高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀理解攻略 【核心考點知識精講】 字斟句酌猜測詞義課件

字斟句酌揭開生義詞的神秘面紗 ——閱讀理解詞句猜測題解題技巧課堂導(dǎo)入

Onthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志；伙伴).Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,”takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”greenhandhazyThemainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarestill

hazy.高考閱讀理解中可以含有不超過3%的生詞量.在考試中碰到一些不認識的單詞和詞組,這是正常現(xiàn)象,大可不必驚慌失措,也不要因為對某個詞的含義糾纏不清而影響閱讀的速度和閱讀的質(zhì)量.Howtodealwithunfamiliarwordsandexpressionsyoucomeacrossinreading?Ignore（忽略）themandcontinuereading？Lookthemupinthedictionary？Guessthemeaningsofthem？

高考對于猜測詞義的考查要求Themainpointoftheplaniscleartome;butthedetailsarestill

hazy.hazy模糊的

Onthewaytothefactory,Jacksangapopsonghappily,becauseitisthefirstdayforhimtowork.Whenhewasworking,hetalkedwithhiscomrade(同志；伙伴).Suddenly,themachinebrokedownbecauseofhiscarelessness.Jackwasafraidoftheblameofhisboss.Hiscomradetoldhim,”takeiteasy,youareagreenhand.”greenhand新手first詞句猜測題常用的提問方式有:Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”refertointhelastparagraph?Whichofthefollowingwordscantaketheplaceoftheword“passage”?Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“oncloudnine”standsfor?Theunderlinedword“it”refersto/(probably)means

.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph2?“…”asusedinthepassagecanbestbedefinedas…Theunderlinedword“…”couldbestbereplacedby…Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheword“…”?Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“…”underlinedinparagraph3?陌生詞義熟詞生義詞組意思代詞指代句子意思知識梳理例題分析如何猜測詞義一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系; 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境 4.構(gòu)詞法

5.背景常識經(jīng)驗二.運用就近和邏輯一致原則找指代三.利用意義吻合推句意陌生詞義熟詞生義詞組意思代詞指代句子意思(2013全國卷閱讀理解C)e.g.1

TheCRF'sproduceis"green”,madewithinthecountryanddividedinto10lines,withtheAlcoholSeriesbeingthemostpopular.TheExoticSeries一withSichuanpepper,redbean(豆),cheeseandotherflavors一alsodoeswellandisfuntotaste.Andforchocolatesnobs，whothinkthattheyhaveabetterknowledgeofchocolatethanothers,theConnoisseurSeriesusescocoabeansfromTogo,Cuba,Venezuela,andGhana,amongothers.

Thewords"chocolatesnobs"inParagraph3probablyrefertopeoplewho______.A.areparticularaboutchocolate B.knowlittleaboutcocoabeansC.lookdownuponothers D.liketotrynewflavorsTip1:which/who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句對目標詞的解釋(浙江2019.6閱讀理解B）e.g.2

Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.B.Moneynotlegallymade.C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.D.Moneynottiedtogether.Tip2:be動詞后的內(nèi)容解釋目標詞小結(jié)1：一.巧用線索猜詞義

1.語法關(guān)系

1）下定義

e.g.3.Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities

:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.名人、明星Tip3:：，—，thatis，后面的內(nèi)容解釋前面的目標詞e.g.4.Itconfirmed,itcouldexplainwhyautism—

adisabilitythatmakesithardtocommunicatewith,andrelateto,others—continuestoexistinalltypesofsociety.自閉癥e.g.5.Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle,thatis,itwillbreakeasily.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?A.tallB.prettyC.fragileD.smooth小結(jié)2：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系

1）下定義

2）同位關(guān)系

同位關(guān)系提示詞e.g.6Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominant

languagessuchas

English,SpanishandChineseare

increasinglytakingover.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedin Paragraph2?A.Complex. B.Advanced. C.Powerful. D.Modern.Tip4:根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，推斷出目標詞的意思。suchas(全國I2018閱讀理解C）小結(jié)3：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系

2.邏輯關(guān)系

1）舉例子

舉例的提示詞e.g.7Myhusbandrushedtotheirhometofindakindfamilyholdingallpapersanddocuments.Theiryoungdaughterhadgonetothetrashcanandfoundapileofunfamiliarpapers...Atlasttheyhadseenahalf-writtenletterinthepileinwhichmyhusbandhadgivenhisnewtelephonenumbertoafriend.Thatfamilynotonly

returned

theimportantdocumentstousthatday,butalso

restored

ourfaithandtrustinpeople.Westillremembertheirkindnessandoftensendawarmwishtheirway.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“restored”inthelastparagraphmean?A.showed.B.sentout.C.delivered.D.gaveback.Tip5:目標詞所對應(yīng)的同義關(guān)系進行判斷

notonly

butalso

returned

(全國II2014閱讀理解A）小結(jié)4：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系

2.邏輯關(guān)系

1）舉例子

2）同義關(guān)系

同義關(guān)系提示詞e.g.8Aftermonitoringthesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear,researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfallasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldn’tsleep,ontheotherhand,weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity,”saidMichaelPerlis,Ph.D..”Theygotobedearly,getoutofbedlate,andtheynap…”Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“counterintuitive”underlinedinparagraph3?A.ContrarytocommonbeliefB.Unlikeanythingelse.C.SimilartofirstreactionD.BeyondwildestimaginationTip6:利用目標詞所對應(yīng)的反義關(guān)系進行判斷。反義關(guān)系（對比、轉(zhuǎn)折）提示詞小結(jié)5：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系

2.邏輯關(guān)系

1）舉例子

2）同義關(guān)系

3）反義關(guān)系

e.g.9Thenoisewassofaintthatitwasimpossibletobesurewhatitwasorevenwhereitcamefrom.A.weakB.clearC.beautifulD.confusing

Tip7:因果關(guān)系e.g.10Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.encourageteamwork.Bappealtofeelings.C.promotegooddeeds.D.provideadvice.Tip7:因果關(guān)系(全國II2019閱讀理解B）小結(jié)6：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系

2.邏輯關(guān)系

1）舉例子

2）同義關(guān)系

3）反義關(guān)系

4）因果關(guān)系

因果關(guān)系提示詞e.g.12Itwasfourdaysafterthatlifechangingmoment(shewonthehonorofMissTeenUSA2004)theseventeen-year-oldhighschoolstudentfromDestrehan,Lousiana—Shewasstilloncloudnine.Whatdothewords“oncloudnine”probablymean?A.frightened. B.troubled.C.veryhappy.D.veryangry.

Tip8:根據(jù)上下文的信息推斷出目標詞（熟詞生義）的意思(河北2011閱讀理解E）小結(jié)7：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境

e.g.13MostwomeninGhana-theeducatedand

illiterate,theurbanandrural,theyoungandold-worktoearnanincomeinadditiontomaintainingtheirrolesashousewivesandmothers.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“illiterate”?A.sickB.uneducatedC.poorD.energetic否定前綴：ilillegal;illiterate;illogical2020寧波十校一模，Be.g14.Whenpeoplearerudetotheirco-workersortreatthembadly,theyprobablydon’trealizetheunintendedvictimsintheencountercouldbetheco-workers,children.Womenwhoexperienceincivilityintheworkplacearemorelikelytoengageinstricter,moreauthoritarianparentingpracticesthatcanhaveanegativeimpactontheirchildren,accordingtotheresearchpresentedattheannualmeetingoftheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“incivility”inParagraph1?A．Rudeness.B．Panic.C．Violence.D．Argument.

rude否定前綴：in-名字后綴-itycivil市民的，有禮貌的e.g.15So

the

first

lesson

about

working

in

other

countries

is

to

learn

the

language

and

by

that

I

don’t

just

mean

the

words

people

speak．It

is

body

language,dress，manners,ideasandsoon.Thewaypeopledothingshighlightsmany

of

the

differences

we

see

between

cultures.The

word“highlights“in

Paragraph

2probably

means________．

A．encourages

B．helps

to

narrow

C．increases

D．draws

attention

to

highlight(河北2011閱讀理解D）小結(jié)8：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境

4.構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化）

e.g.16Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻醉劑e.g.17RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantaremoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming. takeinTip10:根據(jù)“背景、常識、經(jīng)驗”推斷出目標詞的意思小結(jié)9：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境 4.構(gòu)詞法

5.背景常識經(jīng)驗e.g.18In1901,H.G.Wells,anEnglishwriter,wroteabookdescribingatriptothemoon.Whentheexplorers(探險者)landedonthemoon,theydiscoveredthatthemoonwasfullofundergroundcities.Theyexpressedtheirsurprisetothe“moonpeople”theymet.Inturn,the“moonpeople”expressedtheirsurprise.“Why,”theyasked,“areyoutravelingtoouterspacewhenyoudon’tevenuseyourinnerspace?”H.G.Wellscouldonlyimaginetraveltothemoon.In1969,humanbeingsreallydidlandonthemoon.Peopletodayknowthattherearenoundergroundcitiesonthemoon.However,thequestionthatthe“moonpeople”askedisstillaninterestingone.Agrowingnumberofscientistsareseriouslythinkingaboutit.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”(Paragraph2)referto?A.Discoveringthemoon’sinnerspace.B.Usingtheearth’sinnerspace.C.Meetingthe“moonpeople”again.D.Travelingtoouterapace.(江西2002閱讀理解A）e.g.19Ifthewindisblowingfromtheside,itisblowingacrosstheboat.Inthiscase,youmustkeepthesailhalfwayoutsidetheboat.Itshouldbeat45°angletotheboat.Itneedstobeoutfarenoughtocatchthewind,butitshouldn’tflap

（擺動）…Whatdoestheword“It”underlinedinParagraph4referto?A.Theboat.B.Thewind.C.Thesail.D.Theangle.(全國II

2012閱讀理解B）小結(jié)10:一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境 4.構(gòu)詞法

5.背景常識經(jīng)驗二.運用就近和邏輯一致原則找指代e.g.20Evenourfathersdroppedtheirtoolsandjoinedus.Ourmotherstooktheirturn,laughinglikeschoolgirls.Ithinkwewereallbesideourselves.Parentsforgottheirdutyanddignity;childrenforgottheireverydayfightsandlittlejealousies（妒忌）.Perhapsit’slikeinthekingdomofheaven.By“wewereallbesideourselves”,thewritermeansthattheywereall______.A.feltconfused B.wentwildwithjoyC.lookedon D.forgottheirfights

(浙江2011閱讀理解D）小結(jié)11：一.巧用線索猜詞義1.語法關(guān)系 2.邏輯關(guān)系

3.上下文語境 4.構(gòu)詞法

5.背景常識經(jīng)驗二.運用就近和邏輯一致原則找指代三.利用意義吻合推句意課堂小結(jié)生活常識上下文就近指代構(gòu)詞法邏輯關(guān)系語法關(guān)系猜意義吻合定語從句、下定義、標點列舉、同義、反義（對比、轉(zhuǎn)折）、因果Practicemakesperfect!

鞏固練習(xí)3.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.1.Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal,usuallythemaleclaimsasitsown.2.Fraud,anillegalactionofdeceivingpeopleinordertogettheirmoney,isagrowingproblem.4.Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltopeople'shealth.Theyalsoregarddrinkingasharmful.

5.Tomisconsideredanautocraticadministrator（管理人員）becausehemakesdecisionswithoutseekingtheopinionsofothers．6.Onemorning,however，Ifounditsbedempty．Mydollwasgone!Icriedforit．Mumweptandtoldmethatthepoorlittlethinghadbeensenttoahospital．Ithadafever.Forseveraldays，IheardMumandDadwhisperingsuchwordsas“hopeless”，“pitiful”，and“dying”,whichsounded

Ominous．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ominous”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Impossible．B．Boring．C．Difficult．D．Fearful．(重慶2012閱讀理解A）7.…Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobea

hassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.…Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hassle”probablymean?A.Apartydesignedbyspecialists.B.Aplanrequiringcarefulthought.C.Asituationcausingdifficultyortrouble.D.Ademandmadebyguests.8.

Thefineselectionofthemajorworks

wasdoneinclosecollaboration（合作）withMuseoNcionalReinSofiainMadrid,Spain,andwithcontributions

fromotherinstitutions（公共機構(gòu)）liketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Artworks.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

(全國I

2015閱讀理解B）9.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemind(boy)atwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfectotherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare,“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.

downside(全國II

2016閱讀理解B）10.Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect,Praise-aholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseekthesamekindofapprovalfromtheirfriendswhenaskediftheywattogointhebackseatofthecar.The

underlinedword“Praise-aholickids“refertokidswhoare________．

A．tiredofbeingpraised

B．worthyofbeingpraised

C．veryproudofbeingpraisedD．extremelyfondofbeingpraised

11.ISScrewmembers(astronauts)usuallyliveinspaceforatleastaquarterofayear.TheyworkfivedaysonandtwodaysofftomimicthenormalwaytheydothingsonEarthasmuchaspossible.Whatdoestheword“mimic”inParagraph1probablymean?A.Find. B.Copy.C.Change.D.Lose

(遼寧2012閱讀理解B）12.“Myfriendsaid,‘NowIbelieveyourstories,’”Weltyadded.“AndIsaid,‘Nowyouknow.Thesearethepeoplethatmakemewritethem.’”Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6refertoWelty’s________.A.ReadersB.partiesC.friends D.stories13.Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou‘refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill,andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn‘tseeeachotherallthatregularl