．introducetheJamalaWildlifeLodgeinAustraliaC．raisepeople'sawarenessofprotectinganimalsD．offervisitorsanopportunitytoplaywithsharks【解析】推理判斷題。全文對澳大利亞加馬拉野生動物旅館作了一個簡要介紹，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽BAfteryearsofstudy，Ihaveknownthereareonlytwotypesofpeopleinthisworld：thosewhogettotheairportearlyandthosewhoarriveastheplaneisabouttotakeoff.Iftherewereanyjusticeinthisworld，theearly-airportpeoplewouldberewardedfordoingtherightthingandthelate-airportpeoplewouldbetheearly-airportpeoplegetulcers(潰瘍)，heartattacksandbitetheirfinger-nailstothebone(急得團團轉)．Thelate-airportpeoplearehardlyawarethattheyareflying.Aguyofthatkindoncesaid，“Don'tyoumissyourflight，it'sbecauseGoddidn'twantyoutogo.”Thisisclearlyaguywhoisnevergoingtogetanulcer.Early-airportpeoplesufferanother“name”．Theyarecalledexactlywhattheyare—wimps(懦夫)．IknowIamanearly-airportpersonforluggagewillgetontheplanefirst，whichmakesitthelastluggagetheytakeofftheplaneafterlanding.Anotherstrangething：NomatterhowearlyIshowedup，IwasalwaystoldthatsomeonehadcalledtwoorthreeyearsaheadofmeandaskedforthebestfigureditwasafiguredtherewassomeoneinAmericawhocalledeveryairlineeverydayandsaid，“IsthatwimpSimonflyingsomewheretoday？Ifheis，givemehisseat.”AfteralifetimearguingwithmywifeoverwhetherIreallyhavetopack24hoursinadvanceandsetthealarmclockfourhoursahead，Ihavelearnedanotherfactaboutearly-airportpeopleandlate-airportpeople：Theyalwaysmarryeachother.4．Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat．A．late-airportpersonsoftengetulcersorheartattacksB．early-airportpersonsarealwaysrelaxedduringtheflightC．early-airportpersonsgettheirluggagefirstafterlandingD．late-airportpersonsalwaystakethingseasy【解析】細節(jié)理解題。從第二段及第三段所舉事例可知，晚到機場的人總是沉得住氣，不慌不忙，故選D。從第二段第二句可知A項和B項錯；從第四段最后一句可知C項錯?！敬鸢浮緿5．Itcouldbeinferredthatthewriter'swifeis．A．anearly-airportwomanB．alate-airportwomanC．ahot-temperedwomanD．afascinatingwoman【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章可知作者屬于“早到機場的人?！蔽恼碌慕Y尾提到了作者的另一個發(fā)現(xiàn)：早到機場的人總是與晚到機場的人結婚。由此，可推知作者的妻子屬于“晚到機場的人”，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽6．Thewritingstyleofthepassagewouldbebestdescribedas．A．serious B．simpleC．humorous D．indifferent【解析】推理判斷題。綜觀全文，作者的寫作風格詼諧幽默，妙趣橫生，故選C?！敬鸢浮緾C(2023·江蘇高考)ElNi?o，aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears，reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundNi?oseeswarmwater，collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific，flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken，orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects，bothgoodandbad，arefeltinmanycountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheystudyfoundthatastrongNi?oin1997-98helpedAmerica'seconomygrowby$15billion，partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests：farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextratotalriseinagriculturalincomesinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinmulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNi?omayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia，theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNi?o，in1997-98，killedaround21，000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundthesuchNi?oscomewithmonthsofwarning，andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscantotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI)，however，just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance，ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎設施)canreducethespreadofsewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineaftertoapaperin2023byandcoauthors，civilconflictisrelatedtoElNi?o'sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry，thestrongerthetherelationshipmaynotbecausal，helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingthepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNi?o，reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇科普說明文，介紹了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象的由來以及它對人們生活的影響。文章根據(jù)ODI對20年救災資金的投向的分析，得出防災重于救災的結論，這也是作者寫此文的目的。文章最后提出防止厄爾尼諾帶來次生災害的措施。7．WhatcanwelearnaboutElNi?oinParagraph1?A．ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.B．Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C．ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D．Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)首段第一句．..aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild，”．..SouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern，whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears...可知，“厄爾尼諾”是西班牙語的譯音，原意是“神童”或“圣明之子”，是由很早就注意海洋與天氣的關系的南美洲的漁民命名的，所以D項“它能體現(xiàn)大洋中潮流方向的改變”為正確選項。根據(jù)首段第一句可知南美洲的漁民發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一現(xiàn)象，而非“某個漁民”，故A項錯誤；B項是常識性錯誤；C項恰好與文章內容相反。【答案】D8．WhatmayElNi?osbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A．Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall.B．Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C．Richcountries'gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses.D．Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNi?os，onbalance，thantheylose.可知，富裕國家因厄爾尼諾而得到的東西要比它們失去的多。由此可鎖定正確答案為C?！敬鸢浮緾9．ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat．A．moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreductionB．governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC．victimsofElNi?odeservemorecompensationD．recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段ODI提供的數(shù)據(jù)可知，在過去的20年中只有12%的救災資金投入到提前預防方面，顯然投入比例較?。辉俾?lián)系第四段最后一句．..thatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.(……在預防災害方面花一美元就能在災后重建方面至少省兩美元)可知正確答案為A?！敬鸢浮緼10．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TointroduceElNi?oanditsorigin.B．ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNi?o.C．ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNi?o.D．TourgepeopletoprepareforElNi?o.【解析】主旨大意題。文章從第四段ODI的數(shù)據(jù)分析和第五段如何防止厄爾尼諾帶來次生災害這兩個方面，鼓勵人們以正向心態(tài)積極應對厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象。A項與B項都屬范圍太??；C項偏離主題。厄爾尼諾本身是一種自然現(xiàn)象，人們可以研究如何利用它，而不是去違背它?！敬鸢浮緿Ⅱ.閱讀填句(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)根據(jù)短文內容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項?！緦W號：33100049】(2023·山東聊城一中高二模擬)Whatwillyoudoifyoucan'teateverythingboughtinthecanteen?11Accordingtoasurvey，whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople.12AccordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency，thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople.Foodwaste，whichhasbecomeaglobalissue，servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissuesindifferenttheWest，forinstance，consumerism，thebeliefthatit'sagoodthingtousealotofgoodsandservices，isoftentoblameforfoodwaste.13Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthecampus，agenerationofsinglechildrenislessawareofthefoodwastenowadaysarewellprotectedbytheirfamiliesandhardlyhaveanyconceptofhowmuchtoil(辛勞)othersgothroughinordertoprovidethemwiththefoodtheyeat.14Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesanddon'thaveenoughfoodtochildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyearinsomeAfricanfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.15It'salsoimportantthateveryoneshouldthinkabouthowtheycandotheirbittoreducefoodwaste.A．Students'wasteisextremelyserious.B．China，inturn，featuresitsowneatingculture.C．Studentscanneverrealizetheseriousfoodcrisis.D．Comparedwiththem，someliveinadifferentworld.E．Butcanteenwasteismerelythetipoftheiceberg.F．Sothere'snoexcusethatweshouldwasteourfood.G．Mostofuswouldsimplythrowawayanyleftoverfood.11．【解析】根據(jù)第二行“whatstudentswasteeveryyearcouldfeedover10millionpeople”可知，學生們會把吃不完的飯菜倒掉，由此造成的浪費能夠養(yǎng)活一千多萬人，故選G?！敬鸢浮縂12．【解析】根據(jù)“thefoodwastedbyChinesepeopleisabout50milliontonsofgraineveryyear，whichcouldfeed200millionpeople”可知，中國人浪費掉的糧食能夠養(yǎng)活兩億人，說明食堂的浪費現(xiàn)象只是冰山一角，故選E。【答案】E13．【解析】根據(jù)本段首句“Foodwaste...servesasamirrorthatreflectsvariousculturalandsocialissues”和“Chinesepeoplearewellknownforbeinghospitableandevenfeelthattheylosefaceiftheirguestshaveeatenallthefood.”可知，食物浪費現(xiàn)象反映一個國家的飲食文化和習慣，故選B?！敬鸢浮緽14．【解析】根據(jù)“Thereareover925millionhungrypeopleintheworld，mostofwhomliveinunderdevelopedcountriesandareas.”可知，本段講的是處于饑餓中的人們，故選D?！敬鸢浮緿15．【解析】根據(jù)“Manychildrendieforlackofnutritioneachyear...Andfarmersworkveryhardtogrowthecrops.”可知，世界其它地方的孩子因饑餓而死，而且農民種糧食很辛苦，因此我們沒有理由浪費糧食，每個人都應該想一想該怎樣減少食物浪費，故選F?！敬鸢浮縁Ⅲ.完形填空(共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入的空白處的最佳選項。Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappinessbutwhattheygotwasonlyannoyance，griefandmisery.Sothey16Socratesforadviceonwherehappiness17．But18givinganyanswers，Socratesaskedthemtohelpwithbuildinga19groupofguyshadto20thetask，layingasidetheirownbusinessofseekingtookthemalongtimetocutdownatalltree，gougingout(挖空)thepainstakingeffort，theymadeacanoeoutofthelaunchedthecanoeintoariver，andthen21togetherinit，singingwith22．Socratesasked，“Mychildren，doyouhavehappinessnow？”Theyansweredinchorus:“We23behappier！”Socrates24，“That'sit!25youaretoobusypursuingsomethingtonoticeanythingbitter，happinesswilloccur.”FromthestoryIgottoknowthathappiness26hidesbehindeverytinythingthatyouareinvolvedin，andthatyoumayonlygetpleasurethrough27workandcreativity.Wemayhaveto28paininourdailylifeandintheprocessof29wetendtolookforhappinessin30things，likeanewcar，clothes，longtermhappiness，however，comesfromwithinour31andwhynotturnsufferinginto32life，and33tearsintothelightinyourheart?Onlyinthiswaycanwemakeitthroughandfindtruehappiness.Somydearfriends，justrememberhappinessisastateofmindandamatterof34，andI35youallalifeofhappiness.16．to B．stucktoC．belongedto D．turnedto【解析】根據(jù)上下文可知他們遇到困難了前去找人求助，turntosb.foradvice“轉向某人求助”，所選D?！敬鸢浮緿17． B．layC．stood D．laid【解析】根據(jù)情理可知他們找不到幸福，于是去問蘇格拉底幸福在哪里。【答案】B18．from B．otherthanC．insteadof D．incaseof【解析】從轉折詞But可以判斷蘇格拉底沒告訴他們答案，而是讓他們去干活，所以選C?！敬鸢浮緾19． B．roomC．bridge D．hospital【解析】根據(jù)下文“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可知蘇格拉底讓他們造的是一艘小船，選A?！敬鸢浮緼20．down B．setaboutC．setout D．setup【解析】根據(jù)詞義搭配可知此處指他們不得不開始干活，答案選B?！敬鸢浮緽21． B．stoodC．rowed D．made【解析】根據(jù)前句“Theylaunchedthecanoeintoariver，”可以判斷他們坐到船里去劃船，選C?！敬鸢浮緾22． B．joyC．appointment D．hope【解析】根據(jù)空前詞singing可以判斷他們是開心地唱歌，選B。【答案】B23．'t B．shouldn'tC．needn't D．couldn't【解析】根據(jù)上文可知他們非常開心，所以此處是否定詞和比較級連用來表示最高級的意思，句意：我們再開心不過了?！敬鸢浮緿24． B．saidC．announced D．added【解析】由語境可知那些人說完后，蘇格拉底又接著說，所以是補充說，選D?！敬鸢浮緿25． B．WheneverC．Until D．However【解析】根據(jù)前后兩個句子的關系可知此處指時間，句意：當你們忙著追求一個目標而注意不到有痛苦，困苦存在的時候，幸福就會出現(xiàn)。選B?！敬鸢浮緽26． B．alwaysC．ever D．seldom【解析】根據(jù)情理可知作者認為幸?？偸请[藏在每個小事的背后，答案選B?！敬鸢浮緽27． B．limitC．hard D．effective【解析】從上述故事可知人們只有在經歷困苦之后，才會有收獲的喜悅和快樂，所以選C?！敬鸢浮緾28． B．escapeC．appreciate D．delay【解析】文中講述的故事是蘇格拉底告訴人們要在經歷了艱難困苦之后才會體會到幸福，所以選A?！敬鸢浮緼29． B．searchingC．creating D．improving【解析】根據(jù)文章首句“Therewasonceagroupofyoungpeoplesearchingeverywhereforhappiness”以及故事內容可知作者指的是在尋找幸福的過程中，searchsth./sb.意思是“搜查某地或搜身”，所以答案選A?！敬鸢浮緼30． B．goodC．fresh D．material【解析】根據(jù)后面列舉的事物可知這是物質追求，所以選D?！敬鸢浮緿31． B．brainC．soul D．heart【解析】從however判斷此處指與前面所提到的物質追求是相反的，而且由and也可斷定此空和spirit是同類的名詞，所以選C?！敬鸢浮緾32． B．praisingC．criticizing D．accusing【解析】根據(jù)下文“tearsintothelightinyourheart”可知此處強調轉變心態(tài)，把消極情緒變?yōu)榉e極情緒，選項中praising是褒義詞，所以選B?！敬鸢浮緽33． B．putC．divide D．draw【解析】根據(jù)前句“whynotturnsufferingintolife”可以判斷此處填turn，選A?！敬鸢浮緼34． B．energyC．fact D．choice【解析】根據(jù)上文內容可知幸福是一種心態(tài)，人們可以選擇去感受快樂，感激生活，所以答案選D?！敬鸢浮緿35． B．wishC．take D．demand【解析】根據(jù)上文內容可知此處指作者的一種祝愿，句意：幸福是一種心態(tài)，是一件可以選擇的事情，祝福你們所有的人幸福一生。【答案】BⅣ.語法填空(共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分)閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热?1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。Onlineshoppingiscomingintofashioninmostcities，wherepeopleareabletomakefulluseoftherapidly-developedInternet，canwefindaperson36.hasnotexperiencedonlineshopping?Definitelynot.Onlineshopping37.(welcome)bymostpeopleduetovarioustheperspectiveofconsumers，itcansavesometimeforpeoplewhodon'thavemuchspareclickthemouse，theycangetwhatevertheywantwhile38.(stay)attheretailers，itcancutsomecostsforthosewhodon'thavemuchcirculating.(compare)withthetraditionaltrademode，theydon'thavetospendmoneyinrentinga.，therearestillsomedisadvantagesinonline，aface-to-facedealmakesonlineshoppingless41.(rely)and，peoplewilllose42.funofbargaining.43．isundeniablethatshoppingontheInternethasbecomeatrendinmodern'sofgreaturgencythatweneedtomaketherelativelawsaccordingtotherapid44.(grow)ofonlineinthiswaycanweenjoythepleasureand45.(convenient)ofonlineshoppingwithouttheconcernofbeingcheated.36．【解析】person后面跟的是定語從句，從句中缺少主語，且先行詞指人，應用who或者that引導?！敬鸢浮縲ho/that37．【解析】welcome和主語onlineshopping之間是被動關系，應用被動語態(tài)?！敬鸢浮縤swelcomed38．【解析】此處是省略，stay與they為主動關系。【答案】staying39．【解析】comparedwith與……相比。【答案】Compared40．【解析】上下文之間是轉折關系，且空后面有逗號，應用however?！敬鸢浮縃owever41．【解析】此處是“make＋復合賓語”結構，由句意“面對面的交易使網上購物不那么可信。”可知，應用形容詞作賓語補足語。【答案】reliable42．【解析】此處是特指“討價還價的樂趣”。特指加定冠詞the?！敬鸢浮縯he43．【解析】句中it是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句?！敬鸢浮縄t44．【解析】形容詞修飾后面名詞?！敬鸢浮縢rowth45．【解析】convenience和pleasure是并列關系，作enjoy的賓語，應用名詞?！敬鸢浮縞onvenienceⅤ.完成句子(滿分20分；每小題2分，共10小題)46．毫無疑問，近視在我國年輕人中是一個嚴重的問題。nearsightednessisaseriousproblemamongtheyouthofourcountry.47．你知道“土豪”這個詞什么時候出現(xiàn)的嗎？Doyouknowwhentheword“Tuhao”？48．這個博物館竣工后將于明年向公眾開放。，themuseumwillbeopenedtothepublicnextyear.49．要是沒有空氣，地球上則不會有生命。Withoutair，noairontheearth.50．麻煩在于哪里能找到這么多的小船。Thetroubleliesinsomanyboats.51．你最好坐出租車，否