考研基礎(chǔ)語法課程

本資料由天天向上提供，本站唯一永久聯(lián)系.如果您覺得好請們本站2012VIP英語政治數(shù)學單科均是100元，兩科150元，三科250。同時2011對應(yīng)的全程班以及配套講義注意100元=2012全程班 基礎(chǔ)語法講主講：歡迎使一、簡單句和并列主語+謂語（及物動詞）+主語+系動詞+兩類系動詞：①be②一些實義動詞用作系動詞：feel,taste,smell并列句：一個句子當中包含兩個或互不相依存的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，中間用一些連接詞連and,aswellas,either…or…，neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…eg:LastyearImetKateandwebecamefriends.Eithermyunclecandoit,ormyauntcandoeg:Ithasnomouth,butitcaneg:Helikedsports,whileIwouldrathercollect練習：20096Cerling‘steamcollectedtapwatersamplesfrom600citiesandconstructedamopoftheregionaldifferences.（簡單句）Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesofbothelementsarealsopresentasheavierisotopes.（并列句）二、句子成（一）.I,you,he,she, me,you,him,her,it,my,your,his,her,①形容詞性物主代詞：myyourhis,herourtheir②名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs，后面不能加名詞。eg:MayIborrowyourpen?Mineiseg：ImyselftookMarytotheIcookedit指示代詞：this,thatthese,all,each,allevery可以指代三個或三個以上的人或物；all可以表示所有東西的總和，是一個不可分割的整體；each只能表示兩個或兩個以上的人，側(cè)重；②all和every側(cè)重整體，each側(cè)重eg：EverystaffoftheuniversitycontributedtotheTwogirlscame,andI anappletoeveryone＆everyeveryoneeverybody，allpeopleeg：Everyonethinkstheyhavetherighttobeeveryone既可以指人，也可以指物，強調(diào)一個，通常用everyoneofeg：Everyoneofushasfaults Everyoneofthe wehaveshownthisyearhasbeenanonoone只能指人，none既可以指人，也可以指物，noneof；eg：Noonefailedtheexamination.Noneofthestudentsfailedtheititeg：It'sthreeyearssinceIsawiteg：I'velostmybook.WhereisThereisnodoubtaboutitthathewasafineiteg：Isitpossibletolearntypewritingveryit做形式賓語，通常放在謂語動詞和賓語補足語（形容詞）之間，真正的賓語放常見動詞有：feel,considerfindbelieve,make,take,imagine,thinksuppose,regardeg：Shethinksitnouselingme.Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldn'tagreetotheitIt's…that/who…itit？eg：It'sclearthattheyhave（二）the，或者直接用復(fù)數(shù)名詞，或者加上數(shù)詞來進行限定。s/esyyi，再加es,eg：SeveralhundredswereondutyatthedemonstrationCattleareallowedtograzeonthevillage①apieceof②abitof、anitemof、anarticlesand＆sand（wood＆wood（，goods（，asheg：GermanyisaEuropeaneg：Isthisthebookthatyouarelooking（三）

eg：Doyouknowwhoinventedtheplaythepiano、the表示大約的詞匯：about，approxima y，around，roughly，some，moreorless,orso;eg：About200peoplewerekilledinthecrash.Thetownis5orsofrom表示多于的詞匯：above，morethan,表示少于，不到的詞匯：almost，below，lessthan,undereg：It's2:57,andit'salmost3o'clockdozen、score、decade、hundred、thousand、eg：Therearemillionsofkindsofmatterinthe（四）eg：Shehasmanypencils,blueandeg：Ithinkheisamansuitableforthebe作定語時，表示特定的 AcertainMr.Wangjustcameheretolookforbe作定語時，表示完全的late:作定語時，表示已故的；作表語時，表示晚的、的eg:theold,thepoor,theblind,therich,theyoung,theseldomhardlyrarely，形容詞和副詞的一些沒有的形容詞和副詞①單詞本身的含義是表示比……年長比……優(yōu)秀比……優(yōu)等時沒有概念；②有些單詞本身的含義即是最，獨一無二，沒有概念；absolute，entire，excellent，favorite，final. （

eg：ThephotographyofMarstakenbysalitearemuchclearerthanthosetaken③特殊用法詞匯eg：Heismorecleverthanhonest.the+：越來越……eg：Theharderyouwork,themoreyouwill三、時態(tài)和（一）時eg：Igetupat7o'clockintheIleaveschoolforhomeat6everyeg：Theteachertoldus:theearthmovesaroundtheShanghailiesintheeastofed或不規(guī)則變化的動詞；常用時間狀語有：yesterdaylastweek,anhourago,theotherdayin1982eg：DidyougotoShanghailast補充：usedto/beusedusedtodo："過去常常"，表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在；eg：Mikeusedtotakeawalk.beusedto+ ng"習慣于"，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動eg：MikeisusedtotakingaHeisusedtotakingashowerwithcoldbeusedtodoeg：LeavesareusedtofightenemiesinKongfumoviesastheYourphonenumberagain?I quitecatch A. B. C. D..一般過去式和過去完成時的對比eg：BeforeIcametoBeijing,Ihadstayedineg：Whenthearrived,thethieveshadrunhope,wishexpect,thinkintend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時eg：Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyouWehadthoughtthathewouldtakepartinthecompetition，butheeg：Ifyouhadcometomybirthdayparty,youwouldhaveseen shallwill所代替;eg：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？begoingto+不定式，表示將來；表示要發(fā)生的事情有了預(yù)先的計劃、準備或有跡eg：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?Whatwillyoudothisafternoon?will（3）be不定式：表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事；eg：Weareto/willdiscussthereportnextSaturday.（4）beaboutto不定式：意為馬上做某事，后面不可以接時間狀語；eg：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.eg：Thetrainleavesatsixtomorrowcomegoarrive,leave,start,beginreturn的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來，主要用eg：Whendoesthebusstar?Itstarsinteneg：I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarriveincome,go,startarrive,leave,stayeg：IhavejustfinishedmyIthasrainedfor3過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別eg：IcametoBeijinginIhavestayedinBeijingsince間現(xiàn)在完成時常用時間狀語：forsincesofar…（長期的段時間）eg：Hehaddinnerwithmeyesterday.Ihaveplayedbasketballfor3現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)動詞一般是延續(xù)性的如live,teach,learn,work,study,know；過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come,go,leave,start,die,finish, e,getmarried等；eg：HegotmarriedtwoyearsIhavelivedinBeijingfor10用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句Itisthefirstsecondtime…that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.ItwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenThisisthethat…結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)這是我看過的最好的Thisisthefirsttime(that)I'veheardhimsing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。HaveyoubeentoourtownNo,it'sthefirsttimeIA.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,haveDeverneverThisisthelargestfishIhaveeverseen.Itis/wasthefirsttime+that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成sincefor的用法since用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度;eg：Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasforsincesince后面也出現(xiàn)時間段，則ago；egIhavelivedheresincetwentyyearsago.錯句：Ihaveworkedheresincemanyyears.since句型：Itis一段時間since從句，sinceeg：ItistwoyearssinceIbecameapostgraduateItisthreeyearssinceIjoinedtheeg：Ithasrainedfor3days.Ithasbeenrainingfor3eg：IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5IhavebeenlearnedEnglishfor5（二）語am/is/are+am/is/are+being+was/were+was/were+being+eg：ForesthavebeenTheyweregivenawarmsendTheirweddingwillbeheldinthechurch.eg：Thebookwaswritten20yearsago.四四 舉例1.2009年12月Despitethehardshipheencountered,Marknever 放棄：giveup,giveup/abandon/quitthepursuitofknowledgegaveup/abandoned/quit thepursuitofknowledge2.2009年6月Thestudyshowsthatthepoorfunctioningofthehumanbody 切相關(guān) becloselyrelatedto：thelackofexercisesiscloselyrelatedtothelackof3.2008年12月

( havereceiveddecidedto創(chuàng)業(yè)：launchtheirownenterprisedecidedtolaunchtheirownenterprise4.2008年6月出了毛?。簅utofSomethingmustbeoutofcontrol/wrong五、定語從eg：IknowtheThegirlcomesfromIknowthegirlwhocomesfromwhowhich替換；thatwhowhicheg：IlikereadingThebookswerewrittenbyOIlikereadingbookswhichwerewrittenbyOHenry.eg：Iplantedatree.ThetreeistallerthantheThetreewhichIplantedistallerthanthewho/that/whicheg：TheteacherprizedtheTheboyismyTheboywhotheteacherprizedismyneighbor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouarelookingfortheThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingfor.eg：Thisisthebook.YouareinterestedintheThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedeg：lookfor,beinterestedin,lookafter,lookwhich/who/that的前面；eg:ThisisthebookwhichyouarelookingThisisthebookwhichyouareinterestedin.Thisisthebookinwhichyouareinterested.Thisisthebookwhichyouaskedfor.eg：BeijingistheIwasbornintheBeijingistheplacewhichIwasbornin.BeijingistheplaceinwhichIwas定語從句中，如果介詞+whichwhereBeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.eg:Ican'tforgettheday.IjointhearmyontheIcan'tforgetthedaywhichIjointhearmyon.Ican'tforgetthedayonwhichIjointhearmy.Ican'tforgetthedaywhenIjointhearmy.判斷：ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastThisisthemountainvillageinwhichIvisitedlastyear.ThisisthemountainvillagewhichIvisitedinlast正確：Thisisthemountainvillagewhich/thatIvisitedlasteg：IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithIwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.IwillneverforgetthedayswhichIspentinthecountryside.eg：Isthisthemuseum（that）youvisitedafewdaysago?themuseumvisit的賓語Isthisthemuseum(inwhich/where)theexhibitionwas介詞+whichwhen，where5eg:Inourschool，therewere8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.（句Inourschool，therewere8foreignteacherswhocomefromAustralia.（定語從句eg：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlasteg:Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourWewillspendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,whichwasdecidedlastyear.Thisisthehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth.which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句只能放在后面，as則只能放在句eg:Smokingisharmfultoourheath,whichweknow.Smokingisharmfultoourheath,asweknow.Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooureg：Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss（）cameasasurpriseA. B.thatC.asD.(3)thatwhich①什么時候不能用that，只能用which：非限定性定語從句中，即逗號之后；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamoushere.thatwhich；eg：Thetree,thatis400yearsold,whichisveryfamousWedependontheland,hat：因為；all，anything，nothing，theonemuch，littleeg：HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.Leehastheonlytheveryeg：Thisistheonlywaythatwecanthink③如果先行詞中出現(xiàn)了序數(shù)詞和形容詞eg：ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveevereg：Theyaretalkingabouttheschoolandtheteachersthattheyvisited例：Medical Theyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answerstotheseTherearemanyproblemswhichtheyhaven’tfoundsolutions/answers（，thisComparedwiththeplaceinwhich/whereIgrew例（聽到他告訴我的消息，Icouldn’t helplaughing．Hearingthenewswhich/thathetoldme,例：CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.thewaythatwhichinwhich，六.eg：Iknowtheman,theoftheNewOrientaleg：HeisaAreyouaWhoisaeg：IknowtheHeisaIknowthefactthatheisastudent.eg：Ihaveaquestion.AreyouaIhaveaquestionwhetheryouareastudent.Ihaveaquestionwhoisastudent. answer，belief，concept，explanation，fact，hope,message,news,promise,prove,question,thought等，后面可以接同位語從句；that引導(dǎo)；whetherif；eg：ThenewssoonspreadthewholeTheyhadwontheThenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadthewholeschool.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamecame.Newscamethattheyhadwonthegame.eg：Informationhasbeenissued.

MoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtoInformationthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversitieshasInformationhasbeenissuedthatmoremiddleschoolstudentwillbeadmittedtouniversities. ThequestionwasansweredbythefamilydoctorWhetherweshouldsendforanThequestionwhetherweshouldsendforanspecialistwasansweredbythefamilyweather，howwhat,when,wherewhywhen前面的名詞是地點，where前面的名詞是時間，whywhen,where,why前面不是地如果關(guān)系詞為which，則通過中文翻譯進行區(qū)分；若which能翻譯成哪一個，則一定是同位thatthat在句子中充當成分，則eg：Thesuggestionthatsheshouldstayintheroomisgood.Thesuggestionthatshehasgiveninthemeetingis例：Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation'smoralclimate,saysthisethicsprofessorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.eg：WemustfindoutwhodidallIwanttoknowwhetherhewillcome.Ihopethathewillcome.eg：Theteachertoldusthattheearthiseg：ToddPark,alocaldetective,saidthemethodhashelpedhimlearnmoreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeletonwasfoundnearGreatSaltLake.thatthateg：Ithinkthatyouaredon'tdoubtthat；eg：Idoubtwhetherheislingthetruth.Idon'tthatheislingthetruth.wonderIwonderif think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到eg：Idon'tthinkIknowIdon'tbelievehewill seem,appearItdoesn'tseemthattheyknowwheretoItdoesn'tappearthatwe'llhaveasunnyday

eg：ChinaisnolongerwhatsheusedtoThequestioniswhoisresponsibleforwhathaseg：Thatthecollegewilltakeinmorestudentsistrue.Whetherhewillcomeornothasn'tbeendecided.Whyheisn'thereisnotcleartoeveryone.itItis+名詞+eg：ItisapitythatyoushouldhavetoItis+形容詞+eg：ItisclearthatthewholeprojectisduetoItisnecessary/important/strange/natural+that引導(dǎo)的主語從句，從句中的謂語動詞一定要用should+動詞；eg：ItisnecessarythatoneshouldmastertheskillsofoperatingItis+過去分詞+主語從句；Itissaid/planted/expected…eg：ItissaidthatBushwillvisitourschoolnextItis+不及物動詞+形容詞表語形式+主語從句；eg：Itseemedcertainthathewillwintheprize.eg：Weathershewillcomeornotisunknown.（主語從句）Itisunknownwhetherhewillcomeornot.（主語從句）Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.（賓語從句）Thequestioniswhetherhewillcomeornot.（表語從句）Thequestionwhetherhewillcomeornotisnotsettled.（同位語從句）例：096月 (很多人沒有的)isthatSimonisaloverofsports,andfootballparticularwhatmanypeople 例：0812月Itwasverydark,butMaryseemedto (本能地知道該走哪條路knowwhichwaytotakebyinstinct例：0712月Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat Ifeel/gettiredmoreeasilythan例：08年6Globalwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentalcrisisofthe21stcentury,but-regardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.例：Becausetheyusuallyreceivethesamescoreonstandardexaminations.Thereisoftendisagreementatwhoisthebetterstudent,Bobor 例：08年12Yourresumeshouldattractawould-beboss'sattentionbydemonstrating whyyouwouldbethebestcandidateforacertain例：SincemychildhoodIhavefoundthat (沒有什么比讀書對我更有Nothingismoreattractive/appealingtomethaneg：IgotupIwaslateforBecauseIgotuplate,Iwaslateforschool.（原因狀語從句Igotuplate，soIwaslateforschool.（結(jié)果狀語從句wherewherever，everywhereeg：WhereIlivethereareplentyofWhereveryouwork,youwillgainmuchvaluableexperienceaslongasyouareto

Wherever=nomatterEverywheretheywent,theywerewarmlyreceived.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.eg:Whereyouareconfident，youwilleg：Wherepreviouslythebankhadconcentratedonthebiginfrastructureprojects,suchasdams,roadsandbridges，itbegintoswitchtoprojectswhichdirectlyimprovedthebasicservicesofacountry.concentratedonas,asif,asthough，thewaywhateg：AlwaysdototheothersasyouwouldbedoneWhenenterRomedoastheRomansas從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像asif/though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的eg：They yignorethesefactsasif(asthough)theyneverHelooksasif(asthough)hehadbeenhitbyItlooksasiftheweathermaypickupverytheway：可以連接兩個句子，表達就像……一樣；eg：Ishoulddothejobthewaymyfatherdid.ManyEuropeansnowapparentlyviewtheUS.thewaymanyAmericansviewMexicanasacheapplacetovacation,shopandparty.eg：Airistomanwhat/aswateristo句型：AistoBwhatCistoeg：A1Gorecallsglobalwarmingan"inconvenienttruth,"asifmerelyrecognizingitcouldputusonapathtoasolution.putsb.onapathtoasolutionthat,sothatinorderthat,lest,forfearthat,incaselest：以防；從句中的謂語動詞必須用should+動詞eg:Hewrotethenamedownforfearthat(lest)heshouldforgetHetooktheumbrellawithhimlestitshouldincaselesteg：Taketheumbrellawithyouincaseitrains.forfeatthatlest保持一致；eg：Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedsothatparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipantsdown.sothatsuch…that引導(dǎo)；so保留，that可以省略；如此……以至eg：Hedidn'tabidebythecontractsothathewasfined.Hewassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.Hemadesuchaninspiringspeechthateverybodygot比較：so（1）so：so+形容詞、副詞+that；so+形容詞+a/an+名詞+that；eg：Thewindwassostrongthatwecouldhardlymoveforward.HerunssofastthatIcouldn'tcatchupwithItwassohotadaythatcropsHeissolovelyaboythateveryoneloveseg：Itwassuchahotdaythatcropswilted.Heissuchalovelyboythateveryonelovesas…（not) the+eg：Lighttravelsfastthansound.the+：eg：Thesooner，theeg：Girlsarethusseenaslessvaluablethanboysandartkeptathometodohouseworkwhiletheirbrothersaresenttoschool-theprophecy（) esself-fulfilling,trapwomeninaviciouscircle(惡性循環(huán))ofneglect.6當……的時候：while,when,as；eg：WhenIwaswatchingTV,mymothercameback.eg：Myfatheriscookingwhilemymotherisreadingnewspaper.eg：Astimewentby,thedaysbecamelongerandtheminute，themoment,theinstant也可表示；nosooner…than,hardly…eg：Iwillwritetoyouthemoment/minuteIarrivedin特殊單詞：bythetimethat,every/eachtime（"做某事直至某時"eg:Isleptuntilmidnight.WaittillIcallShedidn'tarriveuntil6Untiltilleg:Untilyoutoldme,Ihadheardnothingofwhateg：Asyousleepyoupassthroughasequenceofsleepstates—lightsleep,deepsleepandREM(rapideyemovement)sleep—thatrepeatsapproximayevery90minutes.連接詞：if,once,aslongas,onconditioneg：IfwintercomescanspringbefarAslongasitdoesn'train,wecanYoucangooutonconditionthatyouwearanModerncarsarefartoughertosteal,astheirenginemanagementcomputerwon'tallowthemstartunlesstheyreceiveauniqueIDcodebeamedoutbytheignition點火)連接詞：because,since,as,for，nowthat,inthat,owingto,dueto,thanksto,becauseof,asaresultof;比較：because,sinceasas或since。Ididn'tgo,becauseIwasSince/Astheweatherissobad,wehavetodelayourbecausefor來代替。但如果for。Heisabsenttoday,because/forheisill.Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.nowthatinthateg：Nowthatthissemesterisfinished,Iamgoingtorestafewdaysandtakeatrip.Humanbeingsaredifferentfromanimalsinthathumancanspeakandthink.though,although，as,whileeven區(qū)分eg：Although/thoughheisachild,hecanlivebyhimself.as表示雖然的時候，要進行倒裝；Childas/thoughheis,hecanlivebyhimself.eg：Although/thoughsheworksveryhard,shemakesverylittleprogress.Hardassheworks,shemakesverylittleAlthough/thoughsheisyoung;shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.Youngassheis,shehastravelledtomanycountriestoputshows.eg：Heisexperiencedwhileheisyoung.Theanti-agentwasnotknown untiladoctorfinditbychance.Iwouldprefershoponlinetoshopinadepartmentstorebecause itismoreconvenientandButsincewaterismuchcheaperthanwine,andmanyofthefancierbrandsaren’tavailableinstores,mostdinersdon’tnoticeorcare.Whilethere’snoquestionthatcontinuousstressisharmful,severalstudiessuggestthatchallengingsituationsinwhichyou’reabletorisetotheoccasioncanbegoodforyou.whowhich；that既可以指人又可以指物。which/who/thatwhich正好表whenwherewhy；eg:Hewonthefirstplaceinthecompetition,whichisoutofourwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句只能放在后面，as則只能放在名詞性從句：主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句及同謂語從句；形式：名詞+從句；連接詞that一般疑問句變成陳述句語序，然后在其前加上weather或者if；特殊疑問句：直接保留特殊eg.Yuminhong,theofNewOriental狀語從句:兩個獨立的句子中間用一些含義不同的連接詞連接；狀語從句用來表達兩個句子目的狀語、比較狀語、方式狀語等九大類型；定語從句是名詞+關(guān)系詞+that引導(dǎo)；一般疑問句：先把一般疑問句變成陳述句語序，然后在其前加上when，where，why如果前面不是時間、地點、人物，那么是同謂語從句；如果是Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved. Iworryaboutwhetherhecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness. 我擔心他是否能度過疾病的期。Theyareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherthemanis （同謂語從句Attimewhenhiringqualified peopleis ，employerscaneliminate biasfromtheprocesshaveadistinctadvantage.（定語從句）在雇傭合格人才變得越來越的時期那些能夠在雇傭過程中消除站不住腳的偏見的雇主Eg.While（讓步狀語從句）eventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhen（時間狀語從句）theyputpentopaperbeforethe1960seventhemos