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26/2625/26/重慶市高2023屆高三第五次質(zhì)量檢測英語試題(共150分考試時間120分鐘)第I卷(共95分)一、聽力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后,你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】Whatdidthewomanforget?A.Hergloves. B.Herscarf. C.Hercoat.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’ssocoldtoday.IrememberedtowearmycoatbutIreallyshouldhaveputonascarf.M:Yes,it’sfreezing,butatleastyouhaveyourgloveswithyou.Idon’thaveapair.Ishouldgetsome.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】Whatdoestheboysuggestdoing?A.Headingforthecircus.B.Playingwithsmallanimals.C.Goingtothefarm.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Wouldyouliketogowithmetothecircus?Iwanttotrainandplaywithanimals.M:Whythecircus?Let’sgotoafarmandbecomeacowboyandacowgirl.W:Yeah,Ineverthoughtofthat!Cowsarecute,too!3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】Howfaristhelaststopsign?A.Twoblocksaway. B.Threeblocksaway. C.Fiveblocksaway.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Canyouseeasfarasthestopsign?M:Whichone?Icanseethreestopsigns.Thefirstoneistwoblocksaway.Thesecondoneisthreeblocksaway.Andthelastoneistwoblocksawayfromthesecondone.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】Whycouldn’tthewomanhearthemanclearly?A.Themanwaseating.B.Themanwasintheshower.C.Thewomanhasbadhearing.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Sorry,couldyourepeatwhatyousaid?Ididn’thearyouveryclearly.Didyousayyouarecomingoverinanhour?M:No,IsaidIjustgotoutoftheshower.Sorry,Iwasjustchewingonsomething.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】Wherearethespeakers?A.Inagasstation. B.Inaclinic. C.Inaninterviewroom.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Keepquitestill,Mr.Jones.Ahyes,you’llneedatoothfillingtherebuttherestofyourteetharefine.M:That’sarelief.Thisismorefrighteningthanajobinterview.第二節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項,并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】6.Howmanypeopleweregoingonthetripatfirst?A.Four. B.Three. C.Two.7.Whydoesthewomanwanttoreschedule?A.Theticketswillbecheaperlater.B.Thetripwillcostmorethanherbudget.C.Thevenuewillbechanged.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Janetsaysthatshecan’tmakeitthisweekend.M:NowthatsheandPaulbothcanceleditwilljustbeus.W:Shouldwestillgothen?Idon’tknowifitisworthit.M:Ithinkweshouldstillgo.Theticketsarecheaperthannormalthisweekend.W:Theticketsmaybecheaper,butthehotelwillcostmorewithoutthemtosplitthebillwith.Istillwanttoseethemuseum,butIcanwait.Ionlyputasideenoughmoneyforouroriginalplan.M:Iguessyou’reright.Theexhibitionwillnotbemovingforafewmonthsstill.We’llgetanotherchancetoseeitifwereschedule.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends. B.Motherandson. C.Strangers.9.Whydidbakersputanextrapieceofbreadinabaginthepast?A.Therewasmorespaceinthebag.B.Theywantedtomakethecustomershappy.C.Theywereafraidtobepunishedforgivingtoolittle.【答案】8.A9.C【解析】【原文】W:Howmanyeggscomeinadozen?M:Adozenis12.W:Really?Ithoughtitwas13butthinkingaboutitnow,itwouldn’tmakesensefortheboxtohaveanunevennumberofspaces.M:Thereissomethingcalledabaker’sdozen.Alongtimeago,givingasmalleramountofbreadthanapersonpaidforwasillegal.Sothenbakersbegantoputoneextrapieceintheirbagssotheywouldnotbefined.W:Wow!Thatisinteresting!Howdoyouknowsomuchaboutoldbakers?M:Mygrandfatherownedabakery.Hemadebreadallthetime!Itwassodelicious.W:Thatdoessounddelicious.Doyouknowhowtobakebread?M:No,IwishIhadlearnedproperly.Mygrandfathertriedtoshowmeonce,butIwastooyoungtounderstand.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題?!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】10.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthedinner?A.Nervous. B.Confident. C.Relaxed.11.Whodoesthewomanhavesomethingincommonwith?A.Theman’ssister. B.Theman’smother. C.Theman’sgrandma.12.Whatwillthewomanbringtothedinner?A.Somedecorations. B.Somethingtoeat. C.Somethingtodrink.【答案】10.A11.A12.C【解析】【原文】W:Ican’tbelieveI’mmeetingyourentirefamilyforthefirsttimetomorrow.M:Theyarereallylookingforwardtomeetingyou.Whatareyousoworriedabout?W:Everything—whattowear,whattosay,whattobring…M:Hey,justrelaxandbeyourself.Myfamilywillwelcomeyouwithopenarms.W:Canyoutellmeaboutthemagain?M:Sure.Mymotherandfatherwerebothteachers.Mybrotherisafireman.W:Whoelsewillbethere?M:Mygrandmaandgrandpa.You’lllikemygrandma.Sheisreallysweet.Andmygrandpaisreallyfunny.W:Whatdoesyoursisterdo?M:Shestudiesbiologytoo,soyoutwoshouldhavealottotalkabout.W:Oh,good.ShouldIbringsomethingorprepareaspecialdish?M:Myparentsarecookingeverything.Abottleofwineformyparentswillbeenough.W:DoyouthinkIshouldwearthatflowerdressIhave?M:Wearwhateveryouwant.Ipromisemyparentswilllikeyounomatterwhat.聽下面一段較長對話,回答以下小題?!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】13.Whatisthegirl’sprojecttopicrelatedto?A.History. B.Foreignlanguage. C.Internationalrelations.14.WhenwillthetriptoParisbegin?A.OnFriday. B.Infivedays. C.Abouthalfamonthlater.15.Whatmighthelppersuadethegirl’sfathertolethergo?A.Thatmanyotherstudentswillbegoing.B.Thatalmosteverythingwillalreadybepaidfor.C.Thatthegroupwillvisitmanyinterestingplaces.16.Whoistheman?A.Theschoolprincipal. B.Acollegeprofessor. C.Ahighschoolteacher.【答案】13.A14.C15.B16.C【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Evans,I’mnotsurewhattodoformyseniorproject.IthoughtIwouldwriteaboutFrenchsocietyduringNapoleon’stime.ButI’mnotexactlythrilledaboutdoingatonofresearch.M:Listen,Iknowaprofessorwhoisplanningafive-daytriptoParisforhisFrenchclass.Doyouthinkyourfatherwouldletyougo?W:Idon’tknow.Heprobablywouldn’twantmewanderingaroundaforeigncityonmyown.M:Well,youwouldn’tbealone.Andyou’dstillhavetofinishyourproject.Butthisprofessorwillbetakinghisgrouptomanydifferentmuseums,libraries,andmonuments—thebestsourcesofinformation!HowfluentareyouinFrench?W:Icanspeakandreadverywell.M:Good!Well,thetripisintwoweeks.TalktoyourfatherandletmeknowbyFridayifyou’llbeabletogo.I’llarrangeeverythingandtalktotheschoolprincipalafterthat.W:Umm,howmuchwilltheticketbe?M:Thatwillbepaidbytheschool.Thereisaspecialfundforoutstandingseniorslikeyouwhoaregoingtocollegenextyear.Andtheprofessorwillbeabletousehisresearchmoneytopayforyourmealsandaccommodation.You’djustneedtopayforextrathingslikesnacksorsouvenirs.W:Wow!Thatwillcertainlyhelpconvincemyfather!聽下面一段獨白,回答以下小題?!敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻,請去附件查看】17.Whichstatementdomostpeopleagreewith?A.Peopleshouldeatlessmeat.B.Theendangeredanimalsshouldn’tbehunted.C.Huntingislikelytogodownworldwide.18.Whyaretheresomanywhite-taileddeerintheUnitedStates?A.Itisillegaltohuntthem.B.Otheranimalsdon’tkillthem.C.Theirnaturalenvironmentisimprovingfast.19.Whatisthegoodreasonforhunterstoshootthedeer?A.Thedeercausecaraccidents.B.Thedeerdamagethecrop.C.Thedeerharmotheranimals.20.Whatisthebestargumentagainstdeerhunting?A.Itisconsideredtobecruel.B.Itleadstomorehumandeaths.C.Itdoesn’tkeeptheirnumbersdown.【答案】17.B18.B19.A20.B【解析】【原文】Huntingispartofthecultureinmanycountriesaroundtheworld,includingrighthereintheEuropeanUnion.Recently,someAfricancountrieshavebeenwidelycriticizedforallowingtouriststokilllions.Incaseswheretheanimalsareendangered,almosteveryoneagreesthatthistypeofhuntingshouldbebanned.However,peoplearemuchmoredividedaboutarecentsituationintheU.S.Thepopulationsofwhite-taileddeerhavegottenoutofcontrolthroughoutthecountrybecausenoanimalskillthemforfood.Hunterswanttoincreasethenumberofwhite-taileddeerthey’realreadyallowedtoshoot.Becausethedeercausecaraccidents,thehuntersthinkthey’reactuallysavinghumanlivesbykillingthedeer.Andthedeeraresooverpopulated.Animalrightsgroupssaythatdeer-relatedaccidentsareactuallycausedbyhunterswhoscarethedeerontoroads.Whilethatclaimishardtoconfirm,thisoneisn’t:thenumberofdeer-relatedcaraccidentscan’tcomparewiththe200hunting-relatedhumandeathseveryyear.Finally,thesegroupsbelievethatanimalsshouldbeabletolivefreelyintheirenvironment,withouthavingtoworryaboutbeingkilled.Unfortunately,thislastpointishardtoarguewhensomanycows,chickens,andpigsarekilledforourdinners.Thetruthisthathuntingisunlikelytostopanytimesoon.二、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ADoyoulovetherushoffearandadrenalin(腎上腺素)youigetfromagreatrollercoaster?Fromincrediblespeedtodramaticdrops,tohead-spinninginversions,there’ssomethingforeverybodyonourlist.Dodonpa,Fuji-QHighland-YamanashiPrefecture,JapanDodonpawasthefastestrollercoasterintheworldwhenitopenedonJuly16,2001,withatopspeedof106milesperhour(171km/h).Itheldthisrecorduntil2004whenitwassurpassedbyKingdaKaatSixFlagsGreatAdventure.Ifyoucanforceyoureyesopenforasecond,you’llgetagreatviewofMountFujisittingonthehorizon.DuelingDragons,islandsofAdventureinOrlando,FloridaIfyou’relookingforaheart-poundingcoasterexperience,looknofurtherthanDuelingDragons.Thiscoasterisatrueduelingexperience,withtwotracksthatracesidebysideatspeedsofupto62milesperhour.You’llfeelthewindinyourhairasyoutwistandturnyourwaythroughthecurvesanddropsofthiscoaster.Taron,Phantasialan-Bruhl,GermanyTaronwastheworld’stallestandfastestrollercoasterwhenitopenedonApril28,2015.Butit’salreadyafanfavorite,thankstoitsuniquedesignthatallowsriderstoexperiencebothforwardandbackwardmotion.ThecoasterisalsooneofthelongestandtallestinEurope.Soifyou’relookingforatrulyuniquecoasterexperience,besuretocheckoutTaron.SteelDragon2000,NagashimaSpaLand-Kuwana,JapanTheSteelDragoninNagashimaSpaLandisamarathonridetheworld’slongestat8133feetofpureadrenalin.Theone-minuteclimbtothetopofthefirsthillwillhaveyoutwistingandturninginsuspense.Andthedropthatfollows?306feetstraightdown.Hangontoyourhatthisisyourintroductiontothreemoreminutesofthrills.ItisalsothetalleststeelrollercoasterinJapan,withaheightof318feet.21.WhatisspecialaboutDuelingDragons?A.Itprovidesvisitorsamagnificentmountainview.B.Itallowstwocoasterstoracesidebyside.C.Itpresentsachoiceofwhichdirectiontotravel.D.Itgivesvisitorsaheart-poundingexperience.22.Whichofthefollowingisthelongestrollercoasterintheworld?A.DodonpaB.DuelingDragonsC.TaronD.SteelDragon200023.Whatdoweknowaboutthefourrollercoasters?A.DodonparunsmoreslowlythanKingdaKa.B.DuelingDragonsreachesthespeedof171km/h.C.Taronisthetallestrollercoasterintheworld.D.SteelDragon2000is306feetinheight.【答案】21.B22.D23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了四個各具特色的過山車游樂項目。喜歡速度與激情的人們可以去暢快體驗?!?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)介紹DuelingDragons的第三段“Thiscoasterisatrueduelingexperience,withtwotracksthatracesidebysideatspeedsofupto62milesperhour.(這個過山車是一種真正的決斗體驗,它有兩條軌道,以每小時62英里的速度齊頭并進)”可知,DuelingDragons過山車最大的特色,就是它有兩條并排的軌道,為游客提供一種雙排競速的刺激感,故選B項?!?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹SteelDragon2000的最后一段“TheSteelDragoninNagashimaSpaLandisamarathonridetheworld’slongestat8133feetofpureadrenalin.(位于長島溫泉樂園的“鋼鐵龍”是世界上最長的馬拉松式過山車,全長8133英尺,令人興奮。)”可知,SteelDragon2000是世界上軌道最長的過山車,故選D項?!?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)介紹Taron的第四段“Taronwastheworld’stallestandfastestrollercoasterwhenitopenedonApril28,2015.(塔倫于2015年4月28日開放,是世界上最高、最快的過山車)”可知,Taron作為世界上最高的過山車,當(dāng)之無愧。故選C項。BItwasabrightspringafternoonalongtheMarylandcoast,andJonathanBauer,adoctorandhisdaughter,Ava,weretakingfulladvantageofit.Theyweredrivingwiththewindowsdownastheyheadedhome.Suddenly,thecalmwasdisturbedbythesharpsoundoftires.Notfaraheadofthem,ablackpickupwasslidingfromonelanetotheother.TotheBauers’horror,itslammedintoaconcretebarrier,flippedovertheSUVdirectlyaheadofthem,andcametorestdanglingovertherailing(欄桿)ofthebridge.Bauerhitthebrakesintimetoavoidthevehiclesinhispath.Andthenascreamcamefromthepickup.Bauerrantoit.Thedriverpointeddown.Inthewaterwasacarseat.Agirl,abouttwoyearsold,wasterrified,floatingonherback,kickingandsplashingandscreaming.Mattersquicklywentfrombadtofrighteningwhenthegirlrolledoverontoherstomach.Bauerwaitedforthepickupdrivertodosomething,buthedidn’tmove.Maybehewasinshock.Heheldnoillusionsabouthischancesjumpingfromthisheightintosuchshallowwater.Fourfeetofdepthwasthemosthecouldhopefor.Andwerethererocksthisclosetotheconcretepillar(柱子)ofthebridge?Heclimbedontotherailingandtookaleapoffaith.Amomentlaterhewasbouncingoffthesandybottom-unhurt!Bauerswamtothegirlinafewquickstrokesandliftedheroutofthewater:mouthhalfopen,eyesnearlyclosed,notbreathing.Standing,helaidheragainsthisshoulderandhitherbackwiththeflatofhishand.Afterseveralattempts,thankfully,hereyeswereopened,focusedonhim.Hepulledherclose,hugginghertoshieldherfromthecold.AvaBauerwassoinspiredbyherfather’sactionsthatfourmonthslatershebecameafirefightersothatshetoocouldsavelives.24.TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1canbebestreplacedby____.A.bearingB.expectingC.enjoyingD.judging25.Whatdoweknowabouttheaccident?A.Manyvehiclesrushedintoaconcretebarrier.B.AblackpickupwascrashedintobyaSUV.C.Avagotseriouslyinjuredintheaccident.D.Bauermanagedtostophiscarjustintime.26.WhatmadeBauer’sjumpverydangerous?A.Thelackoffaithinhisjump.B.Notknowinghowdeepthewaterwas.C.Thehardobjectsintheshallowwater.D.Thelittlegirl’sbeingunabletoswim.27.HowdidBauerbringthegirlbacktolife?A.Byforcingoutthechokingwater.B.Byprotectingherfromgettingcold.C.Bybreathingfreshairintohermouth.D.Bydraggingheroutofthewaterquickly.【答案】24.C25.D26.C27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇記敘文。文章講述了醫(yī)生JonathanBauer和女兒Ava在開車回家的路上,遇到了一起車禍,Jonathan英勇地救活了一個兩歲左右的小女孩的故事。【24題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Itwasabrightspringafternoon”(這是一個明媚的春日下午)和“Suddenly,thecalmwasdisturbedbythesharpsoundoftires.”(突然,一陣尖銳的輪胎聲打破了平靜。)可知,當(dāng)天陽光明媚,和平安靜,所以Jonathan和女兒應(yīng)該是很愜意的;可推知劃線詞所在句應(yīng)該是指他們是在充分享受當(dāng)時的環(huán)境的。故選C?!?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Bauerhitthebrakesintimetoavoidthevehiclesinhispath.”(Bauer及時剎車,避開了路上的車輛。)可知,Bauer設(shè)法及時停了車。故選D。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Heheldnoillusionsabouthischancesjumpingfromthisheightintosuchshallowwater.”(他對從這么高的地方跳進這么淺的水里的機會不抱任何幻想。)和“Andwerethererocksthisclosetotheconcretepillar(柱子)ofthebridge?”(橋的混凝土柱子附近有巖石嗎?)可知,水很淺,水里有可能會有一些巖石類的堅硬的物體,Bauer從上面跳下來有可能會撞到這些巖石上,這樣就會有危險。故選C。【27題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Standing,helaidheragainsthisshoulderandhitherbackwiththeflatofhishand.Afterseveralattempts,thankfully,hereyeswereopened,focusedonhim.”(他站起來,把她靠在肩上,用手掌拍她的背。經(jīng)過幾次嘗試,謝天謝地,她睜開了眼睛,盯著他。)可知,在孩子溺水后,他用手掌拍她的背,是為了把嗆入的水拍出來,這樣孩子就得救了。故選A。CWithclimatechangeontracktodestroytheworld’scoralreefs,scientistsracetocreateanewsuper-coralthatcansurviveextremetemperatures.AtypeofmicroscopicalgaecalledSymbiodiniaceaeliveswithinmostcoral’stissues.Thetwoorganismshavebeenlivingdependentlyforhundredsofmillionsofyearsinawaythatresemblestherelationshipbetweenhumansandtrees.Thealgaeconsumecoral’swasteproducts,andcoralconsumesnutrientsthatthealgaephotosynthesize.Coralalsoprovidesshelterforalgae.Butwhenexposedtotoomuchheatorlight,thealgaereleaseharmfulchemicals,sothecoralcaststhemout.Leftwithouttheirmainenergysource,thecoralwillstarvetodeath.Thisisalsobadnewsforthealgae.Butnaturalevolutionhasprovidedabiologicalfeedbackloopthatcanhelpthetworeunite.Oneofthecompoundsthatalgaereleasewhenwaterbecomeshot,calledDMs,bubblesuptothesurfaceofthewaterandformsathinlayer,whichshieldsthecorallikeanatural,on-demandlayerofsunscreen.Withthisprotection,thewatercoolsdownandalgaecanreturntothecoralandreestablishtheirpartnershipunlessthewateristoohot,inwhichcasethecoralconsumesthecomponentsthatmakeupDMsbeforeitcanform.Climatechangeisbecomingtoointenseforcoralandalgaetonaturallyadaptfastenough.Therefore,scientistsaretestingoutdifferentwaystoacceleratethatadaptationthroughvariousmethodsofassistedevolution.Someteamsarecurrentlyconductingsmallfieldtrialsofselectivebreeding,wheretheyidentifythemostheat-tolerantmembersofasampleofcorals.Thentheybreedthemtogethertocreateoffspringthatcanbeusedtohelprestorecoralreefs.Othersarefocusingtheireffortsonspeedingupthealgae’sadaptation,attemptingtoincreaseitsheattoleranceinlabs.Ultimately,scientistsmayimplementacocktailofsolutionstosavecoralreefs.“Tocreateasuper-coral,wecould,forexample,selectivelybreedheat-tolerantcoralsandcombinethatwithenhancedalgae,”saysvanOppen.28.WhatcanwelearnaboutParagraph2?A.Thealgaereleasedamagingsubstanceswhenexposedtoheat.B.Thecoraleatsthewasteproducedbythealgae.C.Thealgaeistothecoralwhattreesaretohumans.DThecoralwilldiefromharmfulchemicalswhenit’stoohot.29.Whenthewateristoohot,naturalevolutionfailstohelpbecause_______.ADMScan’tbeformed B.thesunscreenlayerisdestroyedC.thecoralconsumesDMS D.thealgaereleasetoomuchDMS30.HowisParagraph4mainlydeveloped?A.Byanalyzingcauses. B.Bymakingacomparison.C.Bypresentingapproaches. D.Bydescribingaprocess.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theroleplayedbythealgaewithinthecoral.B.Thewaytocreateasuper-coraltosavereefs.C.Selectivebreedingconductedamongcorals.D.Scientists’effortstoincreasealgae’sheattolerance.【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。隨著氣候變化對全球珊瑚礁的破壞,科學(xué)家們競相創(chuàng)造一種能夠在極端溫度下生存的新型超級珊瑚。文章介紹了藻類和珊瑚的關(guān)系以及超級珊瑚的培育過程。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thetwoorganismshavebeenlivingdependentlyforhundredsofmillionsofyearsinawaythatresemblestherelationshipbetweenhumansandtrees.Thealgaeconsumecoral’swasteproducts,andcoralconsumesnutrientsthatthealgaephotosynthesize(這兩種生物已經(jīng)獨立生活了數(shù)億年,就像人類和樹木之間的關(guān)系一樣。藻類消耗珊瑚的廢物,而珊瑚消耗藻類光合作用的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì))”可知,海藻吃珊瑚的排泄物,而珊瑚則食用海藻光合作用所產(chǎn)生的養(yǎng)分,這一點與樹和人的關(guān)系是一樣的。故選C?!?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Withthisprotection,thewatercoolsdownandalgaecanreturntothecoralandreestablishtheirpartnershipunlessthewateristoohot,inwhichcasethecoralconsumesthecomponentsthatmakeupDMsbeforeitcanform.(有了這種保護,水就會冷卻下來,藻類可以回到珊瑚身邊,重新建立它們的伙伴關(guān)系,除非水太熱,在這種情況下,珊瑚在形成DMS之前就會消耗掉組成DMS的成分)”可知,當(dāng)水太熱時,自然進化無法提供幫助,因為DMS無法形成。故選A?!?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Climatechangeisbecomingtoointenseforcoralandalgaetonaturallyadaptfastenough.Therefore,scientistsaretestingoutdifferentwaystoacceleratethatadaptationthroughvariousmethodsofassistedevolution.Someteamsarecurrentlyconductingsmallfieldtrialsofselectivebreeding,wheretheyidentifythemostheat-tolerantmembersofasampleofcorals.Thentheybreedthemtogethertocreateoffspringthatcanbeusedtohelprestorecoralreefs.Othersarefocusingtheireffortsonspeedingupthealgae’sadaptation,attemptingtoincreaseitsheattoleranceinlabs.(氣候變化變得過于劇烈,珊瑚和藻類無法足夠快地自然適應(yīng)。因此,科學(xué)家們正在通過各種輔助進化的方法來測試不同的方法來加速這種適應(yīng)。一些團隊目前正在進行選擇性繁殖的小型現(xiàn)場試驗,他們在珊瑚樣本中確定了最耐熱的成員。然后他們把它們繁殖在一起,創(chuàng)造出可以用來幫助恢復(fù)珊瑚礁的后代。其他人則致力于加快藻類的適應(yīng),試圖在實驗室中提高其耐熱性)”可推知,第4段分別提出了兩個解決的方案展開的。故選C。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Withclimatechangeontracktodestroytheworld’scoralreefs,scientistsracetocreateanewsuper-coralthatcansurviveextremetemperatures.(隨著氣候變化對全球珊瑚礁的破壞,科學(xué)家們競相創(chuàng)造一種能夠在極端溫度下生存的新型超級珊瑚)”結(jié)合文章介紹了藻類和珊瑚的關(guān)系以及超級珊瑚的培育過程??芍@篇文章主要講的是創(chuàng)造超級珊瑚來拯救珊瑚礁的方法。故選B。DWinterisonitsway.HereintheNewYorkarea,wecanexpectafewperfectdaysofcold,clearairandsnowthatsparklesinthesun;buttheseason’sdominantnoteswillmostlikelyberain,overcastskies,bone-chillingwinds,andmorerain.Forallofuswhohavecherishedourwalksintheparkandoursocially-distancedconversations,thechangeintheweatherfeelslikethefinaloffense.Thepandemiccontinuesandnowwewon’tevenbeabletogetoutside.Idon’thaveanynewsolutionsforthepandemic,I’mafraid,buttakeitfromsomeonewhogrewupinnorthernEngland:Terribleweatherdoesnotmeanyoudon’tgettosocializeoutdoors.IfalittlethinglikerainstoppedBritishpeoplefromenjoyingadayattheseasideorahikeinthehills,ImightneverhaveknownthejoysoftheYorkshirebarbecue.Itwassometimesmyappointedroletoholdanumbrellaoverthegrillwhilemyfathertendedtothesausagesandburgersbecauseabarbecuehadbeenplanned,andsoabarbecuewasgoingtotakeplace.Thebigsecretaboutbadweatheristhat,certaindangerousstormconditionsaside,it’sreallybadonlyifyoudecideit’sbad.Youmayknowtheexperienceofbeingcaughtunpreparedinheavyrain,startingtohurrytowardshelter,thenfinallysurrenderingtotherealitythatyou’llbegettingasoaking.Muchofthediscomfortofrainorcoldtemperaturesarisesnotfromthesensationsthemselves,butfromakindofinternalstruggletoavoidfeelingthem.ThekeytoBritishenjoymentliesinnotexpectingyourtimeoutdoorstobeespeciallywarmordryinthefirstplace.Afriendofminehastreasuredmemoriesofherparentssettingoutawonderfulpicnicspreadjustastheheavensopened,butdecidingtoletthekidsgoaheadandeatanyway,inachaosofwetsandwichesandhystericallaughter.Whateverelsethiswinterhasinstore,wemightuseittocreatesomesimilarlyjoyfulandaffection-filledmemories,rememberingalwaysthewordsbytheBritishwriterAlfredWainwright:“There’snosuchthingasbadweather,onlyunsuitableclothing.”32.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor?A.Hehasgottiredofthepandemic.B.Heisnostrangertoterribleweather.C.HehatestheweatherintheNewYorkarea.D.Heisexpectingsomeperfectdaysofthewinter.33.WhydoesbadweathermakepeopleuncomfortableaccordingtoPara.5?A.Gettingtotallywetgivespeoplebadfeelings.B.Ittakesalotoftroubleforpeopletoseekshelter.C.Badweathercanleadtodangerousstormconditions.D.Peopledon’twanttoexperiencebadweatheratheart.34.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexperienceofafriendofhis?A.Toencouragepeopletofacebadweathermorepositively.B.Topresentawonderfulwayofdealingwithdifficulties.C.ToexplainwhyBritishpeoplehaveapreferenceforpicnic.D.Toshowhowtocreatememorableexperienceswithchildren.35.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IsWinterComing?B.AreYouPrepared?C.BravetheBadWeatherD.OutdoorActivityCountsinWinter【答案】32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了作者雖然經(jīng)歷了英國冬季的壞天氣,但是他依然認(rèn)為不管天氣有多糟糕,人們只有調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)去積極應(yīng)對各種天氣變化,才能享受生活的樂趣?!?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“HereintheNewYorkarea,wecanexpectafewperfectdaysofcold,clearairandsnowthatsparklesinthesun;buttheseason’sdominantnoteswillmostlikelyberain,overcastskies,bone-chillingwinds,andmorerain.”(在紐約地區(qū),我們可以期待幾天完美天氣,寒冷清新的空氣和在陽光下閃耀的白雪;但是這個季節(jié)的主要音符很可能是下雨,陰天,刺骨的寒風(fēng)以及更多的降雨。)可知,作者對于紐約的地區(qū)冬季的氣候十分清楚,推斷出他對這種陰天多雨煩人糟糕天氣并不陌生。故選B項?!?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Muchofthediscomfortofrainorcoldtemperaturesarisesnotfromthesensationsthemselves,butfromakindofinternalstruggletoavoidfeelingthem.”(大部分由于大雨或寒冷的溫度引起的不適并不來自感覺本身,而是來自一種內(nèi)在的逃避感覺的斗爭。)可知,人們對于壞天氣的不適取決于自己內(nèi)心的逃避心理。故選D項?!?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Whateverelsethiswinterhasinstore,wemightuseittocreatesomesimilarlyjoyfulandaffection-filledmemories,rememberingalwaysthewordsbytheBritishwriterAlfredWainwright:“There’snosuchthingasbadweather,onlyunsuitableclothing.””(不管這個冬天還有什么,我們可能用它來制造一些類似的快樂和充滿感情的回憶,永遠(yuǎn)記住英國作家AlfredWainwright的話:“沒有壞天氣,只有不適合的衣服?!保┛芍?,作者認(rèn)為不管冬天天氣的好壞,人們要用自己的努力積極去面對任何可能發(fā)生的天氣變化。故選A項。【35題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容可知,作者借助對英國壞天氣的介紹和人們應(yīng)對壞天氣的不同心態(tài),得出結(jié)論:不管天氣如何,人們需要調(diào)整自己的心態(tài)勇敢地去面對各種突發(fā)的天氣情況,才能獲得生活的樂趣,C項“在壞天氣中勇敢”符合題意。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoReduceYourDog’sSeparationIssuesToday,peopleareworkingfromhomemorethanever.Asaresult,manydogsareenjoyingalotmoretimewith,andattentionfrom,theirowners.Dogadoptionrateshaveskyrocketedaspeopleseekenjoymentandextracompanionship.___36___Checkoutthesetipsandeaseyourworries.TeachpuppiesalonetimeDogsaresocialcreaturesandneedtolearncopingskillstobecomfortablewhentheyareleftunattended.___37___Itcanresultindestructivebehaviorsuchaschewingonfurnitureanddiggingupplantsinthegarden.Teachingyourpuppytobecomfortablealonerightfromthestartwillhelpyouavoidseparationissuesinthefuture.PlaysomemusicChooseclassicaloreasylisteningmusic,sincetheideaistohelpcalmyourdog.___38___Thiswillonlycauseyourdogmoreanxiety.Youcanalsorecordnormalhouseholdsoundsandplaytherecordingforcomfort.Occasionallyplaythetapewhenyou’rehomesoyourdogdoesn’tassociatetherecordingwithyourdeparture.___39___Dogslikeroutinebecauseitmakesthemfeelsecure.Settingupandmaintaininganexerciseroutinewillbeimportantonceyoustartleavinghomemore.Thisisespeciallyimportantforadolescentdogsandactivebreeds.Thinkabouttheamountofexerciseyouaregivingyourdognowandaskyourselfhowmuchexerciseyouwillbeabletomaintainifcircumstanceschange.EstablishgoodchewhabitsTeachyourpuppyordogwhatisacceptableforthemtochew.___40___Chewabletoysthatcanbestuffedwithatreatlikepeanutbutterareagoodoption.Whenyouleavehome,givethemahewtoytohelpthemrelaxandkeepthemoccupied.A.CreatearoutineB.GuaranteemoreexerciseC.Don’tletyourpuppyfollowyoufromroomtoroom.D.Otherwise,theymaybeco
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