高三英語復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練(語法)

高三英語復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練

1.名詞名詞可以分為專有名詞和普通名詞，專有名詞是某個（些）人，地方，機構(gòu)等專有的名

稱，如Beijing,China等。普通名詞是一類人或東西或是一個抽象概念的名詞,如：book,sadness

等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類：

1）個體名詞：表示某類人或東西中的個體，如：gun。

2）集體名詞：表示若干個個體組成的集合體，如：family。

3）物質(zhì)名詞：表示無法分為個體的實物，如：airo

4）抽象名詞：表示動作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：worko

個體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來計算，稱為可數(shù)名詞，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目計

算，稱為不可數(shù)名詞。

1.1名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法、讀音、例詞。

一般情況加-s清輔音后讀/s/map-maps濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bags/car-cars

以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾加-es讀/iz/bus-buses/watch-watches

以ce,se,ze,等結(jié)尾加-s讀/iz/license-licenses

以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加es讀/z/baby—babies

1.2其它名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化

1）以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加s變熨數(shù)。例如：

twoMarystheHenrysmonkey-monkeysholiday-holidays

2）以。結(jié)尾的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時：

a.力口s,如：photo——photospiano——pianosradio-radioszoo——zoos；

b.力口es,如：potato-potatoestomato—tomatoes

c.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如zero---zeros/zeroeso

3）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：

a.力口s,如：belief---beliefsroof■■-roofssafe-一safesgulf-gulfs；

b.去f,fe力口ves,如：half-halvesknife—knivesleaf—leaves

wolf■一wolveswife--wiveslife—livesthief--thieves；

c.上述a和b兩種方法均可，如handkerchief:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves.scarf

1.3名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化

1）child---childrenfoot--feettooth-teethmouse---miceman---menwoman---women

注意：由一個詞加man或woman構(gòu)成的合成詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式也是-men和-women,如an

Englishman,twoEnglishmeno但German不是合成詞，故復(fù)數(shù)形式為Germans；Bowman是姓，

其復(fù)數(shù)是theBowmanso

2）單復(fù)同形，如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese,li,jin,yuan,twoli,threemu,four

jin等。但除人民幣的元、角、分外，美元、英鎊、法郎等都有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：adollar,twodollars;

ameter,twometerso

3）集體名詞，以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，但實為復(fù)數(shù)。例如：peoplepolicecattle等本身就是復(fù)數(shù)，不

能說apeople,apolice,acattle,但可以說aperson,apoliceman,aheadofcattle,theEnglish,the

British,theFrench,theChinese,theJapanese,theSwiss等名詞，表示國民總稱時，作復(fù)數(shù)用,

如TheChineseareindustriesandbrave.中國人民是勤勞勇敢的。

4）以s結(jié)尾，仍為單數(shù)的名詞，如：

a.maths,politics,physics等學(xué)科名詞,一般是不可數(shù)名詞,為單數(shù)。

b.news為不可數(shù)名詞。

c.theUnitedStates,theUnitedNations應(yīng)視為單數(shù)。

TheUnitedNationswasorganizedin1945.聯(lián)合國是1945年組建起來的。

d.以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書名，劇名，報紙，雜志名，也可視為單數(shù)。例如：

"TheArabianNights11isaveryinterestingstory-book.《“千零?夜》是一本非常有趣的故事書。

5）表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的東西，如：glasses（眼鏡）trousers,clothes等，若表達具體數(shù)目，

要借助數(shù)量詞pair（對，雙）；suit（套）；apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers等0

6）另外還有一些名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式有時可表示特別意思，如：goods貨物，waters水域，fishes

（各種）魚。

1.4不可數(shù)名詞量的表示

1）物質(zhì)名詞

a.當物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個體名詞時為可數(shù)。

比較：Cakeisakindoffood.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)）

Thesecakesaresweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)）

b.當物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類時，可數(shù)。例如：

Thisfactoryproducessteel.（不可數(shù)）

Weneedvarioussteels.（可數(shù)）

c.當物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時，可數(shù)。例如：

Ourcountryisfamousfortea.我國因茶葉而聞名。

Twoteas,please.請來兩杯茶。

2）抽象名詞表示具體的事例時也可數(shù)。例如：

fourfreedoms四大自由thefourmodernizations四個現(xiàn)代化

物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量，如aglassofwater一杯水/apieceofadvice

一則建議。

5.定語名詞的復(fù)數(shù)

名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)，但也有以下例外。

1）用復(fù)數(shù)作定語。例如：

sportsmeeting運動會studentsreading-room學(xué)生閱覽室

talkstable談判桌theforeignlanguagesdepartment外語系

2）man,woman,gentleman等作定語時，其單復(fù)數(shù)以所修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。例如：

menworkerswomenteachersgentlemenofficials

3）有些原有s結(jié)尾的名詞，作定語時，s保留。例如：

goodstrain（貨車）armsproduce武器生產(chǎn)

customspapers海關(guān)文件clothesbrush衣刷

4）數(shù)詞+名詞作定語時，這個名詞一般保留單數(shù)形式。例如：

two-dozeneggs兩打雞蛋aten-milewalk十英里路

two-hundredtrees兩百棵樹afive-yearplan.一個五年計劃

1.6不同國籍人的單復(fù)數(shù)

國籍總稱（謂語用復(fù)數(shù)）單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)

中國人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese

瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss

澳大利亞人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians

俄國人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians

意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians

希臘人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks

法國人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen

13本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese

美I玉I人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans

E[1度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians

加I拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians

德國人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans

英國人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen

瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedes

1.7名詞的格

英語中有些名詞可以加入”來表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：

ateacher'sbooko名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：

1）單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“'s”，復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要）口飛「如theboy*sbag男孩的書包，men'sroom

男廁所。

2）若名詞已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾?s,只加“$0：theworkers'struggle工人的斗爭。

3）凡不能加“'s”的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of+名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系，如：thetitleofthesong

歌的名字。

4）在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞，如：

thebarber*s理發(fā)店。

5）如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有4則表示“分別有“；只有一個，s,則表示夬有、例如：

John'sandMary'srooms（兩間）JohnandMary'sroom（一問）

6）復(fù)合名詞或短語，'s加在最后一個詞的詞尾。例如：amonthortwo'sabsence

1.8練習(xí)

1.Hewaseagertomakesomeextramoney,sinceduringtheseyearshecouldhardlyliveon

his.a.littlewageb.fewwagec.waged.wages

2.Mostofthehousesinthevillagewereburnttoduringthewar.

a.anashb.theashc.ashd.ashes

3.ThestudentsatcollegesoruniversitiesaremakingforthecomingNewYear.

a.manypreparationsb.muchpreparationc.preparationsd.preparation

4.Paintinginisoneoftheirspare-timeactivities.

a.oilb.anoilc.oilsd.theoil

5.Intheviewoftheforeignexperts,therewasn'toilhere.

a.muchb.lotsofc.agreatdealofcl.many

6.Thelargehousesarebeingpainted,but.

a.ofgreatexpenseb.atagreatexpensec.inalotofexpensesd.byhighexpense

7.Theroomwassmallandcontainedfartoo.

a.muchnewfurniturec.muchnewfurnitures

b.manynewfurnitured.manynewfurnitures

8.Jimwaslatefbrtwoclassesthismorning.Hesaidthathefbrgotbothofthe.

a.roomsnumberb.roomnumberc.room'snumbersd.roomnumbers

9.Computerscandoworkinashorttime,butamancannotdobyhimself,

agreatmany...manyc.much...agreatdeal

b.agreatdealof...muchd.many...agreatmany

10.Shedidn'lknowhehadbeengiven.

a.howmanyinformationc.howmanyinformations

b.thenumberofinformationd.howmuchinformation

11.Heinvitedallofhistojoinhisweddingparty,

rades-in-arm

rade-in-arm

12.Alltheinthehospitalgotariselastmonth.

a.womendoctorsc.womandoctors

b.womendoctord.womandoctor

13.Aftertenyears,alltheseyoungstersbecame.

a.growns-upsc.growns-up

b.grown-upd.grown-ups

14.Thepoliceinvestigatedthoseabouttheaccident,

a.stander-byc.standers-by

b.stander-bysd.standers-bys

15.TheNazikeptthoseintheirconcentrationcamp.

a.prisoner-of-warsc.prisoners-of-war

b.prisoners-of-warsd.prisoner-of-war

16.ThemanagerwasgreatlyappreciatethatmadebyLindalately,

a.newreelb.newsreelc.new-reelsd.newsreels

17.Mary'sdressissimilarinappearancetoher.

a.eldersisterb.eldersister'sc.eldersistersd.eldersistersdress

18.Allthepeopleattheconferenceare.

a.mathematicteachersc.mathematicsteacher

b.mathematicsteachersd.mathematic'steachers

19.ProfessorMackaytoldusthatofleadareitssoftnessanditsresistance,

perties

perty

2O.Physicswithmatterandmotion.

a.dealb.dealsc.dealingd.are

21.Hehaswrittenseveralbooks,buthislastworks___wellknownamonghisfriends,

a.haveb.havebeenc.isd.are

22.Afterhecheckedupmyheart,thedoctoradvisedhimtorestforafewdays.

a.father-in-law'sc.father's-in-law

b.father-in-lawd.father's?in-law's

23.Hetoldmewouldcometohisbirthdayparty.

a.manyJackfriendsc.manyJack'sfriend

b.Jack'smanyfriendsd.manyfriendsofJack's

24.1hadmyhaircutatthearoundthecomer.

a.barberb.barbersc.barber'sd.barbers5

25.Yesterdayeveningwehadalovelyeveningat.

a.PeterandHelen'sc.PeterandHelen

b.PeterandHelensd.Peter'sandHelen's

26.receivesonlyasmallportionofthetotalamountofthesun'senergy.

a.Theearth'ssurfacec.Thesurfaceofearth

b.Thesurfaceearthd.Theearthsurface

27.Numerousmaterialsareavailableto.

a.todayofdesignersc.today'sofdesigners

b.today'sdesignersd.todaydesigners

28.WhydidyouspeaktoPeterthatway?Don'tyouknowheisanoldfriendof?

a.mybrotherb.mybrothersc.mybrother'sd.mybrother'sfriend

29.isawell-informedman.Hecantellyouanythingyouwanttoknow.

a.ThisJohn'soldfriendc.That'sJahn'soldfriend

b.ThisoldfriendofJohnd.ThisoldfriendofJohn's

30.istoomuchforalittleboytocarry.

a.Abike'sweightc.Theweightofabike

b.Theweightsofabiked.Bile'sweight

31.GenerallytherearetelevisionprogramsforchildrenonSaturday.

a.littleb.muchc.alargenumberofd.alargeamountof

32.Whentheygottothelecture-room,therewereleft.

lonlyfewseatsb.averyfewseatsc.onlyafewseatsd.soafewseats

33.travelsfasterwhenthezipcodeisindicatedontheenvelope.

a.Alittlemailb.Apieceofmailc.Amaild.Asmallmail

34.TheDepartmentpurchasedtoimprovetheworkingconditionsthere.

a.anewequipmentc.newequipments

b.anewpieceofequipmentd.newpiecesofequipments

35.Theboytriedhardbuttherehasbeeninhiswork.

a.littleimprovementc.manyimprovements

b.alittleimprovementd.fewimprovements

36.Today'smodemTVcamerasrequirelightascomparedwiththeearliermodels,

a.onlyafewb.onlyfewc.onlyalittled.onlylittle

37.Nocountrycanaffordtoneglect.

cationd.theeducation

38.Pleasewritetheanswerstothequestionsattheendof.

a.eighthchapterb.chaptereightc.eightchapterd.chaptertheeight

39.isonlysurpassedbythatofmonkeys?andapes'.

a.Theintelligentdogc.Theintelligenceofdogs

b.Thedogswhoseintelligenced.Thedogsbeingintelligent

40.A11musttakethegraduateManagementAdmissionTest.

a.businessstudentb.business'sstudentsc.businessstudentsd.business'sstudent

41.anywhereintheUnitedStatescostslessthanadollarwhenyoudialityourself.

a.Threeminutescallc.Athree-minutescall

b.Three-minutecalld.Athree-minutecall

42.Theaboutnuclearenergyrevolvesaroundthewasteproblem,

a.public'schiefconcernc.chiefpublicconcern

b.publicchiefconcernd.chiefconcernofpublic's

43.thefirstandlargestethnicgrouptoworkontheconstructionofthetranscontinentalrailroad,

a.Chinesewereb.TheChinesewasc.Chinesewasd.TheChinesewere

44.cangetabetterviewofthegamethantheparticipants.

a.Looker-onb.Lookers-onc.Looker-onsc.Lookers-ons

45.Agroupofspectatorswasdispersedbythepolicewhoatthesceneoftheaccidentswithin

minutes.

a.wereb.havebeenc.wasd.hasbeen

46.Ourlivestocknotasnumerousastheyusedtobe.

a.isb.arec.bed.been

47.Oneofthemostsurprisingthingsisthatmaycomefrompetroleum.

a.muchoftomorrowfoodc.manyoftomorrow'sfood

b.muchofthefoodoftomorrowd.muchoftomorrow'sfood

48.Scottisanorphanbuthereceived.

a.verygoodeducationc.averygoodeducation

b.verygoodeducationsd.manygoodeducations

49.Afterseveralday'shardworking,wehavemadeonthedesign.

a.muchimprovementc.manyimprovement

b.severalimprovementsd.someimprovement

5O.Theboywasveryhappythathismotherboughthimanewpairofshoesatayesterday.

a.shoesshopb.shoeshopc.shoes'sshopd.shoe's

51.Eggs,thoughnourishing,haveoffatcontent.

a.largenumberb.alargenumberc.ahighamountd.thehighamount

52.Hehasdonesomeonthatsubjectfromvariousanglesoverthepasttenyears,

a.researchb.aresearchc.researchesd.theresearches

53.Recently,hehaslostallhis.

a.wageandsavingatcardc.wagesandsavingatcard

b.wagesandsavingsatcardd.wagesandsavingsatcards

54.Thecountry'swealthcomeschieflyfromitsmany.

a.herdofcattleb.heardofcattlesc.herdsofcattled.herdsofcattles

55.InBritaintheareallpaintedred.

a.letterboxesb.lettersboxc.lettersboxesd.letters'sbox

56.Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad.

a.alittlewhitehairc.afewwhitehair

b.somewhitehaird.muchwhitehair

57.Allhisfarfromsatisfaction

a.conductisb.conductarec.conductsisd.conductswillbe

58.Althoughthetownhadbeenattackedbythestormseveraltimes,wasdone.

a.afewdamagesb.fewdamagesc.littledamaged.alittledamage

59.Hewaswhattodo.

a.athiswitendb.athiswitsendc.athiswit'sendd.athiswits'send

60.Wouldyouliketohaveacupofteaandwithme?

atwotoastsb.twopiecesoftoastc.twopieceoftoastsd.towpiecesoftoasts

61.Accuratecoveringthefactarenotobtainable.

a.datumb.datumsc.datad.datas

62.0nMondaymorningsometeachersexchangedafew.

a.how-are-yousc.how-are-you^

b.ofhow-are-you'sd.ofhowareyou

63.Albertsaidhemetthegirl

a.athisuncle'sSmithroomc.athisuncleSmith'sroom

b.atSmith'shisuncle'sroomd.attheroomofhisuncle'sSmith's

64.ltisfourmonthssinceIlastsawKeats

a.atMrtSmith's,thebooksellerc.atmyaunt's,abookseller

b.atmyaunt's,MrsPalmefsd.atMrsPalmer's,thebookseller's

65.Thisroomis.

a.theeditor's-in-chiefsofficec.theeditor-in-chiefsoffice

b.theeditor-in-chiefofficed.theeditor's-in-chiefoffice

66.Myoldclassmate,ComradeSun,worksat.

a.ateachercollegec.ateachefscollege

b.ateachers'scolleged.acollegeofateacher's

67.Thepolicemenputthecriminal.

oapairofiron

68.Ourteachergaveme.

a.anadviceb.theadvicec.manyadviced.muchadvice

69.Mymothercuttheclothwithscissors.

a.ab.twoc.acoupleofd.apairof

7O.Myhouseiswithinfromtherailwaystation.

a.astone'sthrowb.athrowofastonec.stone'sthrowd.thestone'sthrow

高三英語復(fù)習(xí)與訓(xùn)練——冠詞和數(shù)詞

2.冠詞和數(shù)詞

2.1不定冠詞的用法

冠詞本身不能單獨使用，也沒有詞義，它用在名詞的前面，幫助指明名詞的含義。英語中的

冠詞有三種，一種是定冠詞，另一種是不定冠詞，還有一種是零冠詞。

不定冠詞a（an）與數(shù)詞one同源，是“一個”的意思。a用于輔音音素前，一般讀作［e］,而

an則用于元音音素前，-一般讀做［en］。

1）表示“一個“，意為one；指某人或某物，意為acertain。例如：

AMr.Lingiswaitingforyou.有位姓凌的先生在等你。

2）代表一類人或物。例如：

Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.刀是切割的工具。

Mr.Smithisanengineer.史密斯先生是工程師。

3）組成詞組或成語,如alittle/afew/alot/atypeof/apile/agreatmany/manya/asarule/in

ahurry/inaminute/inaword/inashortwhile/afterawhile/haveacold/haveatry/keepaneyeon

/allofasudden等。

2.2定冠詞的用法

定冠詞the與指示代詞this,that同源，有哪（這）個”的意思，但意義較弱，可以和一個名

詞連用，來表示某個或某些特定的人或東西。

1）特指雙方都明白的人或物。例如：

Takethemedicine.把藥吃了。

2）上文提到過的人或事。例如：

Heboughtahouse.I'vebeentothehouse.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。

3）指世上獨一物二的事物，如thesun,thesky,themoon,theearth等。

4）與單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物，如thedollar美元;thefox狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，

表示一類人：therich富人;theliving生者。

5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only,very,same等前面。例如：

Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor,你住在哪？我住在二層。

That*stheverythingI*vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。

6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用,指整個群體。例如:

Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.（指全體教師）

Theyareteachersofthisschool.（指部分教師）

7）表示所有，相當于物主代詞，用在表示身體部位的名詞前。例如：

Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。

8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前。例如：

thePeopledRepublicofChina中華人民共和國

theUnitedStates美國

9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前。例如：

Sheplaysthepiano.她會彈鋼琴。

10）用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人。例如：

theGreens格林一家人（或格林夫婦）

11）用在慣用語中。例如：

intheday,inthemorning（afternoon,evening）,thedayaftertomorrow

thedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,

inthesky（water,field,country）

inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,

inthemiddle（of）,intheend,

onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre

2.3零冠詞的用法

1）國名，人名前通常不用定冠詞：England,Mary。

2）泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，表示一類人或事物時，可.不用定冠詞。例如：

Theyareteachers.他們是教師。

3）抽象名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞。例如：

Failureisthemotherofsuccess.失敗乃成功之母。

4）物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時，通常不加冠詞，當表示特定的意思時，需要加定冠詞。例如：

Mancannotlivewithoutwater.離開水人就無法生存。

5）在季節(jié)、月份、節(jié)日、假日、日期、星期等表示時間的名詞之前，不加冠詞。例如：

WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.我們從星期一到星期五都上課。

6）在稱呼或表示官銜，職位的名詞前不加冠詞。例如：

TheguardstooktheAmericantoGeneralLee.士兵們把這個美國人送到李將軍那里。

7）在三餐、球類運動和娛樂運動的名稱前，不加冠詞，如havebreakfast,playchesso

8）當兩個或兩個以上名詞并用時，常省去冠詞。例如：

Ican'twritewithoutpenorpencil.沒有鋼筆和鉛筆，我就寫不了字。

9）當by與火車等交通工具連用，表示一?種方式時，中間無冠詞，如bybus,bytrain。

10）有些個體名詞不用冠詞，如school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,

town,church,court等個體名詞，直接置于介詞后，表示該名詞的深層含義。例如：

gotohospital去醫(yī)院看病

gotothehospital去醫(yī)院（并不是去看病，而是有其他目的）

11）不用冠詞的序數(shù)詞；

a.序數(shù)詞前有物主代詞時。

b.序數(shù)詞作副詞。例如：Hecamefirstintherace.他跑步得了第一。

c.在固定詞組中,如at（the）first,firstofall,fromfirsttolast

2.4冠詞與形容詞+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)

1）兩個形容詞都有冠詞，表示兩個不同的人或物。例如：

Heraisesablackandawhitecat.他養(yǎng)（一只黑貓和一只白貓。

Theblackandthewhitecatsarehers.這只黑貓和白貓都是他的。

2）如后一個形容詞無冠詞，則指一人或一物。例如：

Heraisesablackandwhitecat.他養(yǎng)了一只花貓。

2.5冠詞位置

1）不定冠詞位置

不定冠詞常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前。注意：

a.位于such,what,many,half等形容詞之后。例如：

Ihaveneverseensuchananimal.我從來沒見過這樣的動物。

Manyamanisfitforthejob.許多人適合這崗位。

b.當名詞前的形容詞被副詞as,so,too,how,however,enough修飾時，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之

后。例如：

ItisaspleasantadayasIhaveeverspent.我從未這么高興過。

Soshortatime如此短的時間

Toolongadistance距離太遠了

c.quite,rather與單數(shù)名詞連用，冠詞放在其后。但當rather,quite前仍有形容詞，不定冠詞

放其前后均可，如：ratheracoldday/arathercoldday。

d.在as,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中，當表語為形容詞修飾的名詞時，不定冠詞放形容詞

后。例如：Braveamanthoughheis,hetremblesatthesightofsnakes.他盡管勇敢，可見到蛇還是

發(fā)抖。

2）定冠詞位置

定冠詞通常位于名詞或名詞修飾語前，但放在all,both,double,half,twice,threetimes

等詞之后，名詞之前。例如：Allthestudentsintheclasswentout.班里的所有學(xué)生都出去了。

2.6數(shù)詞

表示數(shù)目多少或順序多少的詞叫數(shù)詞，數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。表示數(shù)目多少的數(shù)詞叫基

數(shù)詞；表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。

一、基數(shù)詞

1）基數(shù)詞一般可寫成如345或threehundredandforty-fiveo

2）基數(shù)詞一般是單數(shù)形式，但遇下列情況，常用復(fù)數(shù)：

a.與of短語連用，表示概數(shù)，不能與具體數(shù)目連用，如scoresofpeople指許多人；

b.在一些表示“…排“或“一組”的詞組里。例如：

Theyarrivedintwosandthrees.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻牡搅恕?/p>

c.表示“幾十歲，

d.表示“年代“，用in+the+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)。

e.在乘法運算的一種表示法里，如Threefivesis（are）fifteeno

二、序數(shù)詞

序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式如first—1stsecond---2ndthirty-first---31st等。

三、數(shù)詞的用法

1）倍數(shù)表示法

a.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（或分數(shù)）+as+adj.+as?例如

Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。

b.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+thesize（amount,length...）of…。例如：

Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon.地球是月球的49倍。

c.主語+謂語+倍數(shù)（分數(shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級+than...。例如：

Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.今年比去年糧食產(chǎn)量增加

8%o

d.還可以用by+倍數(shù)，表示增加多少倍。例如：

Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.今年糧食產(chǎn)量增加了4倍。

2）分數(shù)表示法的構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞代表分子，序數(shù)詞代表分母。分子大于1時，分子的序數(shù)詞用

單數(shù)，分母序數(shù)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。例如：

1/3one-third；3/37threeandthree-sevenths.

2.7冠詞練習(xí)

l.WhenLindawasachild,hermotheralwaysletherhavebed.

a.thebreakfastinb.thebreakfastinthec.breakfastind.breakfastinthe

2.Hehaspromisedtogiveuphundredsoftimes.

a.atobaccob.tobaccoc.thetobaccod.tobaccos

3.usuallygotochurcheverySunday.

a.TheBrownb.ABrownc.Brownsd.TheBrowns

4.Thetrainisrunningfiftymiles.

a.anhourb.onehourc.thehourd.ahour

5.Hecanplayalmosteverykindofmusicinstrumentbutheisgood.

a.atthefluteb.atflutec.atafluted.atthatflute

6.TheinvestigatorsfoundthatmoreshouldbedoneforinIndia.

a.thosepoorb.apoorc.poord.thepoor

7.Youlookinhighspirit.Youmusthaveduringyourholiday.

a.wonderfultimeb.awonderfultimec.thewonderfultimed.somewonderfultime

8.Thecityassignedapolicemantotheschoolcrossingbecausetraffictherewassoheavy,

aab.anc.thed.one

9.Anewteacherwassenttothevillageinplaceofonewhohadretired.

a.ab.thec.and.its

lO.Virtueandvicearebeforeyou;leadsyoutohappiness,tomisery.

a.theformer...latterb.aformer...alatter

c.theformer...thelatterd.former...latter

11.Thechildreninthekinder-gardensoontooktotheirteachers.

a.quitefancyb.aquitefancyc.quiteafancyd.thequitefancy

12.tendtobemoanthelackofcharacterintheyounggeneration.

a.Theoldb.Oldc.Elderlyd.Older

13.Amansufferingfromachockshouldbegiven.

a.hotsweetteab.ahotsweetteac.thehotsweettead.onehotsweettea

14.Heansweredmyquestionswithnottobeexpectedofanordinaryschoolboy.

a.hisaccuracyb.aaccuracyc.theaccuracyd.anaccuracy

15.1fyougobytrainyoucanhavequitecomfortablejourney.

a.theb.onec.ad.that

16.We'regoingtowithtoday,aren'twe?

a.thetea...theSmithsb.tea...thoseSmithsc.atea...aSmithd.tea...theSmiths

17.1wantanassistantwithknowledgeofFrenchandexperienceofofficeroutine.

a.the...theb.a...thec.a...and.the...an

18.Ann'shabitofridingamotorcycleupanddowntheroadearlyinthemorningannoyedtheneighbors

andtheytookhertothecourt.

heendb.attheendc.inanendd.inend

19.ltisreportedthattodaypresidentwillhavelunchwithPresidentOmon.

a.the...theb.a...ac.the.../d./.../

2O.TiananMenSquareandGreatWallaretowoftheplaceseveryoneshouldseein

People'sRepublicofChina.

a.the...theb./.../c.the.../d./...the

21.lthaslongbeenknownthatthereisanelectricfield.

a.insidetheearthb.insideearthc.insideanearthd.onearth

22.muchharderwork,thevolunteerswereabletoplacetheragingforestfire.

a.Bythemeansof...underthecontrolb.Bymeansof...undercontrol

c.Bymeansof...underacontrold.Byameansof...undercontrol

23.Nosoonerhadthemandepartedthanthetreebegandroppingcoffeebeans.

a.bythethousandb.byathousandc.bythousandsd.bythousand

24.Heexpressedoftheirhavingeverbeenmarried.

a.thedoubtb.adoubtc.doubtd.andoubt

25.Hesawthroughthelittleboy'stricks.

a.atglanceb.attheglancec.atsomeglanced.ataglance

26.Theirvictoryis,fbrthey'velosttoomanymen.

a.outofquestionb.outofthequestionc.outquestiond.ofquestion

27.Manyagirlwantstobecome.

a.somesecretaryb.asecretaryc.secretaryd.secretaries

28.Hegrabbedmeandpulledmeontothebus.

a.aarmb.anarmc.thearmd.bythearm

29.F11comeinminute;infactI'llcomemomentI'mthrough.

a./...theb.a...thec.the...ad./.../

3O.Thisisoneofinterestingbooksonyoursubject.

a.themostb.themostofthec.mostd.mostofthe

31.Heenjoyslifethe"QueenAnne^^.

heboardd.board

32.Helosthisfobandhiswifelefthim.

a.onthattopb.ontopofthatc.onatopofthatd.onthetop

33.Mostoftherepresentativesthinkthatthemeetingwasverysuccessful.

a.onwholeofb.onawholec.onthewholed.onthewholethat

34.UndernocircumstanceswilltherebewagecontrolwhileIamofthegovernment.

a.theheadb.aheadc.headd.thathead

35.Likehissister,Davidneededfromsomegenerouspersoninordertogethome.

a.arideb.someridec.rided.theride

36.Thebrain'slefthemispherecontrolslogicandlanguage,whilecontrolsintuitivetalentsand

musicalability.

a.therightb.arightc.thatrightd.rightone

37.issettinguparesearchteamtoseehowchildrenreacttovideogames.

a.TheJapan'sHealthMinistryb.Japan'shealthMinistry

b.AJapan'shealthMinistryd.JapanhealthMinistry

38.UnlikeAmericans,whoseemtoprefercoffee,agreatdealoftea.

a.Englishdrinkb.TheEnglishdrinkc.Englishmandrinkd.theEnglishdrinks

39.Hundredsofpeoplearenow,sothereareabout50peopletryingforthesameposition.

a.outoftheworkb.outworkc.outofworkd.outofawork

40.Hismothertaught,buthisfatherwasonlyablue-collarworker.

a.pianob.anpianoc.thepianod.apiano

41.ContrarytowhatIhadexpected,helostfor.

asecondtimeb.asecondtimec.secondtimesd.thesecondtime

42.Fashionschangeandpeoplechangetoo,buttheoldfeelingremains.

a.thesameb.samec.thatsamed.assame

43.WearegoingtodinetomorrowwithtocelebrateChristmasDay.

a.theCunningb.Cunningsc.TheCunningsd.Cunning's

44.ThisiswhichiscollectedbeforethefirstraininSpring.

a.oneteab.ateac.thetead.thattea

45.isknownbyitsnote,isknownbyhistalk.

a.Abird/amanb.Onebird/onemanc.Thebird/themand.Bird/man

46.Nevertravelwithwholeavesyouincaseofdanger.

a.thefriendb.thatfriendc.afriendd.friend

47.DoyouthinkitpossiblefbrtheNorthPoletohaveafewthousandyearsfromnow?

a.Shanghaib.aShanghaic.theShanghaid.oneShanghai

48.1don'tthinkisabettercarthanourmakes.

a.