顱骨與其連結(jié)

顱骨與其連結(jié)LocomotorSystem2Thebonyframeworkofthehead,termedtheskull(cranium)presentsthemostcomplexstructureoftheskeleton.一、顱的組成（一）腦顱cranialbones共23塊（聽小骨未計(jì)入）以眶上緣和外耳門上緣為界分腦顱和面顱兩部。不成對的：額骨篩骨蝶骨枕骨成對的：顳骨頂骨LocomotorSystem4bonesoftheskullbonesofthefaceabovetheorbitsbelowtheearsbaseoftheskullLocomotorSystem5篩骨ethmoidbone篩板垂直板篩骨迷路蝶骨sphenoidbone小翼、大翼、翼突、體前面觀體小翼大翼翼突眶上裂蝶竇口顳骨temporalboneLocomotorSystem9額骨frontalbone額鱗眶部鼻部LocomotorSystem10枕骨occipitalbone（二）面顱facialbones(內(nèi)臟顱visceralcranium)共15塊。不成對的：犁骨下頜骨舌骨成對的：上頜骨腭骨顴骨鼻骨淚骨下鼻甲LocomotorSystem12frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face下頜骨mandible一體兩支：

下頜體、下頜支、下頜角、冠突、髁突、下頜頭、下頜頸、咬肌粗隆、翼肌粗隆、頦棘、頦隆凸、頦孔、下頜孔LocomotorSystem14mandibleneckofcondylecoronoidprocessramusanglebodymentalprocess(chin)FRACTURESOFTHEMANDIBLE舌骨hyoidbone大角小角體上頜骨maxilla一體四突：上頜體、顴突、腭突、牙槽突、額突(三）顱的整體觀顱前面觀眶骨性鼻腔骨性口腔LocomotorSystem18frontalbonezygomaticbone(formstheprominenceofthecheek)sphenoidbonemaxilla(holdstheupperteeth)foraminaforsensorynerveofthemid-face眶上孔眶下孔視神經(jīng)管眶上裂眶下裂眶下溝左側(cè)眶:四壁一尖左側(cè)骨性鼻腔外側(cè)壁蝶竇篩竇額竇上頜竇上鼻甲下鼻甲額竇蝶竇（右側(cè)）篩竇蝶竇（左側(cè)）上頜竇下鼻甲左側(cè)鼻旁竇2.顱側(cè)面觀翼點(diǎn)pterionLocomotorSystem23frontalparietaltemporalsphenoidLocomotorSystem24themiddlemeningealarteryLateralskullradiographshowingthevascularmarkingsofthemiddlemeningealarteryLocomotorSystem25frontalboneparietalboneoccipitalbonetemporalbonemastoidprocessstyloidprocesszygomaticprocessexternalauditorymeatus(soundwaves)sphenoidbonecoronalsutureTheSkull–LeftLateralView3.顱頂面觀冠狀縫矢狀縫人字縫頂結(jié)節(jié)4.顱后面觀枕外隆凸矢狀縫人字縫頂結(jié)節(jié)LocomotorSystem28occipitalboneparietalboneparietalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonemastoidprocessofthetemporalbonesagittalsutureTheSkull–PosteriorView5.顱下面觀LocomotorSystem30occipitalbonetemporalbonetemporalbonesphenoidbone(wedge-shaped)bonesoftheface–inferiorviewbonesoftheskull-inferiorviewLocomotorSystem31occipitalcondylesoccipitalbone(articulatewithvertebraC1)foramenmagnum(transmitsspinalcord)LocomotorSystem32顱底內(nèi)面顱前窩：雞冠、篩孔顱中窩：垂體窩、視神經(jīng)管頸動脈溝、破裂孔眶上裂、圓孔、卵圓孔、棘孔、三叉神經(jīng)壓跡顱后窩：斜坡、枕骨大孔內(nèi)耳門、頸靜脈孔舌下神經(jīng)管內(nèi)口（四）新生兒顱骨的特征腦顱比面顱大得多，為7:1，而成人為3:1顱囟cranialfortanelles：前囟（額囟）、后囟（枕囟）、