2023年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題

2023年1２月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題PartIWriting(30minｕtes）Diｒｅctｉons:Ｆorthｉspａｒｔ，ｙoｕareaｌｌｏｗeｄ30ｍｉnｕtestｏwriteaｓhortessａyenｔｉｔledHowShｏｕldPａrｅnｔsHｅlpＣhildrentoＢeIｎdependｅnｔ？Yoｕshｏuldwrｉｔeaｔleａst1５0wordsfoｌｌowingtheoutlinｅgiｖenｂｅlｏw.1．目前不少父母為孩子包辦一切2.為了讓孩子獨(dú)立，父母應(yīng)當(dāng)……HowＳhｏuｌdParentsHｅlpＣhildrentoBeＩnｄｅpendent?..ＰartIIReaｄingCompreheｎsｉon（ＳｋｉｍmingandScａnｎiｎg)（15miｎuteｓ)Ｄirecｔions:Inthispart,ｙouｗｉｌlhａve1５minutestogoｏverthepａssａｇeｑuicklyandansweｒthequestionsonＡnｓwerＳheｅt1.Ｆｏrquｅstionｓ1－7，chｏｏｓethebｅstａnswｅrfroｍthefourｃhoiｃesmａrkeｄ［A],[Ｂ],[C］anｄ[D］.Ｆoｒqueｓtiｏnｓ8-１0,cｏmpletｅｔｈesentｅｎcｅswiththｅinforｍatｉongiveninthepaｓｓａge.ＡGｒaｓsｒootsReｍeｄyＭoｓtofusspendｏｕrlivｅssｅe(cuò)kｉngｔhenaturaｌworld.Totｈisenｄ,ｗewaｌｋthedog，playgolｆ，gｏｆishiｎg,sitiｎtｈｅｇardｅn，ｄｒinkoutｓiｄeraｔheｒthaｎiｎsidｅthｅpub,haveaｐicｎic,ｌiveintheｓubuｒｂs,goｔｏｔｈeseaｓiｄe,buｙawｅe(cuò)kｅndｐlaceintｈecouｎｔry.ThemｏstｐoｐｕlａrleiｓurｅactivityiｎBriｔaｉｎiｓgoingｆｏｒawalk．Andｗｈenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,tｈeyｄｏｎ’truntheｓｔreeｔs.Eｖｅｒyｏnｅofｔｈeminstｉnctivelyheadstｏｔheparkｏrtｈｅｒivｅr.Ｉtisｍyproｆoｕndｂelｉefthatnotonlyｄoweallneednａｔure,bｕtwｅallseeknaturｅ，whetｈerwekｎｏwwearedoiｎｇｓoornot.Buｔｄespitethiｓ,oｕrchｉldｒeｎareｇrｏwiｎguｐnａt(yī)ｕｒe-depｒｉｖeｄ(喪失）.IspｅntｍyboyhｏodcｌｉmbingtreesoｎStｒeathamComｍon，SｏutｈLondon.Ｔｈeｓedaｙs,childｒｅｎareｒobbｅdofthｅｓｅancｉentfreedoms,dｕｅｔopｒobleｍslikｅcｒｉme,tｒaffic,thelosｓｏｆthｅopeｎspａcesandoddnewｐerceptｉoｎsａbouｔｗhatiｓbeｓｔｆorｃhｉlｄren,thaｔistosay,tｈiｎgsthaｔcａnｂebｏugｈt,ratｈerthanthｉngsthａt(yī)caｎbefouｎd.Ｔhetruthｉｓｔobefoundelｓewhere.AｓtｕdyintheＵS:faｍｉlｉｅｓｈadｍｏvedtobetｔerhousiｎgaｎdtｈechiｌdrｅｎｗereaｓｓessedforADHD—attentionｄeficiｔｈyperａctivitydisorder(多動(dòng)癥).Thｏｓewhｏseaccommodationhａdmoｒeｎaturalviewsshowedaｎimpｒovementof19%；ｔhoｓeｗhohadthesameｉmpｒoｖｅmenｔiｎmaterialsurroundingsbutnonｉｃevieｗimprｏvedjｕst4%.ＡｓtudｙｉnＳｗedenindicaｔedthatｋindeｒgartｅnchｉlｄｒeｎwhｏｃoｕｌdｐlａyiｎａｎａt(yī)uralｅnviroｎmｅｎthaｄｌｅssｉllnｅssandgrｅaｔerpｈysiｃalabilｉtythaｎchiｌdｒeｎusｅdonlytoanormalplaygrｏund.AＵＳstuｄysuggｅsｔedｔｈaｔwheｎaｓｃhoｏｌgａｖechildrenａcceｓｓtoａnaturaｌeｎｖiｒonmeｎt,acａｄemicｌｅveｌswererａｉsedａcrossthｅe(cuò)ntｉrescｈool.Aｎotherｓｔudｙfouｎdthａt(yī)chilｄrｅｎｐlaydiｆｆeｒeｎtｌｙiｎａnａt(yī)urａｌenｖiｒｏnmｅnt.Inplaygrounｄs,ｃｈilｄrencreaｔeａｈieｒａrcｈy(等級(jí))basｅｄonphysicａlａbｉliｔies,withthｅｔoughｏnesｔａkingthｅｌead．Butwhenagrａsｓyareawasｐlantedｗithbuｓｈes,thechiｌｄreｎgｏtmuchmoreｉntoｆanｔａｓｙplay，andthesｏcialｈierarchywａsnowbasedｏnimaｇｉｎaｔioｎａndcｒeaｔｉviｔy.Ｍostｂuｌｌying(恃強(qiáng)凌弱）isfounｄinschoolswhｅretｈereiｓatarｍac（柏油碎石）playgｒouｎd；ｔhｅleasｔbｕｌｌｙｉngisinaｎatｕraｌareaｔhatｔｈeｃhildrenareenｃoｕｒageｄtｏexplｏre.ＴhｉｓremｉndsmeunplｅasantlyoｆSunnyhiｌlＳchoｏｌButｃhｉｌdrenａｒefrequeｎtlｙｄisｃouragｅdｆｒoｍinvolvemenｔwitｈnaturalspaｃeｓ,forheaｌｔhａnｄsａfetyｒeasonｓ,forｆearthatｔｈeyｍｉｇhtgetdirｔyorthattheymigｈtcausｅdamagｅ.Sｏ，instead,tｈeｄaｍageiｓdoｎeｔoｔhechｉldｒenthemselvｅｓ:ｎottothｅirbｏdiesbutｔotheiｒｓｏuls.ＯneofthegｒｅａbｌemsoｆmoｄｅｒnchildhoodiｓADHD,nowｉnｃｒeaｓinglyandexpeｎｓｉvelｙtrｅatedwiｔhdrugs．Yeｔoneｓtｕdyaｆteranotheriｎdicａt(yī)esｔhatcｏntactｗiｔhｎａt(yī)uregiveshuｇebeneｆitstoAＤＨDｃhiｌdren．Hoｗever,ｗespendmonｅyoｎdrugsrａｔherｔhaｎongｒｅe(cuò)nｐlaces．Theｌifeｏfｏlｄpeｏｐｌeismeａsｕrablybetterwhenthｅyｈaveａcｃｅssｔoｎature.Theincreａｓingeｍphasisfortｈｅgｒowｉｎｇpopulatiｏnofoldpeopｌeisinｑｕalityratherｔhａnqｕantiｔyofｙeａｒs.Aｎｄsｔudｙafｔｅｒstudyfindｓｔhａt(yī)ａgaｒdenｉsthesinｇleｍｏstiｍportaｎｔthｉnｇinfindinｇthａt(yī)qｕalｉtｙ.Inwidｅrandmoredifficuｌtarｅasoflｉfｅ,ｔｈｅreｉｓeviｄencｅtｏindicaｔeｔhatnatuｒａｌsurｒoundiｎgsiｍproｖeallkindsoｆthingｓ.Evｅnproblｅmswiｔhcｒｉmeandaggｒeｓsivebehavioｕrarereduceｄwｈｅntheｒｅiｓcontａctwithｔhenatuｒａlworlｄ.DrWilliaｍBｉｒd,reｓeaｒcheｒｆromtheRoyaｌSocｉｅtyfｏrtｈeＰｒｏtectiｏnｏｆBirds,ｓtａt(yī)esｉnｈiｓstudｙ，“Anaｔuralenｖiroｎｍentcaｎｒeｄuｃeviｏlenｔbｅhavｉoｕrｂecaｕseitsrｅstoｒａt(yī)iveproｃesshelpsreｄuｃeangｅrandimpulsivebehaviｏur.”Wｉldplaｃesneｅdenｃouragｉngfortｈiｓrｅason,ｎomatterhｏｗｓmaｌltheircontributiｏn．Ｗｅｔenｄtoｌookonnaturｅcoｎsｅrvaｔionａｓsoｍekinｄoffavouｒｔhathuｍanbeｉngsaregrantingｔotｈenaturaｌworld．Thｅe(cuò)rｒorｈｅｒeisfaｒtoodeep:nｏtonlyｄｏhuｍanｓneｅdｎａｔｕrefｏrtheｍｓeｌves,bｕtthｅvｅryideａt(yī)hathumanityandthenaｔuｒalwoｒldａｒeseparabｌethingsiｓprofoundlydamａgｉng.Humanbｅｉnｇsａreaspeciesoｆmａmmaｌｓ(哺乳動(dòng)物）．Ｆorsevenｍｉllioｎyearsthｅylｉveｄontheplanｅtaspartofｎaｔurｅ.Ouraｎｃeｓtrａlseｌｖeｓmiｓsｔhenａｔuｒalｗｏrldaｎdlongfoｒcoｎtactwitｈnon-humａnliｆe.Anyonｅｗhohasｐattｅdadog,stｒokｅdａcaｔ,sａt(yī)ｕnderatreｅｗiｔhａpintoｆbｅe(cuò)r,gｉvｅnｏrrecｅivedabｕnｃｈoffｌowersoｒｃhoｓentｏwaｌkthrｏughtheｐarkonaniｃeday，unｄerstａｎｄstｈat.Weneedｔｈewilｄworld.Itiｓessentialtoourｗｅll-beｉng,ouｒhｅaｌｔh,ourhapｐinｅss.Wｉｔhoｕtｔｈｅwilｄwｏrldwearenotmoreｂutlesscｉvilised.Withoutotｈｅrliviｎgｔhｉngsarouｎduswｅarelesｓtｈanhuman．FivewaystofiｎdhａrｍonywiｔhtｈenaｔuｒalｗorlｄＷalk：Ｂreａkthｅrhｙthmofｐｅrmanentlybeｉｎgｕnｄeraｒoof.Getoｆfａｓｔopｅarliｅｒ,makｅacｉrcuitoｆthｅpａrkａt(yī)ｌuｎchtime,walktheｃｈildtoandfｒomｓchoｏl,getadog,fｅe(cuò)lyoｕrselｆｍovinｇinmoviｎgair，looｋ,ｌisｔen，absorｂ.Ｓｉt:Tａkｅaｍｏｍent,eｖerynｏｗandthｅn,tobｅstｉｌlｉnanopｅｎspaｃｅ．Intｈegardｅn,ａnyｗhereｔhat’ｓnotinｔheofｆice，aｎｙwheｒeoｕｔoftｈehｏusｅ,awaｙfromtｈerｏutine.Sｉtｕnderａt(yī)rｅｅ,ｌｏokatwａt(yī)er,fｅe(cuò)lｒefreshｅd,eversoslightlyrenｅwｅd.Ｄrｉnｋ：Thebestwaytｏｅｎjoythenatｕｒａlworldｉsｂyyｏurｓelf;thesecondbestwayisiｎcｏｍpaｎｙ．Taｋeａｄrinｋoｕtsideｗｉthａｇooｄpｅｒson,ａgoodgａt(yī)hering:taｌｋｗｉththeｓunａndthｅwindｗithbｉｒｄsongfｏｒbackgrｏund.Learn：Eｘｐandｙｏurboundariｅs．Learnfiveｓpｅciesofｂird，fivebutterflieｓ,fiｖetreｅs,ｆiｖebｉrdｓongs．Tｈatwaｙ,yousｅｅａndｈearmoｒe:andyouｒｍｉｎdrespｏnｄｓgrateｆｕｌlytothegreatｅramounｔofｗiｌdnｅｓsiｎｙoｕrliｆe.Tｒavｅl:Ｔheplaｃesｙｏｕalwaysｗanｔedtoｖisit:ｂytｈeseaｓiｄe,ｉnｔｈecｏｕntry，ｉnthehｉlｌs.Tａkeaweekendbｒeak,aｄａy-ｔrip,getｏuttｈｅrｅaｎdｄoiｔ：ｆortheｓceneｒy,foｒtheｗaytｈrougｈthewooｄｓ,forthｅbirｄs，fｏrthebees.Ｇoｓoｍｅwｈeresｐecialandｂriｎgspeｃialnesshome.Itlastｓfｏrever，aｆteralｌ.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1.Ｗhatistheａutｈor’ｓｐrofoundbeｌief？[A]Ｐeｏpleinstinctiｖelｙseeｋnatｕreindiｆfeｒenｔwaｙs.[Ｂ]Peｏpleshoｕｌdspeｎdmｏsｔoｆｔheｉrｌｉvｅsinｔhｅｗild.[C]Pｅopleｈaveｑuｉtedｉｆｆerentpercｅptionsofｎature.［D]Peoplｅmuｓｔmakemoreeffoｒｔｓtoｓtudynature．2.Whaｔdoestheauthoｒsayｐeoplepｒeferfoｒtｈeirｃhilｄrｅnnｏwadａys？[A]Perｓonalｆreedom.[Ｂ]Thinｇsthataｒenaｔｕｒａl．[Ｃ]Uｒbａnsuｒｒoundinｇs.[Ｄ]Tｈingｓthatarepurｃhaｓed.3.ＷhatｄoｅsastudyiｎＳｗedeｎshｏｗ?[A]Thｅnaｔｕｒaleｎvironmｅnｔcａnhelpchｉldrｅｎleａrnbeｔtｅｒ.[B]Morｅaccesstｏnatｕrｅmakeschｉｌｄｒeｎlessｌiｋｅlytｏfaｌlill.[C]Ａgoｏdpｌaygroｕnｄhelpskidｓdeveｌoptｈeｉｒｐhysｉcaｌaｂiｌiｔies．［D]NatｕralｖiewscａnprevenｔchildrｅnfrｏmdevｅlｏpingＡDＨD．４.Childreｎwhｏhavecｈａncｅstoｅxｐｌorｅｎaturａlareas＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿_(dá).[A]teｎdtodevelopastronｇloveforscience[B]aｒemorelｉkeｌytofantasiseaｂoｕtwildlｉfｅ[C]tｅndｔobｅphysiｃallytouｇhｅrinadulthood[D］ａreｌｅsslｉｋｅｌｙtｏbeinｖｏｌveｄｉｎｂｕｌlｙing5．Wｈａt(yī)doｅsｔheauthorｓuggesｔｗｅdotoheｌｐｃhiｌdrenｗithADＨD?［A]Findmoreｅffeｃtiveｄrugsfoｒthem.［B]Ｐｒoviｄeｍｏreｇreｅnspａcesfｏｒtheｍ.［Ｃ]Ｐl(wèi)acethｅmｕnderｍorepｅrｓｏnaｌｃaｒe．［D］Engagetｈeminｍoreｍeanｉngfulaｃtiｖｉｔies.6.Iｎwｈatwaydoeldｅrlypeｏｐｌebenefitfromtheircontａｃｔwｉthｎａt(yī)uｒe?[Ａ］Ｔheyloｏkonlifeｏｐtiｍiｓtically.[C］Tｈeyareabｌetolｉｖeｌoｎgeｒ.［B]Tｈeyeｎjoyalｉfeofbｅttｅｒｑuａｌity.［D]Theyｂecｏmegｏoｄ-humourｅd.７.DｒWｉlliaｍＢirdｓuggestｓiｎhiｓstｕｄytｈat____＿_(dá)＿_(dá).[A]humanityandnatureaｒｅｃomplｅmenｔarｙtoeaｃhothｅｒ[B]wildｐｌａcesmayｉｎｄuceimｐulsivebehaviｏuriｎｐeｏple[C]aｃｃｅsstonatｕrｅcoｎtribuｔestothｅreｄuctionｏfviolence[D]itｔakesａloｎgtimetoｒeｓtoｒeｎatureoｎcedａmaged８.Itiｓextrｅmelyharmfultothiｎkthaｔhuｍaniｔyandthenａt(yī)uralｗorldcaｎbｅ＿＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)_＿＿＿＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)_____.9.Theaｕthｏrbｅｌiｅｖｅｓthａt(yī)wｅwoｕldnotbesociviｌisｅdｗｉｔhouｔ＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)__________＿＿＿_(dá)__＿．１０.Thｅfivesuggestionsｔheａuthorgiｖeｓａt(yī)theｅndofthepassageａremeａｎtｔoencouraｇepeopletｏsｅe(cuò)ｋ______＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)_withtｈenatｕｒaｌwｏｒld.ParｔIＩIＬistenｉngComｐreｈｅｎsｉｏn(35ｍinutｅs）ＳｅctioｎA(yù)Directioｎs:Inｔｈｉssｅctiｏn，youwｉllhｅar8shortconverｓaｔionsand2loｎｇｃoｎｖersatiｏns.Aｔtｈeendofeａchcｏnversａt(yī)ion,oneormoｒequｅｓtionｓwillbｅａskｅdabｏutｗhatwａｓsaid.Botｈｔheconversaｔionandthequeｓｔｉonswilｌbｅsｐokｅｎonlｙｏnｃe.Aftｅreａchｑｕｅｓtiｏnｔｈｅｒewillbeapauｓe.Dｕrｉngｔｈeｐaｕse,yoｕmｕstreadthefourｃｈｏicesｍａrｋed[Ａ],[B]，[C]aｎｄ[Ｄ],anddecｉdeｗｈicｈistｈeｂestaｎsｗer.TｈｅnmarktｈecｏrrespｏndiｎｇleｔterｏnAnswerSheet2ｗitｈａsｉngleliｎeｔhｒougｈthecenｔre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡２上作答。11.［A]Ｔhemanｓhouｌｄvｉsiｔｔheｍuseums.[C]Tｈeｂeachrｅｓorｔｉsaｇｏｏdchｏicｅ.[B]Shecaｎ’ｔstanｄｔｈehｏtweather.[D］SｈeenｊoysｓtａｙinginWａshington．12.［A]Hernewreｓponsｉbilitｉeｓiｎthecｏmpａny.[Ｂ］Whatheｒjoｂprospectsａre.［Ｃ]Whａｔｔhｅcustomerｓ’ｆeeｄbackis.[D]Tｈedirｅｃtｏr’sopinｉｏnofherwork.13.[A]Combｉnｅｈｅｒtｒaｉnｉｎgwithdietｉｎg.[B]Repeatｔhetｒａiningｅverytｈreｅｄaｙｓ.[C]Avoｉdexcessivｅpｈysicaｌtraiｎｉｎg.[D]Ｉnｃｌudeweigｈtｌiｆｔingiｎthepｒoｇraｍ.14．[A］Whenshewilｌrｅｔｕｒnｈomｅ.[B］Wｈethersｈｅｃａｎｇobyherself．[C]Whethｅrsｈeｃantrａｖelbyａir．［D]Whenshewillcompｌetelyrecovｅｒ.15.[A］Ｔheｗｏmａｎｋnowｓhｏｗtoｄealwitｈthepolice．[B]Thewomanhaｄbeｅｎfｉneｄmanytimesbeforｅ.[C]Ｔheｗomａｎhadviｏlaｔｅdtraｆｆicreguｌatｉｏnｓ.[Ｄ]Thewｏmaｎｉsｇｏodatfiｎｄingｅxｃｕsｅｓ．16.[A］Switcｈoffthｅrefｒigeraｔｏrforawhｉｌe.[B]Haｖｅsomeｏnerepａiｒtheｒｅｆｒigeratoｒ.[Ｃ]Asktｈemantofixthereｆrigerator．[D］Ｂuyaｒｅfｒigeｒatorofｂetterｑuａlｉtｙ.17.[Ａ]Heoｗnsaｐieceｏｆｌａndinｔhedowｎtownarｅa.[B]Ｈeｈaｓgｏtｅnoughmｏｎeytｏbuyahousｅ.[Ｃ]Heｃaｎfinalｌydowhathehaｓdreaｍｅdof.[Ｄ]Heismoviｎoaｂｉggerapartｍenｔ.１8.[A]Ｓheｉｓｂｌａckａｎｄｂlｕeaｌｌover.[B］Shehastoｇotｏseeadoｃtｏr.[C］Shestayeｄaｗａyfｒoｍｗｏrkforafｅｗｄayｓ．[D]Shegothurtiｎanaccidentyestｅrday.Quｅｓtiｏns1９to21areｂaseｄoｎｔhecｏnverｓatｉonyｏuhavejustｈeaｒｄ.1９.[A]Sheｗasabanｋmanａgｅr.［B］Shewａsａvictiｍｏｆtｈerobberｙ.[C］Shｅwasaｄefencｅlａｗyeｒ.［D]Shｅｗａsawitnessｔothecｒｉｍｅ.20.[A]Ａtａlｌｍaｎｗithdarkhａiｒandamousｔache.[B]Ayouthwiｔｈａdistinｇuiｓhingmarkｏnhisfaｃe.[C]Atｈirty-year-olｄgｕyweａｒinｇａｌightsｗeaｔeｒ.[D]Ａmediuｍ-sizeｄyoungmａｎcarｒyingagｕn.21.[A]Identiｆythesｕsｐｅctｆrompictures．[C］Ｈaｖeherphototakenｆorｔｈeirfｉlｅs.[Ｂ]Goupstaｉrｓｔosignｓｏmeｄocuｍｅnt．[D]Verifｙtｈeｒecoｒdｏｆwｈatshehaｄsaid.Questions２2to２５arｅｂａｓedoｎtheｃonｖersａt(yī)iｏnyｏuhavejuｓtheａrd．22.[A]Ｂyrｅadｉｎgaｎewｓpapeｒａd．[C]Bylistｅningtoｔｈemorningnｅws.[Ｂ]Bysｅe(cuò)ｉｎgacoｍmercialonTＶ．[D］Bycallinｇaｎｅmplｏymentsｅｒｖiｃe.23.[A］Ｓhecouｌdimpｒovｅherforeigｎlaｎｇuages．[Ｂ]Ｓheｃouldworkcｌosｅｔoherfaｍilｙ．[C]Shecoｕoverｓeａｓfrequenｔly.［D］Sheｃouldｕsehｅrprevioｕseｘｐerｉeｎces.２4.[Ａ]Takingmanagemenｔcourｓｅs.[C]Workinｇasasecｒｅtａrｙ.［B]TeachiｎｇEｎgｌishatauｎiｖｅrsiｔy．［D]StudｙingforaｄｅｇreｅｉnFrencｈ.25.［A]Ｐrepareｆｏranintervｉeｗｉｎacouplｅoｆdays.［B］Readtｈｅadvｅrtisemｅntagainfoｒmorｅdetaiｌs.［C］Senｄinawｒｉttｅnapplicａt(yī)ionassoｏｎaｓpｏsｓｉble.［Ｄ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whatｙoｕcan５1ｂaｓeｄonｓoｍｅthｉngthａt(yī)ｉｓｂeyoｎｄyouｒcontｒol，sucｈａsyｏurgenes?Iｔｉseasytoａｃceｐtthatｇenｅｓcontrolpｈｙsiｃalcharacteｒiｓticｓsuchasseｘ,raceandeyecoｌｏｒ.Ｂｕtcangｅnesalsoｄetｅｒminｅwｈｅthｅrpeoｐｌｅwillgetｄivoｒｃｅd，how5２theyare,ｏｒwhatcａreertheyaｒelikeｌｙｔocｈｏose?Aconceｒnｏfpsychologicalscientistsistｈe53ｔoｗhichallｏfthｅsecharａcteristicsaｒeinfｌuｅｎｃeｄｂynaｔureａｎdnｕｒture（養(yǎng)育),ｂygeneticmakｅｕpaｎｄthｅe(cuò)nvironｍeｎｔ.Increａｓiｎglｙ,sciｅnce54ｔhatgｅｎeslａytｈeｇrｏｕｎdworkｆormａｎyｈuｍaｎtｒａits.Frｏmthisperｓpeｃtive,peｏｐlｅarｅｂorn55likｅunｄevｅｌopedｐhoｔograpｈs:Theｉmageｉｓaｌreadycaptureｄ,buｔｔhｅwayit56apｐeａrscanvａrｙｂasedontheｄｅvelｏｐmentprｏcesｓ.Howeveｒ,theｂasiｃpictureistherefromthebeｇｉnninｇ.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡２上作答。［A］abｉlities［I]exｔｅnｔ[B]achievｅ[Ｊ]indiｃateｓ[C]apｐｅal［Ｋ]ｐｒoceｅds[D]coｍplaints[L]psyｃｈｏlogicａl［Ｅ]ｃｏntribuｔions[M］raｉsed［F]ｄiｓｐlaｙed[Ｎ]sｍart[G]ｅｓsentiallｙ[O]sｔanｄａｒｄ[H]eｖenｔｕallySecｔiｏnBDirｅctｉoｎs:Ｔhｅｒeａｒe2passaｇｅsinthｉｓｓeｃｔｉon．Eａｃhｐassaｇeiｓｆolloweｄbysoｍequｅstiｏｎsorunfiｎisheｄstatemｅnｔs．Foｒeachoftｈemtｈereａｒefｏｕrｃhoiｃesmaｒkeｄ[A],［B],[C]and[D].YouｓhouｌｄdｅciｄeｏｎthebesｔcｈoicｅandmａrkthecｏrrespｏndingletｔerｏｎＡnｓwerSheeｔ2ｗithasinｇlelinethrouｇhtheｃentｒe.ＰassageOnｅＱuestiｏns5７to61arebａsedonthｅｆolｌowｉｎｇpasｓage.Ｉtispｒｅｔｔｙmuｃｈaone-wａｙstreet.Whileｉｔmaybecommonｆorunivｅｒsitｙresearchersｔotｒyｔheirluckiｎthecommeｒｃiaｌworｌd,tｈereisｖｅryｌittｌｅtraffiｃiｎtｈeoppositedireｃtiｏn．Paｙｈａsalwaysbｅe(cuò)ｎthebiggeｓtｄeteｒｒent,aｓpeｏpｌeｗｉthfamiliｅsofｔｅｎfeeltheyｃａnｎoｔaffoｒdｔhｅｄrｏpinsａｌarywhenmoｖiｎgtoaｕniｖersityｊoｂ.Forsomeｉndustｒialscｉｅntists,hｏweｖer,theattrａctｉｏnsofacａdemiａ(學(xué)術(shù)界)outweighａｎyfinanciaｌconsｉderaｔions.HｅlenLeeｔooka70％cutiｎｓalaryｗhenshｅｍovedfｒｏmasｅnｉｏrpoｓtinAbbottLaboratoｒiｅstoamｅｄicａldepartmｅnｔattheUnivｅrsityoｆCamｂｒidgeTheiｍpaｃｔｏfａsaｌarｙｃｕtisｐrobabｌｙlessｓｅveｒefoｒaｓcientistintheeａrlyｓtａgｅｓofacareeｒ.GｕyＧrant,ｎowarｅseaｒchａssociateatthｅUnileverCenｔrefｏrMolｅcularＩnｆｏｒmaｔｉcsattheUnｉveｒsityofCambｒｉｄge，ｓpeｎttwoyearsworkiｎgfｏrapｈａrmaｃeｕticａｌ(制藥的)compａｎybｅforereｔurｎinｇtouniverｓiｔｙasapｏst－doctoｒａｌｒｅseaｒcheｒ.Ｈetoｏka３0%sａｌaryｃuｔbｕｔfelｔｉtwｏrｔhwhilｅfortheｇreateｒintｅllectualopportunities．Higheｒupｔhｅlaｄder,whｅreaｐaｙcｕtisusuａllｙmoreｓignificant，thｅdemandforsｃientｉsｔswithａweａｌｔhofexｐerienｃeinｉｎｄｕsｔryiｓforcｉngunｉｖersitiｅsｔｏmakethｅtrａnsiｔion(轉(zhuǎn)換)toacadeｍiａmoreaｔtrａctiｖe,accordingtoLee.Ｉndｕstrｉａlsｃientiｓtstendｔoreceivetrａinｉngthaｔacaｄemicsdonot,sucｈａsｈoｗtobuildaｍｕltiｄisｃipｌinarytｅam,manａｇebuｄｇｅｔｓandnegotiａt(yī)ｅｃｏntrａｃｔｓ.Thｅｙarealｓoweｌlplacedｔobｒingｓoｍｅthingｅxｔratothｅｔeacｈinｇｓiｄeｏｆaｎacademiｃｒolethatｗillhelpｓtudｅntsgetａｊobｗhｅntheｙgｒaｄuate,sａｙsLee，perhaｐsｅｘpｅｒiｅｎceinmanufａcturiｎgprａｃｔiｃeorｐroｄuctdｅｖeｌopmeｎｔ.“Ｏnlyaｓmallnumbeｒoｆundergｒaduatesｗilｌcoｎtiｎueinanacａdemiccaｒｅe(cuò)r.Sosoｍeoｎeleavｉｎguｎiversｉtｙwhｏａｌrｅadyｈasthｅsｋillsｎｅe(cuò)dｅｄtoworkiｎaｎinｄusｔriallabhasfarmorepoｔｅnｔｉalinthejobｍarkｅtｔhaｎｓomeoｎeｗｈｏｈａｓspｅntallｔhｅirtimeonaｎarrowresearchprｏjeｃｔ.”注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。５7．By“aonｅ-ｗaysｔreet”（Line1,Pａra.1),theauthoｒｍeans__＿＿_(dá)__＿.[A］ｕniｖersiｔyｒesearcheｒsknｏwlittleａboutthｅｃｏmmerｃiａｌwｏrld[B]thereｉslｉｔtｌｅe(cuò)xchanｇebetweenｉnduｓtryaｎｄacademｉa[C]fｅwinｄustrialscientiｓtsｗoulｄqｕitｔoworkinａｕnｉversitｙ[Ｄ]fewuｎｉversitｙprofeｓsorsarewillinｇｔodoiｎｄｕsｔrｉａlresearch5８．Thｅword“ｄetｅrrent”(Ｌｉne2,Ｐara.1)ｍoｓｂablyrｅfersｔｏsoｍethiｎｇthat＿＿_(dá)_____.［A]keepsｓomeoneｆｒomｔａｋｉngaction［C]aｔtractspｅopｌｅ’satteｎtｉｏn［B］helpstｏｍovethｅtｒaffic[D]briｎｇｓｓomeoneafiｎaｎcialｂurden59.WhaｔwasＨeleｎLeｅ’smajorcｏnsiderationwhenshｅｃhangｅdherjobiｎｔheｍidｄleｏfｈercarｅｅr?[A]Ｆｌeｘiblewｏrkhoｕrs.［C］Herpreferenceｆoｒtheliｆｅstyleoncampuｓ.[B]Hｅrｒeｓｅarｃhinterｅstｓ.[Ｄ]Prospecｔｓofacadeｍｉｃaｃcoｍplｉshments.60.GuyGraｎｔchｏｓeｔoworkaｓａresearchｅｒatCａmbrｉdｇｅinordｅrto_＿＿＿_(dá)___.[Ａ]doｆinancｉallymｏｒerewardingｗork[B］raiｓehissｔatuｓintheaｃadｅmiｃwｏrld［C]enricｈhｉsｅxperｉencｅinmedicalresｅａrch[D]explｏitbettｅｒintｅlleｃtualｏｐportuｎities61．Whatcoｎｔributiｏｎcanindustrialscienｔｉｓtsmakewheｎｔhｅycoｍetoteaｃｈinａunivｅrｓiｔｙ？［A]Increａsｅitsｇraduａt(yī)es’ｃｏmpｅｔitｉｖeｎｅssinthejobｍarｋet.[B]Developitsｓtudｅｎts’poｔeｎtiａｌiｎrｅsｅarch．[C］Heｌpｉtｔooｂtａｉnfinａnciａlsｕｐportfroｍｉndusｔｒy.[Ｄ]Geariｔｓreseａｒchtｏwardｓpractiｃalaｐpｌｉcａt(yī)ｉoｎs.PassａｇeTwoＱｕｅstionｓ62ｔｏ66arebａsedoｎｔhefｏlloｗｉｎgpasｓage.Bｅingsocｉaｂlelookｓlikeagoodｗaytoaddyearsｔoyｏurｌife.Ｒelaｔioｎshipswitｈfamｉｌy,ｆriends,nｅｉghｂours,evenｐets,wｉllaｌldothetrｉck,bｕttｈebｉggeｓtloｎｇevity(長(zhǎng)壽)boostｓeｅmsefrommarriagｅoraｎｅqｕivａleｎｔrelａｔiｏnship．Ｔheefｆectwasfirstnotediｎ１８5８byWilｌiamFarｒ,whowｒoteｔhatwｉｄowsａｎdｗidowers(鰥夫)wereatamuｃhhigｈerriｓkofdyiｎｇthａntｈeirmaｒｒiedpeeｒs.Sｔｕdiessinｃethｅnsuｇgｅstthatmarriａgeｃouldaddasmｕｃhassevenyearstｏaｍan’sｌｉfｅandtwotoawomａn’s.Tｈeeffeｃthoｌdsｆorallｃauｓesofdeath,ｗhetherｉlｌness,aｃcidentorself－h(huán)arm.Eｖｅniftｈeoddｓareｓtａckedagａinstｙou,marriagecaｎmｏrethanｃomｐensａt(yī)e．LindaWaiteｏfｔｈeUｎiｖerｓiｔｙｏfCｈicａｇohａｓfoundｔhａt(yī)amａｒrｉｅｄoｌdermaｎｗitｈｈeartdisｅasecanｅｘpecttｏliｖeneaｒlyfouryearｓlongerｔhanａnunmarrｉedｍanwｉtｈaheａlthｙheaｒt.Lｉｋeｗiｓｅ,amａrｒiedmａnwhoｓmoｋesmoretｈanapａcｋadayｉsliｋeｌytoliveasｌoｎgasadiｖorceｄｍａnｗhodoeｓn’tｓmoke．Therｅ’saflipsiｄe,hoｗeｖer，ａｓｐartnｅｒsａｒemｏrｅｌｉkｅlytobecoｍeilｌoｒｄieinthｅcoupｌeｏfyeaｒsfolloｗｉngthｅ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