賓語從句,定語從句,狀語從句

專題一三賓語從句考點聚焦一、什么是賓語從句在句中充當(dāng)賓語的從句叫作賓語從句，賓語從句可作謂語動詞的賓語，也可作介詞的賓語。二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1、that無實意，用來引導(dǎo)陳述句的賓語從句，口語中常省略。例如：ShetoldmethatshehadbeentoHongKongtwice.她告訴我她去過香港兩次。Iknow（that）thevisitorsarefromAustralia.我知道這些游客來自澳大利亞。2、if或whether這兩個詞是“是否”的意思，主要用來引導(dǎo)一般疑問句或選擇問句的賓語從句，口語中多用if，不能省略。例如：Heaskedmeif/whetherIhadbeentoBeijingtwice.他問我是否去過北京兩次。ShewantedtoknowwhetherIwouldgothereornot.她想知道我是否想去那里。3、疑問詞when，where，who,how等，這類詞通常引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的賓語從句。例如：CanyoutellmehowIcanfindMrWang？你能告訴我怎樣才能找到王先生嗎？Pleasefindoutwhobrokethewindow.請查一下是誰打爛窗戶的。三、賓語從句的語序凡是從句都必須使用“主語在前，謂語在后”的陳述語序，賓語從句也不例外，也就是說賓語從句的語序必須是“引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其它”。例如：誤：Couldyoutellmewhereisthebusstation？正：Couldyoutellmewherethebusstationis？四、賓語從句的時態(tài)一致1、當(dāng)主句為一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，從句可以根據(jù)需要選擇相應(yīng)的時態(tài)，不受主句的影響；主句為一般過去時，從句要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)。例如：Iwanttoknowwhattimeheatehisbreakfast.我想知道他今天早晨幾點鐘吃早飯的。Theywilltellusthattheyhavebeenabletolookafterthemselves.他們將會告訴我們他們已經(jīng)能照顧自己了。Iaskedwhatmyfatherwasdoingthen.我問那時我爸爸在干什么？2、當(dāng)賓語從句表述的是客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象是，賓語從句的時態(tài)不受主句的時態(tài)的影響，仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Hesaidthemoonmovesroundtheearth.他說月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn)。Sheaskedwhetherlighttravelsfasterthansound.她問光速是否比聲速快。五、賓語從句的簡化由特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的主語與主句的主語或賓語相同時常常可以將賓語從句簡化成“特殊疑問詞+動詞不定式”這種結(jié)構(gòu)。有時候由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句也可以用動詞不定式或者動詞的ing形式來簡化。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothepostoffice？=Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice？Shedon,tknowwhethersheshouldgotherewiththemornot.=Shedon,tknowwhethertogotherewiththemornot.Hecanrememberthathehasclimbedthetalltree.=Hecanrememberclimbingthetalltree.六、賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移及其它1、當(dāng)Ithink/believe/guess等一些看法的詞后面所接的賓語從句是否定句時，習(xí)慣上否定主句，采用“Idon,tthink/believe/guess+肯定形式的賓語從句”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。如：我認(rèn)為明天她不會來。誤：Ithinkthatshewon,tcometomorrow.正：Idon,tthinkthatshewillcometomorrow.2、對Ithink/believe/guess等動詞后面所接的賓語從句進(jìn)行劃線部分提問時，要用“疑問詞+doyouthink/believe/guess+賓語從句的剩余成分？”這種結(jié)構(gòu)來表達(dá)。如:你認(rèn)為誰將在會上發(fā)言？誤：Doyouthinkwhowillspeakatthemeeting？正：Whodoyouthinkwillspeakatthemeeting？實戰(zhàn)演練(2x50) 計分：1—Couldyoutellme?—It,snearthepostoffice.whereisthebookstorethebookstoreiswherewherethebookstoreis.Manypeoplearetalkingaboutthisdiseasethesedays.Couldyoutellme?A.howcanIkeephealthyB.howIcankeephealthyC.Icankeephealthy.一Excuseme.CouldyoutellmeIcangettotheSpaceMuseum?一Ofcourse.YoucantakebusNo.1.whereB.howC.if4-Doyouknowthegirlinredis?-I'mnotsure.Maybeateacher.A.whenB.whereC.what5-Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?一TheyalwaysletmedoIthinkIshould.A.whenB.thatC.what6.IhearTomliveshere,butI,mnotsure.A.whichroomhelivesinwhichroomdoesheliveinheliveinwhichroom.一WecanuseQQtocommunicatewitheachotheronline.—Good.Willyoupleaseshowme.A.whichtouse B.howtouseitC.wheretouseit.Therearemanypeopledownstairs.Whatdoyouthink?A.tohappen B.happeningC.hashappened.—GuessIdidyesterday!—Ithinkyouwenttoaparty.A.whereB.whenC.what10—Doyouthinkheshouldgotothemusicclubornot?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A.thatB.whatC.whether.Theywillbethankfulforyouhavedone.A.whatB.thatC.which.—WheredoesMr.Blacklive?Canyouguess?—Sorry,Ican,tguess.A.wheredoesheliveB.whereheliveinC.wherehelives.Couldyouletmeknowyesterday?A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelate.Wearenotsureifittomorrow.Ifit,oursportsmeetingwillbeputoff.A.willrain;rains B.rains;willrainC.willrain;willrain.Iwanttoknowthedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldo B.whatwillhedoC.whathedidThegirlsaskediftheysomefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.willtakeCatherinesaidthatshetoGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hadneverbeenThestudentswanttoknowwhethertheydictionarytoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveSheaskedLindaifgoandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanLindasaidthemoonroundtheearth.A.travelledB.hastravelledC.travelsCanyoutellmeyouwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenIdon'tknowtheyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenIhardlyunderstand.hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichShedidn'tknowbacksoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbeIdon'tknowhestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherB.whereC.whatDoyouknowtheylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatB.whenC.whyHeaskedmetoldmetheaccident.A.whomB.whichC.whoTheydon'tknowtheirparentsare.A.thatB.whatC.whyPleasetellmelastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkC.whereyoursisterworkedSheaskedmeifIknew.A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisYoumustremember.A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatDidyouknow?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingforCouldyoutellme?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijingB.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijingInthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper_hecouldbuythebookonthetable.A.thatB.howC.if—Idon'tknowMr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.how—Weneverknowtheoldmanis.—TheysayheisLiming,sfather.A.whoB.whatC.whichIwastoldBillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.thatwhen—Wheredoyouthinkhethecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyIdon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedmethismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasCouldyoutellme?WhenwillMarycomebackWhenMarycomesbackWhenMarywillcomebackLucydidn,tknow.A.ifJoewillgotoBeijing.B.whydidJoegotoBeijingC.ifJoewouldgotoBeijing--Oh,sorry,I'malittlelate.Icouldn'tremember.---That'sallright.A.whenwillthemeetingbeginB.whenthemeetingwouldbeginC.Whenwouldthemeetingbegin43 Couldyoutellme? Pardon?Youmeanthepolicestation?WhereisthepolicestationWherethepoliceareHowcanIgettothepolicestationExcuseme,whatdoestheteacherwanttoknow? Hewantstoknow.whenwillyoufinishyourworkwhenyoufinishyourworkwhenyouwillfinishyourworkTheprofessordidn'tknowthemeeting.A.whenhewillhaveB.whenhewouldhaveC.whenwouldhehave-DidJennycallmejustnow?--Yes,shewonderedtonight.A.whenyouwillbefreeB.thatyouwouldbefreeC.ifyouwouldbefreeCookingdinnerisdifficult.Couldyoutellme?A.whattodoitB.howtodoitC.wheretogoHeisnotsure.A.whichcoatheshouldbuyB.whichheshouldbuycoatC.whatcoathebuyYoucan,timaginewhensheheardthegoodnews.A.howshewashappyB.howhappyshewasC.shewashowhappyCouldyoupleasetellmenow?whereisMarywhereMaryiswhereMarywas參考答案1—5CBBCC6—10ABCCC11—15ACBAA16—20ACCBC21—25CBBAA26—30ACBCB31—35AACCA36—40ACACC41—45CBBCB46—50CBABB專題一四定語從句考點聚焦一、什么是定語從句定語從句(AttributiveClauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞)引出。二、定語從句的關(guān)系詞一般情況下，如果先行詞表示人的名詞或代詞時，關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用who,whom或that。who和that在從句中可以作主語或賓語；whom在從句中作賓語。whose在從句中常作主語的定語，通常指人，也可以指物，表示“誰的……”.。先行詞如果是表示物的名詞或代詞時，用that或which均可，但有些情況只能用that，有些情況只能用which。三、在下列情況下，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞多用that.當(dāng)先行詞為all，something，anything等不定代詞時用that。如：Youshouldtellmeall(that)youhaveknowabout.你因該把你所知道的情況告訴我。Hereissomethingthatmyfatherneeds.這正是我父親所需要的東西。.當(dāng)先行詞被every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時，用that。如：Hehasspentallthemoneythathisfathergavehim.他已經(jīng)把父親給他的錢都花掉了。Tomtriedeverymeansthathecoulddotofinishthejobontimebuthefailed.為了完成工作，湯姆想盡了一切辦法，但他還是失敗了。.當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級修飾時，用that。如：ThisisthesecondletterthatIreceivedfrommyyoungersisterthismonth.這是我這個月收到我妹妹的第二封信。GonewiththeWindisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.《舌L世佳人》是我看過的最好的影片之一。.先行詞被only,very,same,last等詞修飾時，用that。如：Thisistheonlybookthatyoucanreadinthesefewdays.這是你最近幾天能看的唯一一本書了。Thatistheverymagazinethatheislookingfor.那正是他要找的那本雜志。4.在限制性定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作表語時應(yīng)用that。如：Thedistancethatyouarefromhomeisimmaterial.你離家的距離是微不足道的。.當(dāng)主語中已出現(xiàn)which而為了避免重復(fù)時使用that。如：Whichisthebookthatyouneed?你需要的是哪一本書呢？.當(dāng)先行詞既有人，又有物時，引導(dǎo)詞只用that。如：Hecanseetwoboysandsometreesthatareatadistanceoffivehundredmeters.他看見在五百米外有兩個男孩和一些樹。四、在下列情況中則多用which.非限制性定語從句多用which。如：Canada,whichisinNorthAmerica,isthesecondlargestcountryintheworld.位于北美洲的加拿大是世界第二大國。.介詞之后的定語從句多用which。如：Thisisthestampforwhichheislooking.這正是他要找的那枚郵票。.“those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”之后的定語從句，用which。如：Asupermarketshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellwell.商場應(yīng)儲存一些銷量好的商品。.定語從句離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時，用which。如：MygrandmothergavemeagiftofgreatvalueonmybirthdaywhichIlikedverymuch.在我生日的那一天，我奶奶給了我一件非常珍貴的禮物，我非常喜歡它。.先行詞為代詞that時，為避免重復(fù)，其后的定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞多用which（非正式英語也用that）。如：HetoldmethatwhichIhadtoldyoubefore.他告訴我的是以前我曾經(jīng)給你說過的那件事。五、在下列情況下，關(guān)系代詞一般用who（指人）.非限制性定語從句中，用who。如：Lincoln,whowasmurderedatatheatreinWashington,D.C.,diedonApril15,1865.林肯在首都華盛頓的一家劇院被人暗殺，于1865年4月15日去世。.當(dāng)不定代詞everybody（everyone），anybody（anyone），allone，ones等為先行詞時，關(guān)系代詞一般用who。如：Onewhodoesn,tworkhardwillneversucceed.不努力的人永遠(yuǎn)不會成功的。Isthereanybodywhocanswimacrosstheriver？有人能游過這條河嗎？.當(dāng)先行詞為those或people時，關(guān)系代詞一般用who.Thosewhowanttoseetheexhibitionmustsigntheirnameshere.要看這個展覽的人必須在這里簽名。Peoplewhocanseesometimesactjustasfoolishly.有時候，眼睛看得見的人也會做同樣的傻事。.在被分割開來的定語從句中，先行詞為人時，關(guān)系代詞一般用who,如：ImetaboyattheEnglishCorneryesterdaywhocanspeakEnglishfluently.昨天，我在英語角上遇到一個能講一口流利英語的男孩。.在以therebe開頭的存在句型中，先行詞為人，關(guān)系代詞一般用who.如：Therewasanoldladywhowantedtoseeyouatthegatejustnow.剛才大門口有一位老婦人有事找你。實戰(zhàn)演練（2x50） 計分：Isthegirlisreadingabookunderthatbigtreeyoursister?No.MysisterisinFrance.A.who B.whom C.whoseJimdislikepeopletalkmuchbutneverdoanything.A.who B.whom C.whoseThisistheschoolIstudiedinthreeyearsago.A.where B.when C.whichWhatdoyouusuallydoinyourleisuretime?IenjoyreadinginthelibraryIlosemyselfwithalotofgoodbooks.A.where B.when C.whichIlovesingerswritetheirownmusicA.who B.which C.whatThevillageIvisitedlastyearhaschangedalot.Really?Ihopetogothereoneday.A.that B.who C.when.TheoldwomaniswearingapairofglassesMrs.BlackA.which,are B.who,are C.who,isDoyoulikemusicmakesyourelaxed?A.it B.what C.thatThegirl.youtalkedwithattheschoolgateisournewmathteacher.A.whose B.which C.whomIliketheteacherisstrictwithus.A.which B.who C.whoseIcannotforgetthetimetheearthquakehappenedoninYushu.A.when B.which C.whoDoyouknowtheboyissittingnexttoPeter.Yes,HeisPeter'sfriend.Theyarecelebratinghisninthbirthday.A.whoB.whose C.whichIhaveboughtadressIlikebest.A.who B.whereC.whichThecamelIrodehadabadtemper,andIgottired.A.that B.whoseC.whoGeorgeMallorywasanEnglishteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn'tit?Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschoolsthosechildrencanstudyhappily.A.whereB.when C.whomThepolicecaughtthemanstolemyhand-bag.A.he B.that C.whomTheforeignervisitedourschoolisfromCanada.A.which B.who C.whoseAnyoneispunished.A.whobreaktherulesB.whobreakstherulesC.whombreaktherulesTheplaceinterestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.what.Doyouknowtheman?A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.Ispoketo.Thisisthehotellastmonth.A.whichtheystayedinB.atthattheystayedC.wheretheystayedatDoyouknowtheyeartheChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?A.whichB.thatC.inwhichThatisthedayI'llneverforget.A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichThefactorywe'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichGreatchangeshavetakenplacesincetheninthefactoryweareworking.A.whereB.thatC.whichThisisoneofthebestfilms..A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshownC.thathasbeenshownthisyearCanyoulendmethebooktheotherday?A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalkedC.aboutthatyoutalkedThepenheiswritingismine.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhich30.Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofsatasmallboy.A.whomB.whoC.which31.Isthereanyoneinyourclassfamilyisinthecountry?A.whoB.who'sC.whose'minterestedinallyouhavesaid.A.thatB.whatC.whichIwanttousethedictionarywasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatHetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomTheletterisfrommysister,isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whoInourfactorythereare2,000workers,twothirdsofarewomen.A.themB.whichC.whomIlostabook,Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitLastsummerwevisitedtheWestLake,Hangzhouisfamousintheworld.A.forwhichB.forthatC.inwhichIcanneverforgetthedaywhenweworkedtogetherandthedaywespenttogether.A.whichB.whenC.onwhich;ThemanhairiswhiteisAmerican.A.whichB.whoseC.whatMyneighborsusedtogivemeahandintimeoftrouble,wasverykindofthem.A.whoB.whichC.itIshallneverforgetthoseyearsIspendonthefarmwiththefarmers.A.whenB.thatC.whereThenumberofthepeoplewhocarsincreasing.A.owns;areB.own;isC.own;areIsoxygentheonlygashelpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichJohngotbeateninthegame,hadbeenexpected.A.whichB.thatC.whatDoyouknowthewomanaboutherinformationiscryingoverthere?A.whoB.whose C.which--Doyouknowtheboywearsablueshirt?--Yes,he,sJill.A.whoB.which C.whose--Whatkindofmusicwouldyourmotherlike?--Sheprefersmusic_quietandgentle.A.thatareB.thatis C.whichhasTheskirtismadeofsilkisverycomfortable.Wouldyoulikeone? Letmehavealook.A.who B.whatC.thatIlikeplacesarequietandbeautiful.A.thoseB.whichC.where參考答案1—5AACAA6—10ACCCB11—15BACAA16—20ABBBA21—25CACAC26—30ACAAC31—35CAABC36—40CAAAB41—45BBBAA45—50AABCB專題一五狀語從句考點聚焦?fàn)钫Z從句的定義用來修飾動詞和形容詞，以表明動作發(fā)生或狀態(tài)存在的時間，地點，原因等等的句子叫做狀語從句。狀語從句的分類一、時間狀語從句時間狀語從句表示時間，引導(dǎo)詞有：when,while,as,till,untilbefore,after,since等。時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞所表示的意思不盡相同，要注意把握不同引導(dǎo)詞所表示的不同時間關(guān)系，以及它在具體句子中對應(yīng)的時態(tài)、語態(tài)等問題。注意：as（在……時候，因為），since（自從，因為），它們可以引導(dǎo)時間從句，并強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動作同事發(fā)生。并且while有時還可以表示對比。例如：（1）Whilemymotherwasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.（read是延續(xù)性的動詞，read和watch同事發(fā)生）Ilikeplayingfootballwhileyoulikeplayingbasketball.我喜歡踢足球，而你喜歡打籃球。（對比）when（當(dāng)……的時候），引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是瞬間動詞。從句動作可與主語動作同事發(fā)生，也可在其后發(fā)生。Iwasreadingabookwhenshecameintomyroom.（come是瞬間動詞，只能用when弓|導(dǎo)，不能用while）Ioftenmissedmyhomewhen（while）IlivedinNewYork.（live是延續(xù)性動詞，when可用while代替）when和while的區(qū)別還在于：while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用于進(jìn)行時態(tài)，而when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句多用于一般時態(tài)。Whiletheyweretalking,thebellrang.正在他們談話的時候，上課鈴響了。as譯作“一邊……一邊”、“隨著……”，側(cè)重主句和從句的動作同時發(fā)生。有時可與when,while通用。Wealwayssingaswewalk.我們總是邊走邊唱。（as表示“一邊 一邊”）Asyougrow,youwillknowmoreandmore。隨著年齡的增長，你會懂得越來越多。.till或until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句till,until（直到……才）：一般情況下兩者可以互換，但是在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中多用until。till不可以在句首，而until可以放在句首。注意：如果主句中的的謂語動詞是瞬間動詞時，必須用否定形式；如果主句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表達(dá)的意思不同。例如：Ididn,tgotobeduntil（till）myfathercameback.直到我父親回來我才上床睡覺。（gotobed是瞬間動詞，主句用否定形式）Italkeduntilhecameback.我工作到他回來為止Ididn'tworkuntilhecameback.他回來我這才開始工作PleasewaituntilIarrived.在我到達(dá)之前等我。.since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句Since（自從）：引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性的動詞，也可以是瞬時動詞。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動作用現(xiàn)在完成時。但在^is+時間+since從句的句型中，主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時。例如：IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自從你離開以來，我一直在北京。WherehaveyoubeensinceIlastsawyou?自上次我和你見面以后，你到哪里去了？ItisfivemonthssinceourbosswasinBeijing.我們老板離開北京有五個月了。4.由before和after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句注意：（1）before（在……之前）：引導(dǎo)的從句不再用否定的謂語。（2）當(dāng)主句用將來時，從句總是用現(xiàn)在時；如果before引導(dǎo)的從句謂語用的是過去時。則主句動詞多用過去完成時，這樣以便體現(xiàn)動作發(fā)生的先后。（3）after（在……之后）：表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之后。如果主句用的是過去時，則從句多用過去完成時。例如：Itwillbefourdaysbeforetheycomeback.他們要過四天才能回來MyfatherhadleftforCanadajustbeforetheletterarrived.我父親恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。Afterwehadfinishedthework,wewenthome.完成工作之后，我們回家了（從句用過去完成時，主句用一般過去時）5.由assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theinstant,theminute,等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句：這些連詞都表示“一……就”。例如：IwillgotheredirectlyIhavefinishedmybreakfast.吃完早飯，我立即到那里去。ThemomentIheardthenews,Iwenttotheschool.我一聽到消息，馬上趕到了學(xué)校。AssoonasIreachCanada,Iwillringyouup.我一到加拿大，就給你來電話。注意hardly（scarcely，rarely）when,before，nosooner...than相當(dāng)于assoonas之意。主句用過去完成時，從句用一般過去時態(tài)。當(dāng)hardly，scarcely,rarely和nosooner位于句首時，主句應(yīng)用倒裝語序。例如：HardlyhadIsatdownwhenhesteppedin，我剛坐下，他就進(jìn)來了。二、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句表原因，常見的引導(dǎo)詞有：because（因為），since（既然），as（既然），for（因為）.becausey引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般放于主句之后，because表示直接原因，語氣最強(qiáng)，回答why引導(dǎo)的疑問句必須使用becauseoIdoitbecauseIlikeit.. Whydidn,thecomeyesterday? Becausehehadsomethingimportanttodo.注意“not because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個從句，例如：Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitislarge.國強(qiáng)不在大..Since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句一般位于主句之前，表示已知的、顯然的理由。通常被翻譯成“既然”，較為正式，語氣比because弱。。Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics,既然今天你休息，你最好幫我補習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。.as引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句時表示附帶說明的“雙方已知的原因”，語氣比since弱，較正式，位置較靈活，常放于主句之前。Asitisraining,you,dbettertakeataxi,既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽車。.for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句并不說明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因，只提供一些輔助性的補充說明，for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號將其與主句隔開。Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.他不可能見過我，因為我不在那里。三、條件狀語從句引導(dǎo)條件句常用的連詞有if（如果），unless（如果不，除非）等，條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句一樣，表示將來要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。Wewon,tletyouinunlessyoushowyourpass.Ifyoufailagainthistime,whatwillyoudo?if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句表示將來時，要用一般現(xiàn)在時代替，主句仍使用一般將來時態(tài)。（2）將if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和狀語從句進(jìn)行混淆考查，賓語從句中的if表示“是否”，可以使用一般將來時。四、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句表示“雖然，即使，盡管"。引導(dǎo)詞有although,though,eventhough,evenif都表示“雖然，即使，盡管”之意。主句中不能用but,但可用yet、Though和although語氣較弱（其中的though比although通俗，不如although正式），evenif和eventhough帶有強(qiáng)調(diào)意味而顯得語氣更強(qiáng)。例如：Althoughtheyarepoor,theyarehappyyet.雖然他們很窮，但很快樂Thearticleisveryimportantthoughitisshort.那篇文章雖然很短，但很重要。Eventhoughitwasraining,shewalkedtowork.即使下雨，她也是走著去工作的。I,llvisithimthiseveningevenifIcanstayonlyafewminutes.今晚我將去拜訪他，即使我只能停留一小會兒。注意though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句的用法比較特殊，它可以倒裝，也可以不倒裝。五、地點狀語從句地點狀語從句常由where和wherever引導(dǎo)，通?？芍糜谥骶渲盎蛑?。如：Weshouldgowhere（ver）wearemostneeded,我們要去最需要我們的地方。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。六、目的狀語從句目的狀語從句通常由sothat,inorderthat引導(dǎo)，所引導(dǎo)的從句通常放在主句后面。目的狀語從句中的謂語常含有may（might）,can（could）,shall,will等情態(tài)動詞。如：Healwaystakesaseatinthefirstrowsothat/inorderthathecanhearbetter.=Inorderthathecanhearbetter,healwaystakesaseatinthefirstrow.為了聽得更清楚，他總是坐前排的座位。七、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句常由sothat,so...that,such...that等引導(dǎo)，放在主句之后，so...that與such...that句型在一定條件下可轉(zhuǎn)換。如：Hemadesuchanexcellentspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.=Hemadesoexcellentaspeechthateveryoneadmiredhim.他的演講如此精彩以至于每個人都很欽佩他。注意sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句和目的狀語從句的辨別sothat從句之前有個逗號的常為結(jié)果狀語從句，因表示某一行為帶來的結(jié)果，從句中的時態(tài)常為過去式；sothat從句中有may（might），can（could），should,will等情態(tài)動詞的通常是目的狀語從句。如：Iwroteasclearlyaspossible,sothatIgothighmarks.（目的）我盡可能地寫清楚些，這樣可以得高分。Hewenttothelectureearlysothathecouldgetagoodseat.（目的）他很早就去聽報告了，以便可以找到一個好座位。Hewenttothelectureearly,sothathegotagoodseat.（結(jié)果）他很早就去聽報告了，這樣他就找到一個好座位。八、比較狀語從句.比較狀語從句常由as...as，notso（as），than引導(dǎo)。比較從句部分常為省略句。如：Hisbrotherisashandsomeashe（is）/him.（非正式英語中可用賓格him）他弟弟和他一樣英俊。Heswimsfasterthananyotherstudentinhisclass（does）.他比班上其他任何人都游得快。.通常把themore...themore...結(jié)構(gòu)也歸為比較從句，意為：“越...越”。如：Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyou,llmake.你越努力學(xué)習(xí)，就會取得越大的進(jìn)步。Thelesssheworried,thebettersheworked.她擔(dān)心得越少，就工作得越好。九、方式狀語從句.方式狀語從句常由（just）as（像…），asif/though（好像）引導(dǎo)，表示動作的方式。如：Doexactlyasthedoctorsays.一定要按照大夫的話去做。Hewalkedslowlyasif/thoughhehadhurthisleg.他慢慢地走著，仿佛是腿受了傷。注：在非正式問題中有時會用like代替as引導(dǎo)方式從句。.asif/though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若描述非事實情況，常用虛擬語氣，若描述的是實際情況，用陳述語氣。如：Shetreatstheorphanasif/thoughhewasherownchild.她對待孤兒就像是她自己的孩子一樣。（他是孤兒，當(dāng)然就不是她親生孩子，故用虛擬語氣。）Itlooksasif/thoughit,sgoingtorain.看起來天像是要下雨了。（本句用的是陳述語氣，說明天真象是要下雨了。）實戰(zhàn)演練（2x50） 計分：Idon,tknowifittomorrow,ifit,wewon,tgoonapicnic.rains;rainswillrain;rainswillrain;willrainWecan,tgotothezootheweatherisfinetomorrow.A.unlessB.if C.becauseJustworkhard,yourdreamwillcometrue.A.but B.and C.orDon'tcrossthestreetthetrafficlightsaregreen.A.after B.until C.whentheymaynotsucceed,theywilltrytheirbest.A.ThoughB.BecauseC.UnlessWewillhavenowatertodinkwedon,tprotecttheearth..A.untilB.beforeC.ifLuckily,allthestudentsgotoutoftheteachingbuildingiffelldown.A.untilB.beforeC.afterMygrandmadidn,tgosleepIgotbackhome.A.whereB.untilC.assoonasUncleWanggaveallhissavingstotheHopeSchoolhehimselfwasnotrich.A.because B.asif C.though.You,lldobetteryouaremorecarefulwithyourspelling.A.ifB.beforeC.although.Thesportsmeetingwillcontinueitrainsthisafternoon.A.ifB.sinceC.unless12.I,llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.A.tillB.beforeC.assoonas.Jimisgoingtobeadoctorwhenhe.A.willgrowupB.growsup C.growup.一Didyoucatchwhattheteachersaid?一No.ShespokesofastIcouldn,thearherveryclearly.A.whichB.thatC.when.Theteacherspeaksveryloudlyallthestudentscanhearher.A.sothatB.becauseC.since.Studyhard,youwillcatchupwithyourclassmates.A.and B.or C.but.SeveraldayshaspassedtheterribleearthquakehappenedinJapan.A.after B.since C.as.It,srainingoutside.Don,tleaveitstops.A.WhenB.sinceC.untilt,sdifficulttomakeherdreamcometrue,butshenevergivesup.A.Though B./ C.Because.yougototheparty,youwillhaveagoodtime.A.If B.Though C.Because.---IsWuDongatschooltoday?——No,heisathomehehasabadcold.A.When B.Though C.Because.Therearemanybooksonmathinthebookshopthathecan'tdecidewhichtochoose.A.soB.tooC.such.Hegotupearlyhecouldgettoschool