譯林牛津英語八年級下冊Unit1重點(diǎn)知識歸納

Unit1Pastandpresent往事，過去，往日：inthepast1.past(adj)過去的：inthepasttwoyears(adv)經(jīng)過，過去：walkpastabighouse(prep)在后，超出：halfpastfour2.present(n)現(xiàn)在：atpresent=now=atthemoment=rightnow禮品=giftusedtodosth：過去經(jīng)常做某事（過去存在但現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)停止的狀況或習(xí)慣）否認(rèn)：didn’tusetodosth/usedn’ttodosth疑問：Didusetodosth?/Usedtodosth?be/getuseddoingsth：習(xí)慣于做某事beusedfor/todosth：被用來做某事4.since：指引時間狀語從句，現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時+since+一般過去時Itis/hasbeen+一段時間+since+一般過去時5.sharesthwithsb/toomany;toomuch;muchtoo/花銷（時間或金錢）waitfor;waittodosth;can’twaittodosth/interviewsb;haveaninterviewwithsb表示東南西北的方向名詞后加“ern”組成形容詞。eastern;southern;western;northernchangealotovertheyears：多年以來，用于現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時turn/changeinto：把變?yōu)閠urn/changeinto：變?yōu)関：轉(zhuǎn)動，翻轉(zhuǎn)：turnon/off/up/down/around(轉(zhuǎn)身)/to(翻到/向求援)turnn：輪番，挨次：It’sone’sturntodosth(輪到某人做)/taketurnstodosth(輪番做)系動詞pollute→polluted（受污染的）→pollution（污染）airpollution,noisepollution,environmentalpollution（環(huán)境污染）,pollutedwater（污水）insomeways：在某種程度上，在某些方面ontheway：在路上，在途中intheway：阻攔，擋道bythewayonthe/one’swaytointhis/thatwayloseone’swaymarrysb：嫁給，娶了marrysbto：把某人嫁給10.marrymarried：已婚的amarriedwomangetmarriedtosb：重申行為bemarriedtosb：重申狀態(tài)，可以和段時間連用Shehasbeenmarriedforfiveyears.HegotmarriedtoNancylastyear.11.lonely(adj)：孤獨(dú)的，孤獨(dú)的alone(adj/adv)：獨(dú)自的，獨(dú)自地=byoneself=onone’sownTheoldmanlivesalone,butheneverfeelslonely.abit和alittle后可接形容詞，副詞，動詞或比較級，表示“一點(diǎn)兒，有些”alittle+名詞=abitof+名詞notalittle=very=quite：很，特別notabit=notatall：一點(diǎn)也不13.putupputoutputoffputawayputdownputon

putbacktakeactiontodosth=acttodosth：采納行動做某事比較級前可加：much/even/any/alot/far/rather/alittle/abitit作為形式主語或形式賓語的用法：17.hearof/abouthearfrombecauseof和because的差別現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(1)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時的組成：have/has+過去分詞(過去分詞的組成有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時的四個基本句型一定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞否認(rèn)句：主語+haven’t/hasn’t+過去分詞一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞→Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+haven’t/hasn’t特別疑問句：特別疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時的用法:．表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)達(dá)成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，重申對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。可用already,yet,ever,never,just,before,uptonow,untilnow,inthepastfewyears表示從過去開始，連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，或許還要連續(xù)下去。可以和表示一段時間的狀語連用，如“for+時間段”、“since+過去的時間點(diǎn)”、“since+從句”、howlong,sofar在以下情況下用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時(1)九詞語already已經(jīng)，一定句中或句尾：Ihavealreadyfoundmypen.②yet已經(jīng)，否認(rèn)句和疑問句句尾：Ihavenotfinishedtheworkyet.③ever從前，句中：Haveyoueverseenpandas?never從不，句中：IhaveneverbeentoBeijing.⑤just剛剛，句中：Ihavejustdonemywork.⑥before從前，句尾：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore.⑦sofar到當(dāng)前為止：Sofarhehaslearnt200words.⑧howlong多久：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?howmanytimes多少次：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing兩構(gòu)造fortwomonthsfor+一段時間Jimhaslivedherefor2months.sincelastyearsince3yearsagosince+過去點(diǎn)時間LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago.since1990sincehecameheresince+過去時態(tài)句子HehasbeeninChinasincehecamehere.三詞組have/hasgoneto去了某地，表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在去那里的途中或抵達(dá)那里還沒有回來”have/hasbeento去過某地，表示“曾去過某地，已經(jīng)從那里回來了”3.have/hasbeenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示段時間的狀語連用，如：since,for,howlong假如句子里面沒有時間狀語，漢語意思可以加“已經(jīng)”，經(jīng)常用現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時態(tài)。Haveyoulostyourlibrarybook?你已經(jīng)弄丟了從圖書室借的那本書嗎？現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時態(tài)還經(jīng)常用于以下句型Theyhaveplantedmanytreesinthelastfewyears在.過去的幾年，他們已經(jīng)種了好多樹。ThisisthebestbookIhaveeverread.這是我從前讀過的最好的一本書。ItisthefirsttimeIhaveplayedthecomputergames.這是我第一次玩電腦游戲。在現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時中，瞬時動詞不可以和一段時間狀語連用Hehasboughtthebookfor3years（.錯）因buy這個一次性動詞不可以和一段時間for3years連用，更正的方法有五種：Hehasboughtthebook.Heboughtthebook3yearsago.It’s3yearssinceheboughtthebook.=3yearshaspassedsinceheboughtthebook.④Hehasnotboughtthebookfor3years.Hehashadthebookfor3years.還有其余瞬時動詞也是這類狀況，可參照前面的五種方法更正，前四種改法都同樣，第五種改法各不同樣，舉比以下：come/arrive/getto/reach→behereIhavecomeherefor3years（.錯）leave/go→beawayHehasleftfor3hours.（錯）begin/start→beonThefilmhasbegunfor3minutes.（錯）open→beopen,close→beclosedTheshophasopenedfor3years.錯()die→bedeadHisfatherhasdiedfor3years.錯()⑥finish/end→beover

改為：Ihavebeenherefor3years.改為：Hehasbeenawayfor3hours.改為：Thefilmhasbeenonfor3minutes.改為：Theshophasbeenopenfor3years.改為：Hisfatherhasbeendeadfor3years.Hehasfinishedtheworkfor3days.錯()改為：Theworkhasbeenoverfor3days⑦joinIhavejoinedthearmyfor3years（.錯）改為：Ihavebeeninthearmyfor3years.或Ihavebeenasoldierfor3years.buy/catch→haveIhaveboughtthebikefor3years（.錯）改為：Ihavehadthebikefor3years.⑨borrow→keepIhaveborrowedthebookfor3years（.錯）改為：Ihavekeptthebookfor3years.還有其余的概括以下：leave→beawayborrow→keepbuy→havedie→bedeadgetup→beupbegin/start→beonfinish→beoverfallill→beillfallasleep→beasleepcatchacold→haveacoldputon→weargettoknow→knowcome/become/go→beherejoin→beamemberofopen→beopenclose→beclosebreak→bebrokengetup→beupmarry→bemarriedbecome→belose→belostgetto/arrive/reach→be(in)現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的差別一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或純真表達(dá)過去的事情，重申換作；現(xiàn)在達(dá)成時為過去發(fā)生的，重申過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，重申的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（重申換作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（重申對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）一般過去時和表示過去的時間狀語連用goabroad：出國keepintouchwith：和保持聯(lián)系getintouchwith：和聯(lián)系communicatewiths