2021版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)課后達標(biāo)檢測：選修7 3 Unit 3 Under the sea Word版含答案

（課后達標(biāo)檢測I（建議用時：50分鐘）I?閱讀理解A（2020?昆明高三模擬）Findingfishisgoingtogetharderasclimatechangecontinuestoheattheworld'soceans.Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.Asustainablecatchreferstotheamountthatcanbeharvestedwithoutdoinglong-termdamagetothehealthofpopulationsofsomespecies.Overfishinghasmadethatdeclineworse,researcherssay.Overfishingreferstocatchingsomanyfishthatthesizeofthepopulationfalls.Insomepartsoftheworld,suchastheheavilyfishedSeaofJapan,thedecreaseisashighas35percent.That'salossofmorethanoneineverythreefish.Researchersexaminedchangesin235populationsoffishandshellfishbetween1930and2010.Thosefishpopulationsspreadfarapartacross38oceanregions.Temperaturechangesvaryfromoneoceansitetoanother.Butonaverageoverthattime,Earth'sseasurfacetemperatureshaverisenbyabouthalfadegreeCelsius.Onaverage,thatwarminghascausedthesustainablecatchtodropby4.1percent,thestudyfound.About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.However,about4percentofsomepopulationsincreased.That'sbecausecertainspecieshavethrivedinwarmerwaters.Oneexampleisakindofblackseafish.ItlivesalongthenortheasternU．S.coast.Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.Thatmeansit'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.【解題導(dǎo)語】研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隨著氣候變化導(dǎo)致海洋升溫，世界上可持續(xù)捕獲的魚類和水生有殼動物在不斷減少，這在一定程度上影響了漁業(yè)的產(chǎn)量。1．Whatdoesthenewstudydiscover?A．Overfishingistoblameforfishhealth.B．Warmingseascausefewerfishandshellfish.C．Seafoodmatterstopeople'shealthworldwide.D．Thelivingregionsoffishandshellfisharedifferent.B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Anewstudyfindsthatwarmingseasoverthepast80yearshavereducedthesustainablecatchof124speciesoffishandshellfish.”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海水升溫導(dǎo)致魚類和水生有殼動物減少。故選B。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thrived”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Survivednarrowly.B．Disappearedsoon.C．Decreasedsharply.D．Developedquickly.D解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞下文'Oneexample...Aswarmingcontinues,thesefishwillreproducefasteruntiltheyreachtheirlimit.”可知，隨著升溫繼續(xù)，這些魚將快速繁殖直到它們的極限，據(jù)此可推知，畫線詞的含義與“reproducefaster，相近，故選D。3．Whatdoweknowaboutspeciesoffishandshellfish?A．About8percentofthemsufferedfromagreatloss.B．About35percentofthemsurvivedintheSeaofJapan.C．About3.2billionspecieshavebeensaveduptonow.D．About80specieshavediedoutbecauseofwarmingseas.A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“About8percentofthefishandshellfishpopulationstheteamstudiedsawlossesasaresultoftheoceanwarming.”可知，大約8%的魚類和水生有殼動物數(shù)量上遭受了重大損失。故選A。根據(jù)第二段中的Tnsomeparts...thedecreaseisashighas35percent."可知，B項表述錯誤；根據(jù)第五段中的"About3.2billionpeopleworldwiderelyonseafoodasasourceoffood.”可知，C項表述錯誤；文章沒有提到D項所表述的內(nèi)容。4．Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A．Acookingguide.B．Asciencemagazine.C．Anewsreview.D．Ahealthbrochure.B解析：文章出處題。通讀全文可知，一項最新研究顯示，隨著海洋變暖，魚類和水生有殼動物的數(shù)量正在減少。這在一定程度上影響了漁業(yè)的產(chǎn)量和這些生物的健康。由此可知，本文屬于科學(xué)類文章。故選B。【難句分析】Thatmeansit'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea.分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。句中“it'surgentforcommercialfishingfleetsandregulatorstoconsiderhowclimatechangeisaffectingthehealthofallofthosefishinthesea"為省略了that的賓語從句作動詞means的賓語;其中"howclimatechangeisaffectingthehealth

ofallofthosefishinthesea”為how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，作consider的賓語。譯文：這意味著，商業(yè)捕魚船隊和監(jiān)管機構(gòu)迫切需要考慮氣候變化如何影響海洋中所有魚類的健康。（2020?河北六校聯(lián)考）Asfarbackastheageofdinosaursmillionsofyearsago,turtles（海龜）wanderedaroundtheEarth.Evennowadaysitisgenerallyassumedthatturtlesaretheworld'ssteadiestcreature.However,anewresearchshows61percentofthe356speciesofturtlesarealreadythreatenedornolongerexist.Thedestructionoftheirhomes,disease,climatechangeandotherreasonshavecausedtheirpopulationtodropsharply.InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioSciencea,teamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimsthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate（脊椎動物）groups.Thiscould，”theauthorssay,“haveseriousconsequencesfortheecology.”Turtlescontributetothehealthofmanyenvironments,includingdesert,wetland,freshwaterandmarineecosystems,andthedeclinemayleadtobadeffectsonotherspecies,includinghumans,theyexplain.WhitGibbons,seniorauthorandprofessorattheUniversityofGeorgia'sSavannahRiverEcologyLaboratory,saysinastatementthattheintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles.Oneoftheimportantqualitiesofturtlesishowdiversetheyarewhenitcomestofood.Thisallowsthemtohaveamajorimpactonfoodwebsoftheirhomesallovertheworld.Insomeareas,thedensity（密度）oftheturtlepopulationmakesthemanimportantpartoftheecosystem.Withtheirgathering,otherspeciesthatfeedonthemandtheireggsaresuretohavealargepooloffood.Forplants,turtlesarealsoextremelyimportantastheydistributetheseedsofmanyplantspecies.Whentheyeat,someseedsarenotdestroyedbythedigestiveprocessandinsteadmaketheirwayoutoftheanimals'body.Someturtlesarethemaindispersal（傳播）agentsofcertainplantsandtheirseeds.Theseareonlyafewyetveryvitalrolesthatturtlesplayintheecologicallandscape.Unfortunately,manyspeciesareinseriousdeclineandindangerofdisappearingcompletely.解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海龜?shù)臄?shù)量急劇下降對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有負(fù)面影響。5．Whatdoesthenewstudyaimtodo?A．Tosavethegrandvertebrategroupsonearth.B．Towarnpeopleofturtles'terriblesituation.C．Tomaketheimportanceofturtles'rolesknown.D．Toclaimturtlesmayberelatedtodinosaurs.C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“theintentionofthestudyistoinformpeopleaboutthevitalecologicalrolesofturtles”可知，這個研究的目的是讓人們了解海龜對生態(tài)的重要作用。故選C。6．Howmightthedisappearanceofturtlesinfluencecertainplants?A．Speeduptheseplants'disappearing.B．Putanendtotheseplants'seedspreading.C．Allowmoreseedstogrowintoplants.D．Givetheseplantsnochanceofsurvival.A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容可知，海龜通過吃下植物的種子然后將其排出體外來進行植物種子的傳播，一些海龜是某些植物及其種子的主要傳播媒介。由此可知，海龜?shù)南б部赡芗铀龠@些植物的滅絕。故選A。7．Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthetext?U-C.LLI：IntroductionP：PointSp：Sub-point(次要點)C：ConclusionB解析：文章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段是全文的引言(Introduction)，引入海龜這一話題；第二段是要點一(Point1)，介紹了海龜數(shù)量驟減的情況；第三段是要點二(Point2)，總述海龜對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的作用；第四、五段都是要點二的次要點(Sp1和Sp2)，分別介紹了海龜在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中起的兩個作用；最后一段對全文進行總結(jié)(Conclusion)。故選B。8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．TurtlesAreSuretoStopExistingB．TheEcologyWillChangewithTurtlesC．DeclineofTurtlesThreatenstheWorldD．Turtles'DyingOutWorldwideMattersaLotD解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，作者介紹了目前海龜數(shù)量大范圍減少的狀況以及海龜?shù)拇嬖趯ι鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要作用，因此D項“世界范圍內(nèi)海龜?shù)南в绊懼卮蟆弊钅芨爬ū疚拇笠狻９蔬xD?！倦y句分析】InanewstudypublishedinthejournalBioScience,ateamofscientistsfromvariousinstitutionsclaimsthatturtlesareoneofthemostthreatenedamongthemajorvertebrate（脊椎動物）groups.分析：本句是一個主從復(fù)合句。句中的that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作claims的賓語；過去分詞短語publishedinthejournalBioScience作后置定語修飾anewstudy。譯文：在發(fā)表于《生物科學(xué)》雜志上的一項新研究中，來自不同機構(gòu)的科學(xué)家組成的小組揭示了在主要的脊椎動物群體中，海龜是受威脅最嚴(yán)重的群體之一。II?完形填空（2020?新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)適應(yīng)性測試）Itwasacold,rainyday.AndIhadno__1__todriveupthewindingmountainroadtomydaughterCarolyn'shouse.ButshehadinsistedthatIshouldcometoseesomethingatthe__2一ofthemountain.SohereIwas,3makingthetwo-hourjourneythroughfogthathunglikeveils（面紗）.BythetimeIsawhow__4_itwasnearthesummit,I'dgonetoofartoturnback.__5.couldbeworththis,IthoughtasI_6__alongtheverydangeroushighway.Turningdownanarrowtrack,we__1__thecarandgotout.Wewalkedalongapaththatwasthickwitholdpineneedles.Hugeblack-greenevergreenstoweredoverus.Gradually,thepeaceandsilenceoftheplace__8__tofillmymind.ThenweturnedacornerandstoppedandItookadeepbreathin__9__.Fromthetopofthemountain,forseveralacresacrossfoldsandvalleys,riversofdaffodils（水仙花）wereinbrilliantbloom.Itlooked__10—thesunhadtippedoverandspilledgolddownthemountainside.__11—filledmymind.Whocreatedsuchbeauty?How?When?Aswe12__thehousethatstoodinthecenteroftheproperty,wesawasignthat_13__:“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.”Thefirstanswerwas：“OneWoman—TwoHands,TwoFeet,andVeryLittleBrain”Thesecondwas：“OneataTime."Thethird：“14in1978.”Aswedrovehome,Iwassomovedbywhatwehadseen,Icould__15—speak.“She16theworld,"Ifinallysaid,“oneatatime.Shestartedalmost40yearsago,probablyjustthebeginningofa（n）__17__,butshekeptatit."Thewonderofitwouldnotletme__18__.“Imagine,"Isaid,“ifI'dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday,whatmightIhave__19?”Carolynlookedatmesideways,smiling.“Starttomorrow,"shesaid.“20__yet,starttoday."解題導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述的是作者在女兒的執(zhí)意要求下和女兒一起開車去山頂欣賞

美景的故事。1．A.strengthB．beliefC．desireD．suggestionC解析：根據(jù)上文'Itwasacold,rainyday.”可知，作者不想開車沿著蜿蜒的山路去女兒家。havenodesiretodosth.意為“不想做某事”。故選C。2．A.topB．backC．bottomD．endA解析：根據(jù)下文中的“Fromthetopofthemountain”可知，作者和女兒是去山頂。故選A。3．A.unwillinglyB．helplesslyC．hopefullyD．eagerlyA解析：根據(jù)上文中的“ButshehadinsistedthatIshouldcometoseesomething”可知，作者在女兒的執(zhí)意要求下不情愿地去了女兒的家。故選A。4．A.thinB．thick4．A.thinB．thickC．hugeD．deep解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合常識可知，離山頂越近，霧越濃。故選B。5．A.AnythingB．Something5．A.AnythingB．SomethingC．NothingD．Everything解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者認(rèn)為在這種大霧情況下沒有什么是值得看的。故選C。6．A.ranB．inched6．A.ranB．inchedC．wanderedD．jumped解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者一邊沿著危險的通道緩慢行駛一邊想。B項意為“緩慢移動”。故選B。B．drove7B．droveC．repairedC．repairedD．left解析：根據(jù)該句中的“andgotout”可知，他們把車停在那兒。故選A。8．A.happenedB．failed8．A.happenedB．failedC．stoppedD．began解析：根據(jù)本句中的“tofillmymind”并結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示漸漸地，這里的寂靜開始填滿作者的內(nèi)心。故選D。

B．doubt9B．doubtC．reliefD．a(chǎn)mazementD解析：結(jié)合下文可知，此處指作者看到那么美的景色很吃驚。故選D。10．A.asthoughB．eventhoughC．incaseD．nowthatA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這些水仙花構(gòu)成的景象看起來就好像是太陽已經(jīng)傾覆，把金子灑在了山坡上。A項意為“好像”。B項意為“即使”；C項意為“以防，萬一”；D項意為“既然”。故選A。11．A.ArgumentsB．QuestionsC．RequirementsD．ProblemsB解析：根據(jù)下文“Whocreatedsuchbeauty?How?When？”可知，此處指作者的腦海里充滿了疑問。A項意為“爭論”；B項意為“問題，疑問”；C項意為“要求”；D項意為“難題，困難”。故選B。12．A.departedB．returnedC．a(chǎn)pproachedD．searchedC解析：根據(jù)本句中的“wesawasign”可知，作者和女兒走近房子時看到一標(biāo)牌。故選C。13．A.spokeB．stuckC．wroteD．readD解析：根據(jù)本句中的“AnswerstotheQuestionsIKnowYouAreAsking.'可知，標(biāo)牌上寫著一些東西。D項意為“寫著”。故選D。14．A.DesertedB．FinishedC．StartedD．OperatedC解析：根據(jù)語境并結(jié)合上文可知，此處指上文第三個問題“When？”即何時開始創(chuàng)建的這種美的答案。故選C。B．scarcelyDB．scarcelyD．onlyC．mostlyB解析：根據(jù)本句中的丁wassomoved，和下一句中的“Ifinallysaid”可知，這里指作者被深深感動，幾乎說不出話來。B項意為“幾乎不”。故選B。16．A.changedB．discoveredC．destroyedD．wonA解析：根據(jù)語境可知，此處指美景的創(chuàng)造者一次做一點事情，幾乎40年前就開始了這樣的創(chuàng)造，她改變了這里的世界。故選A。17．A.experienceB．ideaC．storyD．promiseB解析：根據(jù)本句中的“butshekeptatit”可知，此處指可能始于一種想法。故選B。18．A.comeB．outC．goD．downC解析：根據(jù)語境可知，這里太美了，作者不想離開。故選C。19．A.lostB．a(chǎn)ccomplishedC．forgottenD．beatenB解析：根據(jù)本句中的“ifI'dhadavisionandworkedatit,justalittlebiteveryday”可知，作者在想如果自己有一個想法，并且致力于此，每天做一點，自己能取得什么（成就）。B項意為“完成，實現(xiàn)”。故選B。20．A.MoreB．WorseC．SoonerD．BetterD解析：根據(jù)語境可知，作者的女兒說從今天開始更好。故選D。III.書面表達（2020?廣東高三六校聯(lián)考）假定你是李華，你所在班級的交換生Peter正在進行一項關(guān)于垃圾分類的研究。他給你來信詢問你們社區(qū)垃圾分類的實施情況，請給Peter回一封郵件，告訴他相關(guān)信息，郵件內(nèi)容包括：1．寫郵件的目的；2．垃圾分類的實施情況；3．你對垃圾分類的看法。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．開頭和結(jié)尾已為